The continuum of HIV care in South Africa: Implications for achieving the second and third UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets

AIDS

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 545-552

  Takuva, Simbarashe ^a,b   Brown, Alison E ^c   Pillay, Yogan ^d   Delpech, Valerie ^c   Puren, Adrian J ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^c PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

^d NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH   (South Africa)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Cascade; CD4+ cell count; Continuum of care; HIV testing; HIV treatment; Viral suppression

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GROUPS BY AGE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEWBORN; PATIENT CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOUTH AFRICA; VIRUS LOAD; YOUNG ADULT; AGED; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERY ELDERLY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONTINUITY OF PATIENT CARE; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOUTH AFRICA; SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85012303985     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: 14735571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001340     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Shisana O, Rhele T, Simbayi LC, Zuma K, Jooste S, Zungu N, et al. South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey.2012, http://heaids.org.za/site/assets/files/ 1267/sabssm-iv-leo-final.pdf. [Accessed 20 October 2016].
2. South African National AIDS Council (SANAC). National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB, 2012-2016. 2011 http://heaids. org.za/site/assets/files/1267/national-strategic-plan-for-hiv-stisand-tb-2012-2016.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2016].
3. South African National AIDS Coucil (SANAC). Progress report on the National Strategic Plan for HIV, TB and STIs (2012-2016).2014.
4. Zaidi J, Grapsa E, Tanser F, Newell M-L, Barnighausen T. Dramatic increase in HIV prevalence after scale-up of antiretroviral treatment. AIDS 2013; 27:2301-2305.
5. Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:493-505.
6. Tanser F, Barnighausen T, Grapsa E, Zaidi J, Newell M-L. High coverage of ART associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Science 2013; 339:966-971.
7. Gardner EM, McLees MP, Steiner JF, Del Rio C, Burman WJ. The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to testand-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:793-800.
8. Statistics South Africa. 2013. Mid-year population estimates, 2013. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. http://www.statssa.gov. za/publications/statsdownload.asp?PPN=P0302&SCH=4203 [Accessed 19 July 2015].
9. National Health Laboratory Services. NHL Strategic Plan 2010-2015.2010, 1-50.
10. Goetz MB, Hoang T, Kan VL, Rimland-B. Development and validation of an algorithm to identify patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection from electronic health records. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:626-633.
11. KabudulaCW, ClarkBD, Gomez-Olive FX, Tollman S,Menken J, Reniers G. The promise of record linkage for assessing the uptake of health services in resource constrained settings: a pilot study from South Africa. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:71.
12. Sengayi M, Spoerri A, Egger M, Kielkowski D, Crankshaw T, Cloete C, et al. Record linkage to correct under-ascertainment of cancers in HIV cohorts: the Sinikithemba HIV clinic linkage project. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1209-1216.
13. Grobler J. National Health Laboratory Service Corporate Data Warehouse patient linking technical document.2014.
14. National Department of Health. The South African antiretroviral treatment guidelines. Pretoria: National Department of Health; 2013.
15. National Department of Health. National HIV counselling and testing policy guidelines. Pretoria: National Department of Health; 2015.
16. Mills EJ, Beyrer C, Birungi J, Dybul MR. Engaging men in prevention and care for HIV/AIDS in Africa. PLoS Med 2012; 9:e1001167.
17. Tsague L, Tsiouris FO, Carter RJ, Mugisha V, Tene G, Nyankesha E, et al. Comparing two service delivery models for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV during transition from single-dose nevirapine to multidrug antiretroviral regimens. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:753.
18. Pfeiffer J, Montoya P, Baptista AJ, Karagianis M, Pugas M de M, Micek M, et al. Integration of HIV/AIDS services into African primary healthcare: lessons learned for health system strengthening in Mozambique-a case study. J Int AIDS Soc 2010; 13:3.
19. Killam WP, Tambatamba BC, Chintu N, Rouse D, Stringer E, Bweupe M, et al. Antiretroviral therapy in antenatal care to increase treatment initiation in HIV-infected pregnant women: a stepped-wedge evaluation. AIDS 2010; 24:85-91.
20. van der Merwe K, Chersich MF, Technau K, Umurungi Y, Conradie F, Coovadia A. Integration of antiretroviral treatment within antenatal care in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43:577-581.
21. Makusha T, Knight L, Taegtmeyer M, Tulloch O, Davids A, Lim J, et al. HIV self-testing could 'revolutionize testing in South Africa, but it has got to be done properly': perceptions of key stakeholders. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122783.
22. van Rooyen H, McGrath N, Chirowodza A, Joseph P, Fiamma A, Gray G, et al. Mobile VCT: reaching men and young people in urban and rural South African pilot studies (NIMH Project Accept, HPTN 043). AIDS Behav 2013; 17:2946-2953.
23. Choko AT, Desmond N, Webb EL, Chavula K, Napierala-Mavedzenge S, Gaydos CA, et al. The uptake and accuracy of oral kits for HIV self-testing in high HIV prevalence setting: a crosssectional feasibility study in Blantyre, Malawi. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1001102.
24. Ganguli I, Bassett IV, Dong KL, Walensky RP. Home testing for HIV infection in resource-limited settings. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2009; 6:217-223.
25. Merson MH, Feldman EA, Bayer R, Stryker J. Rapid self testing for HIV infection. Lancet 1997; 349:352-353.
26. Wright AA, Katz IT. Home testing for HIV. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:437-440.
27. Kuwane B, Appiah K, Felix M, Grant A, Churchyard G. Expanding HIV care in Africa: making men matter in Johannesburg. Lancet 2009; 374:1329.
28. Sweat M, Morin S, Celentano D, Mulawa M, Singh B, Mbwambo J, et al. Community-based intervention to increase HIV testing and case detection in people aged 16-32 years in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Thailand (NIMH Project Accept, HPTN 043): a randomised study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11:525-532.
29. Larson BA, Schnippel K, Ndibongo B, Xulu T, Brennan A, Long L, et al. Rapid point-of-care CD4 testing at mobile HIV testing sites to increase linkage to care: an evaluation of a pilot program in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 61:e13-e17.
30. Hyle EP, Jani IV, Lehe J, Su AE, Wood R, Quevedo J, et al. The clinical and economic impact of point-of-care CD4 testing in Mozambique and other resource-limited settings: a cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001725.
31. Jani IV, Sitoe NE, Alfai ER, Chongo PL, Quevedo JI, Rocha BM, et al. Effect of point-of-care CD4 cell count tests on retention of patients and rates of antiretroviral therapy initiation in primary health clinics: an observational cohort study. Lancet 2011; 378:1572-1579.
32. Wynberg E, Cooke G, Shroufi A, Reid SD, Ford N. Impact of point-of-care CD4 testing on linkage to HIV care: a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc 2014; 17:18809.
33. Decroo T, Rasschaert F, Telfer B, Remartinez D, Laga M, Ford N. Community-based antiretroviral therapy programs can overcome barriers to retention of patients and decongest health services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Int Health 2013; 5:169-179.
34. McCollum ED, Preidis GA, Kabue MM, Singogo EBM, Mwansambo C, Kazembe PN, et al. Task shifting routine inpatient pediatric HIV testing improves program outcomes in urban Malawi: a retrospective observational study. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9626.
35. Nyondo AL, Choko AT, Chimwaza AF, Muula AS. Invitation cards during pregnancy enhance male partner involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Blantyre, Malawi: a randomized controlled open label trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119273.
36. Gaolathe T, Wirth KE, Holme MP, Makhema J, Moyo S, Chakalisa U, et al. Botswana's progress toward achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90-90-90 antiretroviral therapy and virological suppression goals: a population-based survey. Lancet HIV 2016; 3:e221-e230.
37. UNAIDS. Access to antiretroviral therapy in Africa, 2013. Status Rep Prog Towar 2015 targets.2013, 1-10.
38. Barth RE, van der Loeff MFS, Schuurman R, Hoepelman AIM, Wensing AMJ. Virological follow-up of adult patients in antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2010; 10:155-166.
39. Haber N, Chimbindi N, Herbst K, Tanser F, Pillay D, Barnighausen T. Longitudinal HIV treatment cascade in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. International AIDS Conference. Melbourne, Australia; 2014. p. Poster TUPE426.
40. Johnson LF. Access to antiretroviral treatment in South Africa, 2004-2011. South Afr J HIV Med 2012; 13:22-27.
41. Johnson L. THEMBISA version 1.0: a model for evaluating the impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Cape Town: Centre for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town; 2014.
42. UNAIDS. Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2012 South Africa; 2012 http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/ documents//ce-ZA-Narrative-Report.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2016].
43. National Department of Health. TIER T1 and T2 ART Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation Plan.National Department of Health; 2011.
44. Young T, Galloway M. Integrated systems analysis of cliniclaboratory interface: understanding the nature and limitation of the preanalytical and postanalytical phases of specialist laboratory tests at South African primary healthcare clinics.2010.
45. MacLeod W, Bor J, Crawford K, Carmona S. Spatial clustering analysis of viral load suppression by South African province, district, sub-district and facility (April 2014-March 2015).National Department of Health; 2015.