A view from a cave: Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia, Southeastern Spain). Reflections on fire, technological diversity, environmental exploitation, and palaeoanthropological approaches

Human Evolution

Volumn 31, Issue 1-2, 2016, Pages 1-67

  Walker, M J ^a,b   Anesin, D ^c   Angelucci, D ^b   Aviles Fernandez A ^d   Berna, F ^b   Buitrago Lopez A T ^a   Carrion J S ^e   Eastham, A ^f   Fernandez Jalvo Y ^b   Fernandez Jimenez S ^a   Garcia Torres J ^a   Haber Uriarte, M ^a   Lopez Jimenez A ^b   Lopez Martinez M V ^b   Martin Lerma I ^a,b   Ortega Rodriganez J ^g   Polo Camacho, J L ^h   Rhodes, S E ⁱ   Richter, D ^j,k,l   Rodriguez Estrella T ^m   Romero Sanchez G ⁿ   San Nicolas Del Toro M ^o   Schwenninger, J L ^b   Skinner, A R ^a   Van Der Made, J ^a   Zack, W ^a   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA   (Spain)

^b University of Trento ^*  (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO   (Italy)

^d SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e Cleddau Laboratory for Archaeozoological Analysis   (United Kingdom)

^f CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA   (Spain)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^h MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY   (Germany)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

^j LEUPHANA UNIVERSITY OF LÜNEBURG   (Germany)

^k TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA   (Spain)

^l Bienes Culturales   (Spain)

^m UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

ⁿ WILLIAMS COLLEGE   (United States)

^o MUSEO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS NATURALES   (Spain)

more..

Author keywords

Cognitive versatility; Cueva negra del estrecho del rA o quA par; Environment; Fire; Late early pleistocene; Modes A I; Palaeolithic

Indexed keywords

EID: 85012117675     PISSN: 03939375     EISSN: 1824310X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14673/HE2016121014     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Agustí, J., Blain, H-A., Furió, M., de Marfá, R., & Santos-Cubedo, A. (2010). The Early Pleistocene Small Vertebrate Succession from the Orce Region (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) and its Bearing on the First Human Occupation of Europe. Quaternary International, 223-224: 162-169.
2. Agustí, J., Lozano-Fernández, I., Oms, O., Piñero, P., Firió, M., Blain, H-A., López-García, J.M., & Martínez-Navarro, B. (2015). Early to Middle Pleistocene Rodent Biostratigraphy of the Guadix- Baza Basin (SE Spain). Quaternary International, 389: 139-147.
3. Alperson-Afil, N., & Goren-Inbar, N. (Eds.). (2010). The Acheulian Site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Volume II. Ancient Flames and Controlled Use of Fire. London: Springer.
4. Alperson-Afil, N. (2012). Archaeology of Fire: Methodological Aspects of Reconstructing Fire History of Prehistoric Archaeological Sites. Earth-Science Reviews, 113: 111-119.
5. Andrews, P. (1990). Owls, Caves and Fossils. Predation, Preservation and Accumulation of Small Mammal Bones in Caves, with an Analysis of Faunas from Westbury-Sub-Mendip, Somerset, U.K. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6. Angelucci, D.E, Anesin, D., López Martínez, M., Haber Uriarte, M., Rodríguez Estrella, T., & Walker, M.J. (2013). Rethinking Stratigraphy and Site Formation of the Pleistocene Deposit at Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Quípar (Caravaca de la Cruz, Spain). Quaternary Science Reviews, 80: 196-199.
7. Arzarello, M., Pavia, G., Peretto, C., Petronio, C., & Sardella, R. (2012). Evidence of an Early Pleistocene Hominin Presence at Pirro Nord (Apricena, Foggia, Southern Italy): P13 Site. Quaternary International, 267: 56-62.
8. Bailey, G.N. (1983). Concepts of Time in Quaternary Prehistory. Annual Review of Anthropology, 12: 165-92.
9. Balter, V., Blichert-Toft, J., Braga, J., Telouk, P., Thackeray, F., & Albarède, F. (2008). U-Pb Dating of Fossil Enamel from the Swartkrans Pleistocene Hominid Site, South Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 267: 236-246.
10. Barsky, D. (2009). An Overview of Some African and Eurasian Oldowan Sites: Evaluation of Hominin Cognitive Levels, Technological Advancement and Adaptive Skills. In E. Hovers and D.R. Braun (Eds.), Interdsciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan (pp.39-47). Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series. Dordrecht: Springer.
11. Barsky, D., Garcia, J., Martínez, K., Sala, R., Zaidner, Y., Carbonell, E., & Toro-Moyano, I. (2013). Flake Modification in European Early and Early-Middle Pleistocene Stone Tool Assemblages. Quaternary International, 316: 140-154.
12. Bellomo, R.V. (1993). A Methodological Approach for Identifying Archaeological Evidence of Fire Resulting from Human Activities. Journal of Archaeological Science, 20: 525-555.
13. Berna, F., Goldberg, P., Horwitz, L.K., Brink, J., Holt, S., Bamford, M., & Chazan, M. (2012). Microstratigraphic Evidence of In Situ Fire in the Acheulean Strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 109: 7593-7594.
14. Black, D., Teilhard de Chardin, P., Young, C.C., & Pei, W.C. (1933). Fossil Man in China. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of China, Series A, 11: 1-166.
15. Boëda, E. (1994). Le Concept Levallois: Variabilité Des Méthodes. Centre de Recherches Archéologiques, Monographie 9. Paris: Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
16. Boëda, E., Geneste, J.-M., & Meignen, L. (1990). Identification de ChaÎnes Opératoires Lithiques du Paléolithique Ancien et Moyen. Paléo, 2: 43-80.
17. Bonifay, M. F. (1971). Carnivores Quaternaires du Sud-Est de la France. Mémoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Nouvelle Série. Série C. Sciences de la Terre, 21 (2): 1-370.
18. Botella López, M.C., Marqués Merelo, I., de Benito Ontañón, A., Ruiz Rodríguez, A.C., & Delgado Ruiz, M.T. (1976). La Excavación y sus Resultados Arqueológicos. In M.C. Botella López, J.A. Vera Torres and J. de Porta Vernet (Eds.), El Yacimiento Achelense de la "Solana del Zamborino, " Fonelas (Granada) (Primera campaña de excavaciones) (pp. 23-49). Cuadernos de Prehistoria de la Universidad de Granada, 1: 1-49.
19. Brain, C.K. (1990). The Hunters or the Hunted An Introduction to African Cave Taphonomy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. Brantingham, P.J. (2003). A Neutral Model of Stone Raw Material Procurement. American Antiquity, 68: 487-509.
21. Brantingham, P.J. (2006). Measuring Forager Mobility. Current Anthropology, 47: 435-459.
22. Carbonell, E., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., Arsuaga, J.L., Díez, J.C., Rosas, A., Cuenca-Bescós, G., Sala, R., Mosquera, M., & Rodríguez, X.P. (1995). Lower Pleistocene Hominids and Artifacts from Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain). Science, 69: 826-830.
23. Carbonell, E., García-Antón, M., Mallol, C., Mosquera, M., Ollé, A., Rodríguez, X.P., Sahnouni, M., Sala, R., & Vergès, J.M. (1999). The TD6 Level Lithic Industry from Gran Dolina, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain): Production and Use. Journal of Human Evolution, 37: 653-693.
24. Carbonell, E., & Rodríguez, X.P. (2006). The First Human Settlement of Mediterranean Europe. Comptes Rendus Palévol, 5: 291-298.
25. Carbonell, E., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., Parés, J.M., Pérez-González, A., Cuenca-Bescós, G., Ollé, A., Mosquera, M., Huguet, R., van der Made, J., Rosas, A., Sala, R., Vallverdú, J., García, N., Granger, A., Martiñón-Torres, M., Rodríguez, X.P., Stock, G.M., Vergès, J.M., Allue, E., Burjachs, F., Cáceres, I., Canals, A., Benito, A., Lozano, C.D.M., Mateos, A., Navazo, M., Rodríguez, J., Rosell, J., & Arsuaga, J.L. (2008). The First Hominin of Europe. Nature, 452: 465-469.
26. Carbonell, E., Sala, R., Barsky, D., & Celiberto, V. (2009). From Homogeneity to Multiplicity: A New Approach to the Study of Archaic Stone Tools. In E. Hovers and D.R. Braun (Eds.), Interdsciplinary Approaches To The Oldowan (pp.25-37). Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series. Dordrecht: Springer.
27. Carbonell, E., Vallverdú Poch, J., & Courty, M-A. (2010). Le Cadre Paléoenvironnemental et Culturel des Premières Occupations Humaines d'Europe: Le Karst de la Sierra d'Atapuerca (Burgos, Espagne). In Résumés, "GéoKARST: Regards Croisés des Géosciences sur le Karst" (p.12). Séance Spécialisée FFG-AFEQ-AFK-CNF-INQUA. 9 Décembre 2010. Paris: Société Géologique de France.
28. Carrión, J.S., Yll, E.I., Walker, M.J., Legaz, A.J., Chain, C., & López, A. (2003). Glacial Refugia of Temperate, Mediterranean and Ibero-North African Flora in South-Eastern Spain: New Evidence from Cave Pollen at Two Neanderthal Man Sites. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 12: 119-129.
29. Clark, J.G.D. (1969). World Prehistory. A New Outline. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30. Clark, J.G.D. (1970). Aspects of Prehistory. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
31. Clarke, D.L. (1968). Analytical Archaeology. London: Methuen.
32. Crovetto, C. (1994). Le Industrie Litiche. Analisi Tecnico-Tipologica dei Reperti di Scavo. In C. Peretto (Ed.), Le Industrie Litiche Del Giacimento Paleolitico Di Isernia La Pineta, La Tipologia, Le Tracce Di Utilizzazione, La Sperimentazione (pp. 183-353). Isernia: Istituto Regionale per gli Studi Storici del Molise 'V. Cuoco, ' Cosmo Iannone.
33. Crovetto, C., Ferrari, M., Peretto, C., Longo, L., & Vianello, F. (1994). The Carinated Denticulates from the Palaeolithic Site of Isernia La Pineta (Molise, Central Italy): Tools or Flaking Waste The Results of the 1993 Lithic Experiments. Human Evolution, 9: 175-207.
34. Crovetto, C., Ferrari, M., Peretto, C., & Vianello, F. (1994). Le Industrie Litiche. La Scheggiatura, Descrizione degli Insiemi, i Rimontaggi. In C. Peretto (Ed.), Le Industrie Litiche Del Giacimento Paleolitico Di Isernia La Pineta, La Tipologia, Le Tracce Di Utilizzazione, La Sperimentazione (pp. 87-118 ). Isernia: Istituto Regionale per gli Studi Storici del Molise 'V. Cuoco, ' Cosmo Iannone.
35. Cuenca-Bescós, G., & García, N. (2007). Biostratigraphic Succession of the Early and Middle Pleistocene Mammal Faunas of the Atapuerca Cave Sites (Burgos, Spain). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 259: 99-110.
36. Cuenca-Bescós, G., Laplana, C., & Canudo, J.I. (1999). Biochronological Implications of the Arvicolidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Lower Pleistocene Hominid-Bearing Level of Trinchera Dolina 6 (TD6, Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 37: 353-373.
37. Cuenca Bescós, G., Agustí, J., Lira, J., Melero Rubio, M., & Rofes, J. (2010a). A New Species of Water Vole from the Early Pleistocene of Southern Europe. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55: 565-580.
38. Cuenca-Bescós, G., Rofes, J., López-García, J.M., Blain, H-A., de Marfá, R.J., Galindo-Pellicena, M.A., Bennásar-Serra, M.L., Melero-Rubio, M., Arsuaga, J.L., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., & Carbonell, E. (2010b). Biochronology of Spanish Quaternary Small Vertebrate Faunas. Quaternary International, 212: 109-119.
39. Cuenca-Payá, A., & Walker, M.J. (1986). Palaeoclimatological Oscillations in Continental Upper Pleistocene and Holocene Formations in Alicante and Murcia. In F. López-Vera (Ed.), Quaternary Climate In Western Mediterranean, Proceeding of the Symposium on Climate Fluctuations during the Quaternary in the Western Mediterranean Regions (pp. 365-376). Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
40. Cuenca-Payá, A., Pomery, P.J., & Walker, M.J. (1986). Chronological Aspects of the Middle Pleistocene in the Coastal Belt of Southeastern Spain. In F. López-Vera (Ed.), Quaternary Climate in Western Mediterranean, Proceeding of the Symposium on Climate Fluctuations during the Quaternary in the Western Mediterranean Regions (pp. 353-363). Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
41. David, B. (1990). How Was This Bone Burnt In S. Slomon, I. Davidson and D. Watson (Eds.), Problem Solving in Taphonomy: Archaeological and Palaeontological Studies from Europe, Africa and Oceania (pp. 65-79). Tempus: Archaeology And Material Culture Studies in Anthropology, 2. Anthropology Museum. Saint Lucia: University of Queensland.
42. de la Torre, I., & Mora, R. (2005). Technological Strategies in the Lower Pleistocene at Olduvai Beds I & II. Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l'Université de Liège E.R.A.U.L. n. 112. Liège: Service de Préhistoire de l'Université de Liège.
43. de la Torre, I., & Mora, R. (2009). Remarks on the Current Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Early Technological Strategies in Eastern Africa. In E. Hovers and D.R. Braun (Eds.), Interdsciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan (pp. 15-24). Dordrecht: Springer.
44. de la Torre, I., Mora, R., Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., de Luque, L., & Alcalá, L. (2003). The Oldowan Industry of Peninj and its Bearing on the Reconstruction of the Technological Skills of Lower Pleistocene Hominids. Journal of Human Evolution, 44: 203-224.
45. de Lumley, H., Barsky, D., & Cauche, D. (2009). Archaic Stone Industries from East Africa and Southern Europe. Pre-Oldowan and Oldowan. In K. Schick and N. Toth (Eds.), The Cutting Edge: New Approaches To The Archaeology Of Human Origins (pp. 55-91). Stone Age Institute Publication Series Number 3. Gosport, Indiana: Stone Age Institute Press.
46. de Lumley, H., Falguères, C., Michel, V., Yokoyama, Y., Shen, G., Pollet, G., Roussel, B., Valensi, P., Fauquembergue, E., Frégier, C., Magnaldi, B., & Percic, P. (2009). Datations des Formations Pléistocènes du Site Acheuléen de Terra Amata. In de Lumley (Ed.), Terra Amata Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France, Tome I. Cadre Géographique, Historique, Contexte Géologique, Stratigraphie, Sédimentologie, Datation (pp. 469-486). Paris: CNRS Éditions.
47. Debénath, A., & Dibble, H.L. (1994). Handbook of Paleolithic Typology. Volume One. Lower and Middle Paleolithic of Europe. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
48. Duval, M., Falguères, C., & Bahain, J-J. (2012). Age of the Oldest Hominin Settlements in Spain: Contribution of the Combined U-series/ESR Dating Method applied to Fossil Teeth. Quaternary Geochronology, 10: 412-417.
49. Eastham, A. (2005). Papageno Down the Ages: A Study in Fowling Methods, with Particular Reference to the Palaeolithic of Western Europe. Munibe 57: 369-397.
50. Fajardo, B. (2009). The Oldest Occupation of Europe: Evidence from Southern Spain. In K. Schick and N. Toth (Eds.), The Cutting Edge: New Approaches to the Archaeology of Human Origins (pp. 115- 136). Stone Age Institute, Publication Series Number 3. Gosport, Indiana: Stone Age Institute Press.
51. Féblot-Augustins, J. (1993). Mobility Strategies in the Late Middle Palaeolithic of Central Europe and Western Europe: Elements of Stability and Variability. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 12: 211-265.
52. Féblot-Augustins, J. (1997). La Circulation Des Matières Premières Au Paléolithique. Synthèse Des Données - Perspectives Comportementales. Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l'Université de Liège, E.R.A.U.L. n. 75. Liège: Service de Préhistoire de l'Université de Liège.
53. Ferrández-Cañadell, C., & Gibert, L. (2015). Introducción. Cueva Victoria, un Yacimiento de Vertebrados del Pleistoceno Inferior. Mastia, Revista del Museo Arqueólogico Municipal de Cartagena "Enrique Escudero de Castro" (número monográfico, Ferrández-Cañadell, C., Gibert, L., Eds., Geología y Palaeontología de Cueva Victoria), 11-12-13 (2012-2013-2014): 17-45.
54. Fischer, K.H. (1965). Bisonreste (Bison schoetensacki voigtstedtensis ssp. n.) aus den Altpleistozänen Tonen von Voigstsedt in Thüringen. Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Abteilung A, 2(2-3): 363-378.
55. Fonseca-Azevedo, K., & Herculano-Houzel, S. (2012). Metabolic Constraint Imposes Trade-off between Body Size and Number of Brain Neurons in Human Evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 109: 18571-18576.
56. García, N., & Arsuaga, J.L. (1999). Carnivores from the Early Pleistocene Hominid-Bearing Trinchera Dolina 6 (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 37: 415-430.
57. Garcia, J., Martínez, K., & Carbonell, E. (2011). Continuity of the First Human Occupation in the Iberian Peninsula: Closing the Archaeological Gap. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 10: 279-284.
58. Garcia, J., Martínez, K., Carbonell, E., Agustí, J., & Burjachs, F. (2012). Defending the Early Human Occupation of Vallparadís (Barcelona, Iberian Peninsula): A Reply to Madurell-Malapeira et al. Journal of Human Evolution, 63: 568-575.
59. García-Aguilar, J.M., Guerra-Merchán, A., Serrano, F., Flores-Moya, A., Delgado-Huertas, A., Espigares, M.P., Ros-Montoya, S., Martínez-Navarro, B., & Palmqvist, P. (2015). A Reassessment of the Evidence for Hydrothermal Activity in the Neogene-Quaternary Lacustrine Environments of the Baza Basin (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain) and its Paleoecological Implications. Quaternary Science Reviews, 112: 230-235.
60. Geneste, M. (1985). Analyse Lithique D'Industries Moustériennes Du Périgord: Une Approche Technologique Du Comportement Des Groupes Humaines Au Paléolithique Moyen. Bodeaux: Thèse, Université de Bordeaux.
61. Gibbon, R.J., Pickering, T.R., Sutton, M.B., Heaton, J.L., Kuman, K., Clarke, R. J., Brain, C.K., & Granger, D.E. (2014). Cosmogenic Nuclide Burial Dating of Hominin-Bearing Pleistocene Cave Deposits at Swartkrans, South Africa. Quaternary Geochronology, 24: 10-15.
62. Gibert, J., Gibert, L., Iglesias, A., & Maestro, E. (1998). Two 'Oldowan' Assemblages in the Plio- Pleistocene Deposits of the Orce Region, SE Spain. Antiquity, 72: 17-25.
63. Goldberg, P., Weiner, S., Bar-Yosef, O., Xu, Q., & Liu, J. (2001). Site Formation Processes at Zhoukoudian, China. Journal of Human Evolution, 41: 483-530.
64. González Hernández, G.M., Goy, J.L., & Zazo, C. (1997). Evolución Geomorfológica de la Cuenca de Caravaca (Murcia): El Resultado de un Cambio en la Red de Drenaje Durante el Pleistoceno Medio. Geogaceta, 21: 121-124.
65. Goren-Inbar, N., Alperson, A., Kislev, M.E., Simchoni, O., Melamed, Y., Ben-Nun, A., & Werker, E. (2004). Evidence of Hominin Control of Fire at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Science, 304: 725- 727.
66. Gowlett, J.A.J., Harris, J.W.K., Walton, D., & Wood, B.A. (1981). Early Archaeological Sites, Hominid Remains and Traces of Fire from Chesowanja, Kenya. Nature, 294: 125-129.
67. Gowlett, J.A.J., Hallos, J., Hounsell, S., Brant, V., & Debenham, N.C. (2005). Beeches Pit: Archaeology, Assemblage Dynamics and Early Fire History of a Middle Pleistocene Site in East Anglia, UK. Eurasian Prehistory, 3: 3-38.
68. Herries, A.I.R., Curnoe, D., & Adams, J.W. (2009). A Multi-Disciplinary Seriation of Early Homo and Paranthropus Bearing Palaeocaves in Southern Africa. Quaternary International, 202: 14-28.
69. Hofman, J.L. (1986). Vertical Movement of Artifacts in Alluvial and Stratified Deposits. Current Anthropology, 27: 163-171.
70. Ibargüen-Soler, J., & Rodríguez-Estrella, T. (1996). Peligrosidad Sísmica en la Región de Murcia. In J. Chacón-Montero and C. Irigaray-Fernández (Eds.), Sexto Congreso Nacional y Conferencia Internacional de Geología Ambiental y Ordenación del Territorio Volumen II (pp. 407-425). Granada: Universidad de Granada.
71. Inizan, M.-L., Reduron-Ballinger, M., Roche, H., & Tixier, J. (1999). Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. Préhistoire de la Pierre Taillée Tome 5. Nanterre: CREP Cercle de Recherches et d'Études Préhistoriques.
72. Isaac, G.L., Harris, J.W.K., & Marshall, F. (1981). Small Is Informative: The Application of the Study of Mini-Sites and Least Effort Criteria in the Interpretation of the Early Pleistocene Archaeological Record at Koobi Fora, Kenya. In D. Clark and G.L. Isaac (Eds.), Comisión VII Las Industrias Más Antiguas Pre-Acheulense Y Acheulense, Unión Internacional de Ciencias Prehistóricas y Protohistóricas, X Congreso, México D.F, Octubre 19-24, 1981 (pp. 101-119). México D.F: Union International des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques.
73. James, S.R. (1989). Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. Current Anthropology, 30: 1-26.
74. Jiménez-Arenas, J.M., Santonja, M., Botella, M., & Palmqvist, P. (2011). The Oldest Handaxes in Europe: Fact or Artefact Journal of Archaeological Science, 38: 3340-3349.
75. Karkanas, P., Shahack-Gross, R., Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Barkai, R., Frumkin, A., Gopher, A., & Stiner, M.C. (2007). Evidence for Habitual Use of Fire at the End of the Lower Paleolithic: Site Formation Processes at Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Human Evolution, 53: 197-212.
76. Laj, C., & Channell, J.E.T. (2007). Geomagnetic Excursions. In G. Schubert (Editor-in-chief), Treatise on Geophysics, Vol. 5 Geomagnetism (pp. 373-416). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
77. Leakey, M.D. (1971). Olduvai Gorge. Volume 3. Excavations in Beds I and II, 1960-1963. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
78. Leakey, M.D., & Roe, D.A. (1995). Olduvai Gorge. Volume 5. Excavations in Beds III, IV and the Masek Beds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
79. López-Jiménez, A. (doctoral thesis in preparation). Los Micromamíferos del Yacimiento de Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quipar.
80. Lozano-Fernández, I., Bañuls-Cardona, S., Blain, H-A., López-García, J.M., Vallverdú, J., Agustí, J., & Cuenca-Bescós, G. (2014). Biochronological Data Inferred from the Early Pleistocene Small Mammals of the Barranc de la Boella Site (Tarragona, North-Eastern Spain). Journal of Quaternary Science, 29: 722-728.
81. Luedtke, B.E. (1992). An Archaeologist's Guide to Chert and Flint. Archaeological Research Tools 7. Los Angeles: UCLA Institute of Archaeology.
82. Mallol, C. (1999). The Selection of Lithic Raw Materials in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene Levels TD6 and TD10A of Gran Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Journal of Anthropological Research, 55: 385-407.
83. Martínez, K., García, J., Carbonell, E., Agustí, J., Bahain, J.-J., Blain, H.-A., Burjachs, F., Cáceres, I., Duval, M., Falguères, C., Gómez, M., & Huguet, R. (2010). A New Lower Pleistocene Archaeological Site in Europe (Vallparadís, Barcelona, Spain). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 107: 5262-5267.
84. Martínez Andreu, M., Montes Bernárdez, R., & San Nicolás del Toro, M. (1989). Avance al Estudio del Yacimiento Musteriense de la Cueva Negra de La Encarnación (Caravaca, Murcia). In Crónica XIX Congreso Nacional de Arqueología, Castellón de la Plana 1987, Ponencias y Comunicaciones Volumen I (pp. 973-983). Congresos Arqueológicos Nacionales, Secretariado de los Congresos Arqueológicos Nacionales, Seminario de Arqueología. Saragossa: Universidad de Zaragoza.
85. Martínez-Navarro, B., Turq, A., Agustí, J., & Oms, O. (1997). Fuente Nueva-3 (Orce, Granada, Spain) and the First Human Occupation of Europe. Journal of Human Evolution, 33: 611-620.
86. Mellars, P. (1996). The Neanderthal Legacy. An Archaeological Perspective from Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
87. Minwer-Barakat, R., Madurell-Malapeira, J., Alba, D.M., Aurell-Garrido, J., de Esteban-Trivigno, S., & Moyà-Solà, S. (2011). Pleistocene Rodents from the Torrent de Vallparadís Section (Terrassa, Northeastern Spain) and Biochronological Implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31: 849-865.
88. Odell, G.H. (2003). Lithic Analysis. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory, and Technique. New York: Springer.
89. Oms, O., Parés, J.M., Martínez-Navarro, B., Agustí, J., Toro, I., Martínez-Fernández, G., & Turq, A. (2000). Early Human Occupation of Western Europe: Paleomagnetic Dates for Two Paleolithic Sites in Spain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97: 10667-10670.
90. Parés, J.M., Peréz-González, A., Rosas, A., Benito, A., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., Carbonell, E., & Huguet, R. (2006). Matuyama-Age Lithic Tools from the Sima del Elefante Site, Atapuerca (Northern Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 50: 163-169.
91. Pei, W.C. (1931). Notice on the Discovery of Quartz and other Stone Artifacts in the Lower Pleistocene Hominid-Bearing Sediments of the Chou Kou Tien Cave Deposit. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 11: 110-141.
92. Peretto, C. (Ed.). (1994). Le Industrie Litiche del Giacimento Paleolitico di Isernia la Pineta, la Tipologia, le Tracce di Utilizzazione, la Sperimentazione. Cosmo Iannone, Isernia: Istituto Regionale per gli Studi Storici del Molise 'V. Cuoco'.
93. Peretto, C., Arzarello, M., Gallotti, R., Lembo, G., Minelli, A., & Hohenstein, U.T. (2004). Middle Pleistocene Behavioural Strategies: The Contribution of Isernia La Pineta (Molise, Italy). In E. Baquedano and S. Rubio Jara (Eds.), Miscelánea en Homenaje a Emiliano Aguirre Volumen IV Arqueología (pp. 368-381). Zona Arqueológica Número 4. Alcalá de Henares: Museo Arqueológico Regional.
94. Piperno, M., Collina, C., Gallotti, R., Raynal, J-P., Kieffer, G., Le Bourdonnec, F-X., Poupeau, G., & Geraads, G. (2009). Obsidian Exploitation and Utilization during the Oldowan at Melka Kunture (Ethiopia). In E. Hovers and D.R. Braun (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan (pp. 111-128). Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series. Dordrecht: Springer.
95. Potts, R. (1988). Early Hominid Actvities at Olduvai. New York: Aldine-de Gruyter.
96. Preece, R.C., Gowlett, J.A.J., Parfitt, S.A., Bridgland, D.R., & Lewis, S.G. (2006). Humans in the Hoxnian: Habitat, Context and Fire Use at Beeches Pit, West Stow, Suffolk, UK. Journal of Quaternary Science, 21: 485-496.
97. Richter, D. (2007). Feuer und Stein - Altersbestimmung von Steinzeitlichem Feuerstein mit Thermolumineszenz. In G.A. Wagner (Ed.), Einführung in die Archäometrie (pp. 33-49). Berlin: Springer.
98. Richter, D., Alperson-Afil, N., & Goren-Inbar, N. (2011). Employing TL Methods for the Verification of Macroscopically Determined Heat Alteration of Flint Artefacts from Palaeolithic Contexts. Archaeometry, 53: 842-857.
99. Rhodes, S.E. (2014). Evidence for Opportunistic Fire Use during the Late Early Palaeolithic at Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Rio Quipar, Murcia, Spain: A Micro Mammal Taphonomic Approach. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis. Toronto: University of Toronto.
100. Rhodes, S.E., Walker, M.J., López-Martínez, M., Haber-Uriarte, M., López-Jiménez, M. (2014). Evidence for Cultivated Fire during the Late Early Paleolithic in Southeastern Spain: Preliminary Results from a Micromammal Taphonomic Approach. Podium Presentation, 12th International Conference of the International Council on ArchaeoZoology ICAZ. September 22-27 2014. San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina.
101. Rhodes, S.E., Walker, M.J., López-Martínez, M., Haber-Uriarte, M., & López-Jiménez, A. (2014). Evidence for Cultivated Fire during the Late Early Paleolithic in Southeastern Spain: Preliminary Results from a Micromammal Taphonomic Approach. Poster Presented at 12th International Conference of the International Council on ArchaeoZoology ICAZ. September 22-27 2014. San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina.
102. Rhodes, S.E., Walker, M.J., López-Jiménez, A., López-Martínez, M., Haber-Uriarte, M., & Chazan, M. (Submitted in 2015 for publication). Fire in the Early Palaeolithic: Evidence of Small Mammal Incidental Burning at Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar. Journal of Archaeological Science.
103. Roebroeks, W., & Villa, P. (2011). Supporting Information (doi 10.1073/pnas1018116108). On the Earliest Evidence for the Habitual Use of Fire in Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108: 5209-5214.
104. Rosas, A., Huguet, R., Pérez-González, A., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., Vallverdú, J., van der Made, J., Allué, E., García, N., Martínez-Pérez, R., Rodríguez, J., Sala, R., Saladie, P., Benito, A., Martínez- Maza, C., Bastir, M., Sánchez, A., & Parés, J.M. (2006). The "Sima del Elefante" Cave Site at Atapuerca (Spain). Estudios Geológicos, 61: 327-248.
105. Rouse, I. (1939). Prehistory in Haiti, A Study in Method. Yale University Publications in Anthropology Number 21. New Haven: Yale University.
106. Rouse, I. (1960). The Classification of Artifacts in Archaeology. American Antiquity, 25: 313-323.
107. Rowlett, R.M. (1999). Did the Use of Fire for Cooking Lead to a Diet Change that Resulted in the Expansion of Brain Size in Homo erectus from that of Australopithecus africanus Science, 284: 741.
108. Rowlett, R.M. (2000). Fire Control by Homo erectus in East Africa and Asia. Acta Anthropologica Sinica (Supplement), 19: 98-208.
109. Ruiz Bustos, A. (1991). Primeros Datos Sobre la Fauna de Roedores del Yacimiento del Pleistoceno de Plines-1 (Cuenca de Granada, Cordilleras Béticas). Geogaceta, 10: 17-19.
110. Ruiz Bustos, A., & Sesé, C. (1985). Evolución de los Géneros Mimomys, Arvicola y Allophaiomys (Arvicolidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) en el Plioceno y Pleistoceno de la Península Ibérica. Estudios Geológicos, 41: 99-103.
111. Ruiz Bustos, A., & Pérez López, A.R. (1992). Geología y Fauna de los Yacimientos Kársticos de Atalaya y Artesa (Cuenca de Granada, Cordillera Bética). Geogaceta, 12: 57-60.
112. San Nicolás del Toro, M. (1982). La Investigación Arqueológica en Caravaca (Síntesis). Caravaca: Instituto Municipal de Cultura.
113. Scott, G.R., & Gibert, L. (2009). The Oldest Hand-Axes in Europe. Nature, 461: 82-85.
114. Shahack-Gross, R., Berna, F., Karkanas, P., Lemorini, C., Gopher, A., & Barkai, R. (2014). Evidence for the Repeated Use of a Central Hearth at Middle Pleistocene (300 ky Ago) Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science, 44: 12-21.
115. Schön, W. (2012). Veränderungen an Steinartefakten durch Wind, Hitze und Frost. In H. Floss (Ed.), Steinartefakte vom Altpaläolithikum bis in die Neuzeit (pp. 101-104.). Tübingen Studies in Prehistory. Tübingen: Kerns Verlag.
116. Shea, J.J. (2013). Lithic Modes A-I: A New Framework for Describing Global-Scale Variation in Stone Tool Technology Illustrated with Evidence from the East Mediterranean Levant. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 20: 151-186.
117. Shea, J.J. (2014). Sink the Mousterian Named Stone Tool Industries (NASTIES) as Obstacles to Investigating Hominin Evolutionary Relationships in the Later Middle Paleolithic Levant. Quaternary International, 350: 169-179.
118. Shen, G., Gao, X., Gao, B., & Granger, D.E. (2009). Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus Determined with 26Al/10Be Burial Dating. Nature, 458: 198-200.
119. Skinner, A.R., Lloyd, J.L., Brain, C.K., & Thackeray, F. (2004). Electron Spin Resonance and the Controlled Use of Fire. Abstract A26a Poster Session. March 30th 2004. Paleoanthropology Society Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada.
120. Smith, K.T., Maul, L.C., Barkai, R., & Gopher, A. (2013). To Catch a Chameleon, or Actualism vs. Natural History in the Taphonomy of the Microvertebrate Fraction at Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40: 3326-3339.
121. Stein, J. (Ed.). (1981). Random House Dictionary of the English Language. The Unabridged Edition. New York: Random House.
122. Stockton, E.D. (1973). Shaw's Creek Shelter: Human Displacement of Artefacts and its Significance. Mankind. Official Journal of the Anthropological Societies of Australia, 9: 112-117.
123. Teilhard de Chardin, P., & Pei, W.C. (1932). The Lithic Industry of the Sinanthropus Deposits at Choukoutien. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 11: 315-365.
124. Terradillos Bernal, M. (2010). El Paleolítico Inferior en la Meseta Norte, España: Sierra de Atapuerca, la Maya, el Basalito, San Quirce y Amrbona. Estudio Tecnológico y Experimental. BAR International Series 2155. Oxford: Archaeopress.
125. Toro-Moyano, I., de Lumley, H., Barrier, P., Barsky, D., Cauche, D., Celiberti, V., Grégoire, S., Lebègue, F., Mestour, B., & Moncel, M.-H. (2010). Les Industries Lithiques Archaïques de Barranco León et de Fuente Nueva 3. Orce, Bassin du Guadix-Baza, Andalousie. Paris: Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
126. Uberlaker, D.H. (1999). [2004]. Human Skeletal Remains. Excavation, Analysis, Interpretation. Manuals on Archeology 2. Washington DC: Taraxacum.
127. Vallverdú, J., Saladié, P., Rosas, A., Huguet, R., Cáceres, I., Mosquera, M., Garcia-Tabernero, A., Es talrrich, A., Lozano-Fernández, I., Pineda-Alcalá, A., Carrancho, A., Villalaín, J.J., Bourlès, D., Braucher, R., Lebatard, A., Vilalta, J., Esteban-Nadal, M., Bennàsar, M.L., Bastir, M., López-Polín, L., Ollé, A., Vergé, J.M., Ros-Montoya, S., Martínez-Navarro, B., García, A., Martinell, J., Expósito, M., Burjachs, F., Agustí, J., & Carbonell, E. (2014). Age and Date for Early Arrival of the Acheulian in Europe (Barranc de la Boella, la Canonja, Spain). Public Library of Science, PLOS ONE, 9 (7): E103634.
128. Van der Made, J. (2010). The Rhinos from the Middle Pleistocene of Neumark Nord (Saxony-Anhalt). Veröffentlichungen des Landesamtes für Archeologie, 62 (Neumark-Nord - Ein Interglaziales Öksoystem des Mittelpaläolithischen Menschen): 432-527.
129. Van der Made, J. (2015a). The Latest Early Pleistocene Giant Deer Megaloceros novocarthaginiensis n. sp. and the Fallow Deer Dama cf. vallonnetensis from Cueva Victoria (Murcia, Spain). Mastia, Revista del Museo Arqueólogico Municipal de Cartagena "Enrique Escudero de Castro, " 11-12-13 (2012-2013-2014): 269-323.
130. Van der Made, J. (2015b). The Rhinoceros Stephanorhinus aff. etruscus from the Latest Early Pleistocene of Cueva Victoria (Murcia, Spain). Mastia, Revista del Museo Arqueólogico Municipal de Cartagena "Enrique Escudero de Castro, " 11-12-13 (2012-2013-2014): 359-383.
131. Van der Made, J., & Grube, R. (2010). The Rhinoceroses from Neumark-Nord and their Nutrition. In D. Höhne and W. Schwarz (Eds), Elefantentreich: Eine Fossilwelt in Europa; Begleitband zur Sonderausstellung im Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte Halle 26.03.-03.10.2010 (pp. 383-394).Halle: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archälogie Sachsen-Anhalt und Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte.
132. Van der Made, J., & Tong, H.W. (2008). Phylogeny of the Giant Deer with Palmate Brow Tines Megaloceros from West and Sinomegaceros from East Eurasia. Quaternary International, 179: 135-162.
133. Van der Made, J., Rosell, J., & Blasco, R. (in press). Faunas from Atapuerca at the Early-Middle Pleistocene Limit: The Ungulates from Level TD8 in the Context of Climatic Change. Quaternary International.
134. Van Peer, P. (1992). The Levallois Reduction Strategy. Monographs in World Archaeology 13. Madison: Prehistory Press.
135. Villa, P. (1983). Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene Archaeological Record of Southern France. University of California Publications in Anthropology Volume 13. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
136. Walker, M.J. (2009). Long-Term Memory and Middle Pleistocene Mysterians. In S.A. de Beaune, F.L. Coolidge and T. Wynn (Eds.), Cognitive Archaeology and Human Evolution (pp. 75-84). New York: Cambridge University Press.
137. Walker, M.J., Gibert, J., Eastham, A., Rodríguez-Estrella, T., Carrión, J.S., Yll, E.I., Legaz, A.J., López, A., López, M., & Romero, G. (2004). Neanderthals and their Landscapes: Middle Palaeolithic Land Use in the Segura Drainage Basin and Adjacent Areas of Southeastern Spain. In N.J. Conard (Ed.), Settlement Dynamics of the Middle Palaeolithic and Middle Stone Age, Volume 2 (pp. 461-511). Tübingen Publications in Prehistory 2. Tübingen: Kerns Verlag.
138. Walker, M.J., Rodríguez Estrella, T., Carrión García, J.S., Mancheño Jiménez, M.A., Schwenninger, J-L., López Martínez, M., López Jiménez, A., San Nicolás del Toro, M., Hills, M.D., & Walkling, T. (2006a). Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Murcia, Southeast Spain): An Acheulian and Levalloiso-Mousteroid Assemblage of Palaeolithic Artifacts Excavated in a Middle Pleistocene Faunal Context with Hominin Skeletal Remains. Eurasian Prehistory, 4: 3-43.
139. Walker, M.J., López-Martínez, M., & López-Jiménez, A. (2006b). Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Rí Quípar, La Encarnación, Caravaca de la Cruz. Memoria Sobre los Trabajos de Excavación e Investigación en los Años 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 y 2005 (p.148). Manuscript Memoir Lodged with the Directorate-General of Culture. Murcia: Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia.
140. Walker, M.J., López-Martínez, M., & López-Jiménez, A. (2006c). La Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar en La Encarnación, Caravaca de la Cruz: Campaña de 1999. Memorias de Arqueología, 14: 81- 94. Murcia: Servicio de Patrimonio Histórico, Dirección General de Cultura, Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia. ISBN 847564354X.
141. Walker, M.J., López-Martínez, M., López-Jiménez, A., Ortega-Rodrigáñez, J., & Avilés-Fernández, A. (2007). Cueva Negra 2006/2007 Informe de las Campañas de Excavación en 2006 y 2007 (p. 109). Manuscript Report Lodged with the Directorate-General of Culture. Murcia: Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia.
142. Walker, M.J., López-Martínez, M.V., Carrión-García, J.S., Rodríguez-Estrella, T., San-Nicolás-del- Toro, M., Schwenninger, J-L., López-Jiménez, A., Ortega-Rodrigáñez, J., Haber-Uriarte, M., Polo- Camacho, J-L., García-Torres, J., Campillo-Boj, M., Avilés-Fernández, A., & Zack, W. (2013). Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Murcia, Spain): A Late Early Pleistocene Site with an "Acheulo-Levalloiso-Mousteroid" Palaeolithic Assemblage. Quaternary International, 294: 135- 159.
143. Walker, M.J., Anesin, D., Angelucci, D.E., Avilés-Fernández, A., Berna, F., Buitrago-López, A.T., Fernández-Jalvo, Y., Haber-Uriarte, M., Martín-Lerma, I., López-Jiménez, A., López-Martínez, M., Ortega-Rodrigáñez, J., Polo-Camacho, J.L., Rhodes, S.E., Richter, D., Rodríguez-Estrella, T., Schwenninger, J-L., & Skinner, A.R. (in press). Findings, Context, and Significance of Combustion at the Late Early Pleistocene Palaeolithic Site of Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia, Spain). Antiquity.
144. Weiner, S., Xu, Q., Goldberg, P., Liu, J., & Bar-Yosef, O. (1998). Evidence for the Use of Fire at Zhoukoudian, China. Science, 281: 251-253.
145. White, M., & Pettitt, P. (1995). Technology of Early Palaeolithic Western Europe: Innovation, Variability and a Unified Framework. Lithics, 16: 27-40.
146. White, J.P., & Thomas, D.H. (1972). What Mean These Stones Ethno-Taxonomic Models and Archaeological Interpretations in the New Guinea Highlands. In D.L. Clarke (Ed.), Models In Archaeology (pp. 275-308). London: Methuen.
147. Wrangham, R. (2009). Catching Fire. How Cooking Made Us Human. New York: Basic Books; London: Profile Books.
148. Wrangham, R., & Conklin-Brittain, N.L. (2003). Cooking as a Biological Trait. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 136: 35-46.
149. Wu, X. (1999). Investigating the Possible Use of Fire at Zhoukoudian, China. Science, 283: 299.
150. Zack, W., Andronikov, A., Rodríguez-Estrella, T., López-Martínez, M., Haber-Uriarte, M., Holliday, V., Lauretta, D., & Walker, M.J. (2013). Stone Procurement and Transport at the Late Early Pleistocene Site of Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Murcia, SE Spain). Quartär, Internationales Jahrbuch zur Eiszeitalter und Steinzeitforschung, International Yearbook for Ice Age and Stone Age Research, 60: 7-28.
151. Zaidner, Y. (2013). Adaptive Flexibility of Oldowan Hominins: Secondary Use of Flakes at Bizat Ruhama, Israel. Public Library of Science, PLoSONE, 8 (6): E66851.
152. Zhong, M., Shi, C., Gao, X., Wu, X., Chen, F., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., & Olsen, J.W. (2013). On the Possible Use of Fire by Homo erectus at Zhoukoudian, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 59: 335-343.