Rheological and thermo-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal composites

ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 1711-1720

  Gupta, Anju ^a   Simmons, William ^a   Schueneman, Gregory T ^b   Hylton, Donald ^a   Mintz, Eric A ^a  

^a CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cellulose nanocrystal; Crystallinity; Dispersion; Film blowing; Mechanical properties; Percolation threshold

Indexed keywords

BIODEGRADABILITY; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; CELLULOSE; DISPERSION (WAVES); DISPERSIONS; DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; ELASTIC MODULI; FILLERS; LACTIC ACID; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALS; PERCOLATION (COMPUTER STORAGE); PERCOLATION (FLUIDS); SOLVENTS;

CELLULOSE NANO-CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLINITIES; DEGREE OF CRYSTALLINITY; FILM BLOWING; INTERFACIAL INTERACTION; PERCOLATION CONCENTRATIONS; PERCOLATION THRESHOLDS; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES;

CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES;

CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES; CRYSTALLINITY; FILLERS; LIGNINS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PERCOLATION; RHEOLOGY;

EID: 85011632656     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21680485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02458     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Wool, R.; Sun, X. S. Bio-Based Polymers and Composites; Elsevier Science, 2011.
2. Mohanty, A. K.; Misra, M.; Drzal, L. T. Sustainable Bio- Composites from Renewable Resources: Opportunities and Challenges in the Green Materials World. J. Polym. Environ. 2002, 10 (1), 19-26.
3. Faruk, O.; Bledzki, A. K.; Fink, H.-P.; Sain, M. Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000-2010. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2012, 37 (11), 1552-1596.
4. Beck-Candanedo, S.; Roman, M.; Gray, D. G. Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Properties and Behavior of Wood Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions. Biomacromolecules 2005, 6 (2), 1048-1054.
5. Saito, T.; Kimura, S.; Nishiyama, Y.; Isogai, A. Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Native Cellulose. Biomacromolecules 2007, 8 (8), 2485-2491.
6. Moon, R. J.; Martini, A.; Nairn, J.; Simonsen, J.; Youngblood, J. Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40 (7), 3941-3994.
7. Abdul Khalil, H. P. S.; Bhat, A. H.; Ireana Yusra, A. F. Green composites from sustainable cellulose nanofibrils: A review. Carbohydr. Polym. 2012, 87 (2), 963-979.
8. Spinella, S.; Maiorana, A.; Qian, Q.; Dawson, N. J.; Hepworth, V.; McCallum, S. A.; Ganesh, M.; Singer, K. D.; Gross, R. A. Concurrent Cellulose Hydrolysis and Esterification to Prepare a Surface-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystal Decorated with Carboxylic Acid Moieties. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2016, 4 (3), 1538-1550.
9. Jonoobi, M.; Harun, J.; Mathew, A. P.; Oksman, K. Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid prepared by twin screw extrusion. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2010, 70 (12), 1742-1747.
10. Eichhorn, S. J.; Dufresne, A.; Aranguren, M.; Marcovich, N. E.; Capadona, J. R.; Rowan, S. J.; Weder, C.; Thielemans, W.; Roman, M.; Renneckar, S.; Gindl, W.; Veigel, S.; Keckes, J.; Yano, H.; Abe, K.; Nogi, M.; Nakagaito, A. N.; Mangalam, A.; Simonsen, J.; Benight, A. S.; Bismarck, A.; Berglund, L. A.; Peijs, T. Review: current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 2010, 45 (1), 1-33.
11. Pei, A.; Zhou, Q.; Berglund, L. A. Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as biobased nucleation agents in poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/Crystallization and mechanical property effects. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2010, 70 (5), 815-821.
12. Pracella, M.; Haque, M. M.-U.; Puglia, D. Morphology and properties tuning of PLA/cellulose nanocrystals bio-nanocomposites by means of reactive functionalization and blending with PVAc. Polymer 2014, 55, 3720-3728.
13. Robles, E.; Urruzola, I.; Labidi, J.; Serrano, L. Surface-modified nano-cellulose as reinforcement in poly(lactic acid) to conform new composites. Ind. Crops Prod. 2015, 71, 44-53.
14. Kamal, M. R.; Khoshkava, V. Effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on rheological and mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PLA/CNC nanocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 2015, 123, 105-114.
15. Mukherjee, T.; Kao, N.; Gupta, R. K.; Quazi, N.; Bhattacharya, S. Evaluating the state of dispersion on cellulosic biopolymer by rheology. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133 (12), n/a-n/a.
16. Goffin, A.-L.; Raquez, J.-M.; Duquesne, E.; Siqueira, G.; Habibi, Y.; Dufresne, A.; Dubois, P. From Interfacial Ring-Opening Polymerization to Melt Processing of Cellulose Nanowhisker-Filled Polylactide- Based Nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2011, 12 (7), 2456-2465.
17. Arias, A.; Heuzey, M.-C.; Huneault, M. A.; Ausias, G.; Bendahou, A. Enhanced dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals in meltprocessed polylactide-based nanocomposites. Cellulose 2015, 22 (1), 483-498.
18. Bagheriasl, D.; Carreau, P. J.; Riedl, B.; Dubois, C.; Hamad, W. Y. Shear rheology of polylactide (PLA)-cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanocomposites. Cellulose 2016, 23 (3), 1885-1897.
19. Habibi, Y.; Lucia, L. A.; Rojas, O. J. Cellulose Nanocrystals: Chemistry, Self-Assembly, and Applications. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110 (6), 3479-3500.
20. Fujisawa, S.; Ikeuchi, T.; Takeuchi, M.; Saito, T.; Isogai, A. Superior Reinforcement Effect of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils in Polystyrene Matrix: Optical, Thermal, and Mechanical Studies. Biomacromolecules 2012, 13 (7), 2188-2194.
21. Siqueira, G.; Bras, J.; Dufresne, A. Cellulose Whiskers versus Microfibrils: Influence of the Nature of the Nanoparticle and its Surface Functionalization on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2009, 10 (2), 425-432.
22. Johari, A. P.; Mohanty, S.; Kurmvanshi, S. K.; Nayak, S. K. Influence of Different Treated Cellulose Fibers on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid). ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2016, 4 (3), 1619-1629.
23. Thakur, V. K.; Thakur, M. K.; Raghavan, P.; Kessler, M. R. Progress in Green Polymer Composites from Lignin for Multifunctional Applications: A Review. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2014, 2 (5), 1072-1092.
24. Chung, Y.-L.; Olsson, J. V.; Li, R. J.; Frank, C. W.; Waymouth, R. M.; Billington, S. L.; Sattely, E. S. A Renewable Lignin-Lactide Copolymer and Application in Biobased Composites. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2013, 1 (10), 1231-1238.
25. Ago, M.; Jakes, J. E.; Johansson, L.-S.; Park, S.; Rojas, O. J. Interfacial Properties of Lignin-Based Electrospun Nanofibers and Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4 (12), 6849-6856.
26. Ago, M.; Okajima, K.; Jakes, J. E.; Park, S.; Rojas, O. J. Lignin- Based Electrospun Nanofibers Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2012, 13 (3), 918-926.
27. Hambardzumyan, A.; Foulon, L.; Chabbert, B.; Aguie-Beghin, V. Natural Organic UV-Absorbent Coatings Based on Cellulose and Lignin: Designed Effects on Spectroscopic Properties. Biomacromolecules 2012, 13 (12), 4081-4088.
28. Graupner, N. Application of lignin as natural adhesion promoter in cotton fibre-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites. J. Mater. Sci. 2008, 43 (15), 5222-5229.
29. Gupta, A.; Simmons, W.; Schueneman, G. T.; Mintz, E. A. Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals as promising nucleating agent for poly(lactic acid). J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2016, 126 (3), 1243-1251.
30. Nelson, K.; Retsina, T. Innovative nanocellulose process breaks the cost barrier. TAPPI 2014, 13, 19-23.
31. Madsen, L. D.; Svedberg, E. B.; Nelson, K.; Retsina, T.; Iakovlev, M.; van Heiningen, A.; Deng, Y.; Shatkin, J.; Mulyadi, A., American Process: Production of Low Cost Nanocellulose for Renewable, Advanced Materials Applications. In Materials Research for Manufacturing; Springer International Publishing: 2016; Vol. 224, pp 267-302.
32. Yasuniwa, M.; Tsubakihara, S.; Iura, K.; Ono, Y.; Dan, Y.; Takahashi, K. Crystallization behavior of poly(l-lactic acid). Polymer 2006, 47 (21), 7554-7563.
33. Cole, K. S.; Cole, R. H. Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics. J. Chem. Phys. 1941, 9 (4), 341-351.
34. Potschke, P.; Fornes, T. D.; Paul, D. R. Rheological behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycarbonate composites. Polymer 2002, 43 (11), 3247-3255.
35. Gupta, A.; Choudhary, V. Rheologic and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-reinforced poly (trimethylene terephthalate) composites. J. Mater. Sci. 2013, 48 (9), 3347-3356.
36. Trinkle, S.; Friedrich, C. Van Gurp-Palmen-plot: a way to characterize polydispersity of linear polymers. Rheol. Acta 2001, 40 (4), 322-328.
37. Trinkle, S.; Walter, P.; Friedrich, C. Van Gurp-Palmen Plot II - classification of long chain branched polymers by their topology. Rheol. Acta 2002, 41 (1), 103-113.
38. Kirkpatrick, S. Percolation and Conduction. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1973, 45 (4), 574-588.
39. Ren, J.; Silva, A. S.; Krishnamoorti, R. Linear Viscoelasticity of Disordered Polystyrenea' Polyisoprene Block Copolymer Based Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2000, 33 (10), 3739-3746.
40. Shante, V. K. S.; Kirkpatrick, S. An introduction to percolation theory. Adv. Phys. 1971, 20 (85), 325-357.
41. Xiao, L.; Mai, Y.; He, F.; Yu, L.; Zhang, L.; Tang, H.; Yang, G. Bio-based green composites with high performance from poly(lactic acid) and surface-modified microcrystalline cellulose. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22 (31), 15732-15739.
42. Gupta, A.; Choudhary, V. Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical and rheological properties of poly- (trimethylene terephthalate). J. Mater. Sci. 2014, 49 (10), 3839-3846.
43. Affdl, J. C. H.; Kardos, J. L. The Halpin-Tsai equations: A review. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1976, 16 (5), 344-352.
44. Jamshidian, M.; Tehrany, E. A.; Imran, M.; Jacquot, M.; Desobry, S. Poly-Lactic Acid: Production, Applications, Nanocomposites, and Release Studies. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2010, 9 (5), 552-571.
45. Siqueira, G.; Bras, J.; Dufresne, A. Cellulosic bionanocomposites: a review of preparation, properties and applications. Polymers 2010, 2 (4), 728-765.
46. Landel, R. F.; Nielsen, L. E. Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, Second ed.; Taylor & Francis, 1993.
47. Read, B. E.; Dean, G. D. The Determination of Dynamic Properties of Polymers and Composites; Wiley, 1978.
48. Favier, V.; Cavaille, J. Y.; Canova, G. R.; Shrivastava, S. C. Mechanical percolation in cellulose whisker nanocomposites. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1997, 37 (10), 1732-1739.
49. Baxter, S. C.; Robinson, C. T. Pseudo-percolation: Critical volume fractions and mechanical percolation in polymer nanocomposites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2011, 71 (10), 1273-1279.
50. Liu, Z. Q.; Liu, G.; Qu, R. T.; Zhang, Z. F.; Wu, S. J.; Zhang, T. Microstructural percolation assisted breakthrough of trade-off between strength and ductility in CuZr-based metallic glass composites. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4167.
51. Murthy, N. S.; Minor, H.; Bednarczyk, C.; Krimm, S. Structure of the amorphous phase in oriented polymers. Macromolecules 1993, 26 (7), 1712-1721.
52. Mallet, B.; Lamnawar, K.; Maazouz, A. Improvement of blown film extrusion of poly(Lactic Acid): Structure-Processing-Properties relationships. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2014, 54 (4), 840-857.
53. Thellen, C.; Orroth, C.; Froio, D.; Ziegler, D.; Lucciarini, J.; Farrell, R.; D'Souza, N. A.; Ratto, J. A. Influence of montmorillonite layered silicate on plasticized poly(l-lactide) blown films. Polymer 2005, 46 (25), 11716-11727.