Influence of Different Treated Cellulose Fibers on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid)

ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 1619-1629

  Johari, Atul P ^a   Mohanty, Smita ^a   Kurmvanshi, Surendra K ^a   Nayak, Sanjay K ^a  

^a Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM) CIPET   (India)

Author keywords

CMF; Crystallinity; DSC; Modulus; Sisal

Indexed keywords

BLENDING; CELLULOSE; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; IMPACT STRENGTH; INJECTION MOLDING; LACTIC ACID; REINFORCEMENT; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS; CRYSTALLINITIES; CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRA REDS; MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES; MODULUS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS; SISAL;

THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

CRYSTALLINITY; IMPACT STRENGTH; MALEIC ANHYDRIDE; SISAL;

EID: 84960125345     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21680485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01563     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Cheung, H.; Ho, M.; Lau, K.; Cardona, F.; Hui, D. Natural fibre-reinforced composites for bioengineering and environmental engineering applications Composites, Part B 2009, 40, 655-663 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.014
2. Lazko, J.; Dupre, B.; Dheilly, R. M.; Queneudec, M. Biocomposites based on flax short fibres and linseed oil Ind. Crops Prod. 2011, 33, 317-324 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.11.015
3. Favaro, S. L.; Ganzerli, T. A.; de Carvalho Neto, A. G. V.; da Silva, O. R. R. F.; Radovanovic, E. Chemical, morphological and mechanical analysis of sisal fiber-reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene composites eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 2010, 4, 465-473 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.59
4. Bledzki, A. K.; Sperber, V. E.; Faruk, O. Natural and wood fiber reinforcement in polymers RAPRA Rev. Rep. 2002, 13, 152
5. Evans, W. J.; Isaac, D. H.; Suddell, B. C.; Crosky, A. In Natural Fibres and Their Composites: A Global Perspective. Symposium on Materials Science: Sustainable natural and polymeric composites Science and Technology; Roskilde, Denmark, 2002.
6. Sapuan, S. M.; Maleque, M. A. Design and fabrication of natural woven fabric reinforced epoxy composite for household telephone stand Mater. Eng. 2005, 26, 65-71 10.1016/j.matdes.2004.03.015
7. Leman, Z.; Sapuan, S. M.; Saifol, A. M.; Maleque, M. A.; Hamdan, M. Moisture absorption behavior of sugar palm fiber reinforced epoxy composites Mater. Eng. 2008, 29, 1666-1670 10.1016/j.matdes.2007.11.004
8. Zainudin, E. S.; Sapuan, S. M.; Abdan, K.; Mohamad, M. T. M. Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Banana-pseudostem-filled Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride Composites Polym. Polym. Comp. 2009, 17, 55-61
9. Li, S. Z.; Xiao, M. M.; Zheng, A.; Xiao, H. N. Cellulose microfibrils grafted with PBA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for biocomposite reinforcement Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 3305-3312 10.1021/bm200797a
10. Samir, M. A. S. A.; Alloin, F.; Dufresne, A. Review of Recent Research into Cellulosic Whiskers, their Properties and Their Application in Nanocomposite Field Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 612-626 10.1021/bm0493685
11. Pan, M.; Zhou, X.; Chen, M. Cellulose Nanowhiskers Isolation and Properties from Acid Hydrolysis Combined with High Pressure Homogenizatio BioResources 2012, 8, 933-943 10.15376/biores.8.1.933-943
12. Oksman, K.; Skrifvars, M.; Selin, J. F. Natural fibres as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) composites Compos. Sci. Technol. 2003, 63, 1317-24 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00103-9
13. Mofokeng, J. P.; Luyt, A. S.; Tabi, T.; Kovacs, J. Comparison of injection moulded, natural fibre-reinforced composites with PP and PLA as matrices J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 2012, 25, 927-948 10.1177/0892705711423291
14. Mathew, A. P.; Oksman, K.; Sain, M. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 97, 2014-2025 10.1002/app.21779
15. Wang, T.; Drzal, L. T. Cellulose-nanofiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites prepared by a water-based approach ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 5079-85 10.1021/am301438g
16. Arrakhiz, F. Z.; Malha, M. et al. Tensile, flexural and torsional properties of chemically treated alfa, coir and bagasse reinforced polypropylene Composites, Part B 2013, 47, 35-41 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.10.046
17. Huda, M. S.; Drzal, L. T.; Mohanty, A. K.; Misra, M. The effect of silane treated- and untreated-talc on the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/newspaper fibers/talc hybrid composites Composites, Part B 2007, 38, 367-379 10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.06.010
18. Abdul Khalil, H. P. S.; Davoudpour, Y.; Islam, M. N.; Mustapha, A.; Sudesh, K.; Dungani, R.; Jawaid, M. Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical processes: A review Carbohydr. Polym. 2014, 99, 649-665 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.069
19. Herrera-Franco, P. J. H.; Valadez-Gonzalez, A. V. A study of the mechanical properties of short natural-fiber reinforced composites Composites, Part B 2005, 36, 597-608 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.04.001
20. Camano, S.; Behary, N.; Vroman, P.; Campagne, C. Comparison of Bio and Eco-technologies with Chemical Methods for Pre-treatment of Flax Fibers: Impact on Fiber Properties J. Eng. Fibers Fabrics 2014, 9, 56-68
21. Christov, L.; Van Driessel, B. Waste water bioremediation in the pulp and paper industry Indian J. Biotechnol. 2003, 2, 444-450
22. Zuluaga, R.; Putaux, J. L. et al. Cellulose microfibrils from banana rachis: Effect of alkaline treatments on structural and morphological features Carbohydr. Polym. 2009, 76, 51-59 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.024
23. Elanthikkal, S.; Gopalakrishnapanicker, U. et al. Cellulose microfibres produced from banana plant wastes: Isolation and characterization Carbohydr. Polym. 2010, 80, 852-859 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.043
24. Bhatnagar, A.; Sain, M. Processing of cellulose nanofiber-reinforced composites J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2005, 24, 1259-1268 10.1177/0731684405049864
25. Hwang, S. W.; Lee, S. B. et al. Grafting of maleic anhydride on poly (L-lactic acid): Effects on physical and mechanical properties Polym. Test. 2012, 31, 333-344 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.12.005
26. Kaith, B. S.; Singha, A. S.; Gupta, S. K. Graft copolymerization of Flax fibres with binary vinyl monomer mixtures and evaluation of swelling, moisture absorbance and thermal behaviour of the grafted fibres J. Polym. Mater. 2003, 20, 195-199
27. Mathew, A. P.; Oksman, K.; Sain, M. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 97, 2014-2025 10.1002/app.21779
28. Gardner, J. D.; Oporto, S. G. S.; Mills, R.; Samir, A. Adhesion and surface issues in cellulose and nanocellulose J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2008, 22, 545-567 10.1163/156856108X295509
29. Cho, S. Y.; Park, H. et al. Cellulose nanowhisker-incorporated poly(lactic acid) composites for high thermal stability Fibers Polym. 2013, 14, 1001-1005 10.1007/s12221-013-1001-y
30. Phuong, V. T.; Lazzeri, A. Green biocomposites based on cellulose diacetate and regenerated cellulose microfibrers: effect of plasticizer content on morphology and mechanical properties Composites, Part A 2012, 43, 2256-2268 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.08.008
31. Suryanegara, L.; Nakagaito, A. N.; Yano, H. The effect of crystallization of PLA on the thermal and mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose reinforced PLA composites Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 1187-1192 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.02.022
32. Orts, W. J.; shey, J.; Imam, S.; Glenn, G. M.; Guttman, M. E.; Revol, J. F. Application of Cellulose Microfibrils in Polymer Nanocomposites J. Polym. Environ. 2005, 13, 301-306 10.1007/s10924-005-5514-3
33. Revol, J. F.; Bradford, H.; Giasson, J.; Marchessault, R. H.; Gray, D. G. Helicoidal self-ordering of cellulose microfibrils in aqueous suspension Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 1992, 14, 170-172 10.1016/S0141-8130(05)80008-X
34. Revol, J. F.; Marchessault, R. H. In vitro chiral nematic ordering of chitin crystallites Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 1993, 15, 329-335 10.1016/0141-8130(93)90049-R
35. Orue, A.; Jauregi, A.; Rodriguez, C. P.; Labidi, J.; Eceiza, A.; Arbelaiz, A. The effect of surface modifications on sisal fiber properties and sisal/poly (lactic acid) interface adhesion Composites, Part B 2015, 73, 132-138 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.022
36. Favaro, S. L.; Ganzerli, T. A. Chemical, morphological and mechanical analysis of sisal fiber-reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene composites eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 2010, 4, 465-473 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.59
37. Elanthikkal, S.; Gopalakrishnapanicker, U. et al. Cellulose microfibres produced from banana plant wastes: Isolation and characterization Carbohydr. Polym. 2010, 80, 852-859 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.043
38. Li, D.; Xu, F.; Shao, L.; Wang, M. Effect of the addition of 3-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane to tetraethoxyorthosilicate-based stone protective coating using n-octylamine as a catalyst Bull. Mater. Sci. 2015, 38, 49-55 10.1007/s12034-014-0795-6
39. Kaczmarek, H.; Kwiatkowska, I. V. Preparation and characterization of interpenetrating networks based on polyacrylates and poly (lactic acid) eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 2011, 6, 78-94 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.9
40. Krikorian, V.; Pochan, D. J. Crystallization Behavior of Poly(L-lactic acid) Nanocomposites: Nucleation and Growth Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy Macromolecules 2005, 38, 6520-6527 10.1021/ma050739z
41. Alemdar, A.; Sain, M. Biocomposites from wheat straw nanofibers: Morphology, thermal and mechanical properties Compos. Sci. Technol. 2008, 68, 557-565 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.05.044
42. Abraham, E.; Deepa, B.; Pothan, L. A.; Jacob, M.; Thomas, S. et al. Extraction of nanocellulose fibrils from lignocellulosic fibres: A novel approach Carbohydr. Polym. 2011, 86, 1468-1475 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.034
43. Bismark, A.; Mishra, S.; Lampke, T. Plant Fibers as reinforcement for green composites. In Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites, Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2005; Chapter 2.
44. Li, X.; Tabil, L.; Panigrahi, A. S. Chemical treatments of Nautral fiber use in natural fiber reinforced composites: A review J. Polym. Environ. 2007, 15, 25-33 10.1007/s10924-006-0042-3
45. Kalia, S.; Kaith, B. S.; Kaur, I. Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites-a review Polym. Eng. Sci. 2009, 49, 1253-1272 10.1002/pen.21328
46. Herrera-Franco, P. J.; Valadez-González, A. A study of the mechanical properties of short natural-fiber reinforced composites Composites, Part B 2005, 36, 597-608 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.04.001
47. Azeredo, H. M. C.; Mattoso, L. H. C.; Wood, D.; Williams, T. G.; Avena, B. R. J.; McHugh, T. H. Nanocomposite edible films from mango puree reinforced with cellulose nanofibers J. Food Sci. 2009, 74, 31-35 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01186.x
48. Zhou, F.; Cheng, G.; Jiang, B. Effect of silane treatment on microstructure of sisal fibers Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014, 292, 806-812 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.12.054
49. Lu, T.; Liu, S.; Jiang, M.; Xu, X.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Gou, J. et al. Effects of modifications of bamboo cellulose fibers on the improved mechanical properties of cellulose reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites Composites, Part B 2014, 62, 191-197 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.02.030
50. Cheng, Q.; Wang, S.; Rials, T. G. Poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose fibrils isolated by high intensity ultrasonication Composites, Part A 2009, 40, 218-224 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.11.009
51. Kemala, T.; Budianto, E.; Soegiyono, B. Preparation and characterization of microspheres based on blend of poly (lactic acid) and poly (-caprolactone) with poly (vinyl alcohol) as emulsifier Arabian J. Chem. 2012, 5, 103-108 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.08.003
52. Robles, E.; Urruzola, I.; Labidi, J.; Serrano, L. Surface-modified nano-cellulose as reinforcement in poly(lactic acid) to conform new composites Ind. Crops Prod. 2015, 71, 44-53 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.075
53. Canche-Escamilla, G. C.; Trujillo, R.; Herrera-Franco, P. J.; Mendizabal, E.; Puig, J. E. Preparation and characterization of henequen cellulose grafted with methyl methacrylate and its application in composite J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1997, 66, 339-346 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971010)66:2<339::AID-APP14>3.0.CO;2-T
54. Saeidlou, S.; Huneault, M. A.; Li, H.; Park, C. B. Poly (lactic acid) crystallization Prog. Polym. Sci. 2012, 37, 1657-1677 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.07.005
55. He, Y.; Fan, Z.; Wei, J.; Li, S. Morphology and melt crystallization of poly (L-lactide) obtained by ring opening polymerization of L-lactide with zinc catalyst Polym. Eng. Sci. 2006, 46, 1583-1589 10.1002/pen.20617
56. Sim, K. J.; Han, S. O.; Seo, Y. B. Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of redalgae fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites Macromol. Res. 2010, 18, 489-495 10.1007/s13233-010-0503-3
57. Suksut, B.; Deeprasertkul, C. Effect of nucleating agents on physical properties of poly (lactic acid) and its blend with natural rubber J. Polym. Environ. 2011, 19, 288-296 10.1007/s10924-010-0278-9
58. Zhang, J. M.; Duan, Y. X.; Sato, H.; Tsuji, H.; Noda, I.; Yan, S.; Ozaki, Y. Crystal modifications and thermal behavior of poly (L-lactic acid) revealed by infrared spectroscopy Macromolecules 2005, 38, 8012-8021 10.1021/ma051232r
59. Cho, T. Y.; Strobl, G. Temperature dependent variations in the lamellar structure of poly (L-lactide) Polymer 2006, 47, 1036-1043 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.027
60. Somruetai, B. Crystallization behaviour of polylactic acid composites. Ph.D. thesis. Suranaree University of technology, Thailand, 2009.
61. Pluta, M. Morphology and properties of polylactide modified by thermal treatment filling with layered silicates and plasticization Polymer 2004, 45, 8239-8251 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.057
62. Liu, H.; Zhang, J. Research progress in toughening modification of poly (lactic acid) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2011, 49, 1051-1083 10.1002/polb.22283
63. Finsy, R. Particle sizing by quasi-elastic light scattering Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 1994, 52, 79-143 10.1016/0001-8686(94)80041-3
64. Haafiz, M. K. M.; Hassan, A. et al. Properties of polylactic acid composite reinforced with palm biomass microcrystalline cellulose Carbohydr. Polym. 2013, 98, 139-145 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.069