Do People Naturally Cluster into Liberals and Conservatives?

Evolutionary Psychological Science

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 47-57

  Weeden, Jason ^a   Kurzban, Robert ^b  

^a Pennsylvania Laboratory for Experimental Evolutionary Psychology   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Domain specific; Ideology; Political parties; Public opinion

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010839226     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21989885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40806-015-0036-2     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Abrajano, M., & Hajnal, Z. L. (2015). White backlash: immigration, race, and American politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI: 10.1515/9781400866489
2. Achen, C. C. (2002). Parental socialization and rational party identification. Political Behavior, 24, 151–70. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021278208671
3. Bartels, L. M. (2002). Beyond the running tally: partisan bias in political perceptions. Political Behavior, 24, 117–50. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021226224601
4. Carmines, E. G., Ensley, M. J., & Wagner, M. W. (2012). Who fits the left-right divide? Partisan polarization in the American electorate. American Behavioral Scientist, 56, 1631–1653. DOI: 10.1177/0002764212463353
5. Carmines, E. G., & Layman, G. C. (1997). Value priorities, partisanship, and electoral choice: the neglected case of the United States. Political Behavior, 19, 283–316. DOI: 10.1023/A:1024899805067
6. Carmines, E. G., McIver, J. P., & Stimson, J. A. (1987). Unrealized partisanship: a theory of dealignment. The Journal of Politics, 49, 376–400. DOI: 10.2307/2131306
7. Carsey, T. M., & Layman, G. C. (2006). Changing sides or changing minds? Party identification and policy preferences in the American electorate. American Journal of Political Science, 50, 464–77. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00196.x
8. Claassen, C., Tucker, P., & Smith, S. S. (2015). Ideological labels in America. Political Behavior, 37, 253–278. DOI: 10.1007/s11109-014-9272-6
9. Cohen, G. L. (2003). Party over policy: the dominating impact of group influence on political beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 808–22. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.808
10. Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. E. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and discontent. New York: Free Press.
11. Ellis, C., & Stimson, J. A. (2012). Ideology in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139094009
12. Feldman, S., & Johnston, C. (2014). Understanding the determinants of political ideology: implications of structural complexity. Political Psychology, 35, 337–358. DOI: 10.1111/pops.12055
13. Gelman, A. (2015). How better educated whites are driving political polarization. In D. J. Hopkins & J. Sides (Eds.), Political polarization in american politics. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
14. Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: why good people are divided by politics and religion. New York: Pantheon Books.
15. Hibbing, J. R., Smith, K. B., & Alford, J. R. (2013). Predisposed: liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences. New York: Routledge.
16. Hibbing, J. R., Smith, K. B., & Alford, J. R. (2014). Differences in negativity bias underlie variations in political ideology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37, 297–350. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X13001192
17. Highton, B., & Kam, C. D. (2011). The long-term dynamics of partisanship and issue orientations. The Journal of Politics, 73, 202–215. DOI: 10.1017/S0022381610000964
18. Hussey, L. S. (2012). Polarized politics and citizen disengagement: the role of belief systems. American Politics Research, 40, 85–115. DOI: 10.1177/1532673X11416441
19. Jacoby, W. G. (1991). Ideological identification and issue attitudes. American Journal of Political Science, 35, 178–205. DOI: 10.2307/2111443
20. Jessee, S. A. (2012). Ideology and spatial voting in American elections. Cambridge University Press.
21. Jost, J. T., Federico, C. M., & Napier, J. L. (2009). Political ideology: its structure, functions, and elective affinities. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 307–337. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163600
22. Klar, S. (2014). A multidimensional study of ideological preferences and priorities among the American public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 78, 344–359. DOI: 10.1093/poq/nfu010
23. Kurzban, R. (2010). Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite: evolution and the modular mind. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
24. Kurzban, R., Dukes, A., & Weeden, J. (2010). Sex, drugs and moral goals: reproductive strategies and views about recreational drugs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 277, 3501–3508. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0608
25. Lopez, A. C., & McDermott, R. (2012). Adaptation, heritability, and the emergence of evolutionary political science. Political Psychology, 33, 343–362. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00880.x
26. Noel, H. (2013). Political ideologies and political parties in America. Cambridge University Press.
27. Petersen, M. B. (2015). Evolutionary political psychology. In D. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 2). Hoboken: Wiley.
28. Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: the modern denial of human nature. New York: Penguin.
29. Sniderman, P. M., & Bullock, J. (2004). A consistency theory of public opinion and political choice: the hypothesis of menu dependence. In W. E. Saris & P. M. Sniderman (Eds.), Studies in public opinion: attitudes, nonattitudes, measurement error, and change. Princeton University Press: Princeton.
30. Sniderman, P. M., & Stiglitz, E. H. (2012). The reputational premium: a theory of party identification and policy reasoning. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
31. Stimson, J. A. (1975). Belief systems: constraint, complexity, and the 1972 election. American Journal of Political Science, 19, 393–417. DOI: 10.2307/2110536
32. Treier, S., & Hillygus, D. S. (2009). The nature of political ideology in the contemporary electorate. Public Opinion Quarterly, 73, 679–703. DOI: 10.1093/poq/nfp067
33. Tuschman, A. (2013). Our political nature: the evolutionary origins of what divides us. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books.
34. Verhulst, B., Hatemi, P. K., & Eaves, L. J. (2012). Disentangling the importance of psychological predispositions and social constructions in the organization of American political ideology. Political Psychology, 3, 375–393. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00882.x
35. Weeden, J. (2003). Genetic interests, life histories, and attitudes towards abortion. Unpublished PhD dissertation.
36. Weeden, J., Cohen, A. B., & Kenrick, D. T. (2008). Religious attendance as reproductive support. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 327–334. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.004
37. Weeden, J., & Kurzban, R. (2014). The hidden agenda of the political mind: how self-interest shapes our opinions and why we won’t admit it. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI: 10.1515/9781400851966