메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 272, Issue , 2017, Pages 72-80

A study of cannabis potency in France over a 25 years period (1992–2016)

Author keywords

CBD; CBN; Hashish; Marijuana; THC; Trends

Indexed keywords

CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOL; CANNABIS; DRONABINOL;

EID: 85009982911     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: 18726283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.01.007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (28)
  • 1
    • 84944706500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potted history
    • [1] Pain, S., A potted history. Nat. Outlook 525 (2015), S10–S11.
    • (2015) Nat. Outlook , vol.525 , pp. S10-S11
    • Pain, S.1
  • 2
    • 85165759787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Drug Report 2015, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.15. XI.6
    • [2] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2015, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.15. XI.6., 2015.
    • (2015)
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime1
  • 3
    • 85016652462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Drug Report 2016, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.16. XI.7
    • [3] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2016, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.16. XI.7., 2016.
    • (2016)
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime1
  • 4
    • 85165792384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Report (2014 Data) to the EMCDDA by the French Reitox National Focal Point
    • (Accessed 26 July 2016)
    • [4] French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, National Report (2014 Data) to the EMCDDA by the French Reitox National Focal Point., 2015 http://en.ofdt.fr/publications/national-report-emcdda/. (Accessed 26 July 2016).
    • (2015)
    • French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction1
  • 5
    • 85165729528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoactive Substance Use in France: Recent Trends (2014–2015) Tendances No. 6
    • (Accessed 22 November 2016)
    • [5] French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Psychoactive Substance Use in France: Recent Trends (2014–2015) Tendances No. 6. 2015 http://en.ofdt.fr/index.php?cID=303. (Accessed 22 November 2016).
    • (2015)
    • French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction1
  • 7
    • 84944687326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabis crop
    • [7] Gould, J., The cannabis crop. Nat. Outlook 525 (2015), S2–S3.
    • (2015) Nat. Outlook , vol.525 , pp. S2-S3
    • Gould, J.1
  • 9
    • 79959896779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of storage conditions on the chemical potency of herbal cannabis
    • [9] Trofin, I.G., Vlad, C.C., Dabija, G., Filipescu, L., Influence of storage conditions on the chemical potency of herbal cannabis. Rev. Chim. 62:6 (2011), 639–645.
    • (2011) Rev. Chim. , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 639-645
    • Trofin, I.G.1    Vlad, C.C.2    Dabija, G.3    Filipescu, L.4
  • 10
    • 3343009510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in cannabis (Cannabaceae)
    • [10] Hillig, K.W., Mahlberg, P.G., A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in cannabis (Cannabaceae). Am J. Bot. 91:6 (2004), 966–975.
    • (2004) Am J. Bot. , vol.91 , Issue.6 , pp. 966-975
    • Hillig, K.W.1    Mahlberg, P.G.2
  • 11
    • 0032551611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid content of marijuana samples seized in Greece and its forensic application
    • [11] Stefanidou, M., Dona, A., Athanaselis, S., Papoutsis, I., Koutselinis, A., The cannabinoid content of marijuana samples seized in Greece and its forensic application. Forensic Sci. Int. 95 (1998), 153–162.
    • (1998) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.95 , pp. 153-162
    • Stefanidou, M.1    Dona, A.2    Athanaselis, S.3    Papoutsis, I.4    Koutselinis, A.5
  • 12
    • 85010010783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis: from cultivar to chemovar II—a metabolomics approach to cannabis classification
    • [12] Hazekamp, A., Tejkalova, K., Papadimitriou, S., Cannabis: from cultivar to chemovar II—a metabolomics approach to cannabis classification. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 1:1 (2016), 202–215.
    • (2016) Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 202-215
    • Hazekamp, A.1    Tejkalova, K.2    Papadimitriou, S.3
  • 13
    • 84892467599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of cannabis potency in the Venice area (Italy): a survey over the period 2010–2012
    • [13] Zamengo, L., Frison, G., Bettin, C., Sciarrone, R., Variability of cannabis potency in the Venice area (Italy): a survey over the period 2010–2012. Drug Test Anal. 6 (2014), 46–51.
    • (2014) Drug Test Anal. , vol.6 , pp. 46-51
    • Zamengo, L.1    Frison, G.2    Bettin, C.3    Sciarrone, R.4
  • 14
    • 84872170387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is today's marijuana more potent simply because it's fresher?
    • [14] Sevigny, E.L., Is today's marijuana more potent simply because it's fresher?. Drug Test Anal. 5 (2013), 62–67.
    • (2013) Drug Test Anal. , vol.5 , pp. 62-67
    • Sevigny, E.L.1
  • 15
    • 84947038038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potency trends of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol in cannabis in the Netherlands: 2005–15
    • [15] Niesink, R.J., Rigter, S., Koeter, M.W., Brunt, T.M., Potency trends of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol in cannabis in the Netherlands: 2005–15. Addiction 110 (2015), 1941–1950.
    • (2015) Addiction , vol.110 , pp. 1941-1950
    • Niesink, R.J.1    Rigter, S.2    Koeter, M.W.3    Brunt, T.M.4
  • 16
    • 84966536744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R (Version 3.2.2) [Computer software]
    • RStudio Inc Boston, MA (Accessed 09 December 2016)
    • [16] RStudio Team, RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R (Version 3.2.2) [Computer software]. 2015, RStudio Inc, Boston, MA http://www.rstudio.com/. (Accessed 09 December 2016).
    • (2015)
    • RStudio Team1
  • 17
    • 84863304598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
    • R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria ISBN 3-900051-07-0
    • [17] R Development Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 2011, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria ISBN 3-900051-07-0 http://www.R-project.org.
    • (2011)
    • R Development Core Team1
  • 18
    • 77749296886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis
    • Springer-Verlag New York
    • [18] Wickham, H., ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. 2009, Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (2009)
    • Wickham, H.1
  • 19
    • 0003780340 scopus 로고
    • Graphical Methods for Data Analysis
    • Chapman and Hall/Cole Publishing Company Wadsworth
    • [19] Chambers, J.M., Cleveland, W.S., Kleiner, B., Tukey, P.A., Graphical Methods for Data Analysis. 1983, Chapman and Hall/Cole Publishing Company, Wadsworth, 60–63.
    • (1983) , pp. 60-63
    • Chambers, J.M.1    Cleveland, W.S.2    Kleiner, B.3    Tukey, P.A.4
  • 20
    • 84999488404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Évolution de la teneur en Δ9-THC dans les saisies de résines de cannabis au Maroc de 2005 à 2014
    • [20] Stambouli, H., El Bouri, A., Bouayoun, T., Évolution de la teneur en Δ9-THC dans les saisies de résines de cannabis au Maroc de 2005 à 2014. Toxicol. Anal. Clin. 28:2 (2016), 146–152.
    • (2016) Toxicol. Anal. Clin. , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 146-152
    • Stambouli, H.1    El Bouri, A.2    Bouayoun, T.3
  • 21
    • 84902804717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hashish revival in Morocco
    • [21] Chouvy, P.-A., Afsahi, K., Hashish revival in Morocco. Int. J. Drug Policy 25:3 (2014), 416–423.
    • (2014) Int. J. Drug Policy , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 416-423
    • Chouvy, P.-A.1    Afsahi, K.2
  • 22
    • 85009999628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Le haschich marocain, du kif aux hybrides, Drogues, enjeux internationaux, no. 8
    • French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
    • [22] Afsahi, K., Chouvy, P.-A., Le haschich marocain, du kif aux hybrides, Drogues, enjeux internationaux, no. 8. 2015, French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    • (2015)
    • Afsahi, K.1    Chouvy, P.-A.2
  • 23
    • 85009940996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Supply of Hashish to Europe, Report prepared for the EMCDDA
    • Contract no. CT.15. SAT.0055.1.0, 13 July
    • [23] Chouvy, P.-A., The Supply of Hashish to Europe, Report prepared for the EMCDDA., 2015 Contract no. CT.15. SAT.0055.1.0, 13 July.
    • (2015)
    • Chouvy, P.-A.1
  • 25
    • 84924762955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis potency in the Venice area (Italy): update 2013
    • [25] Zamengo, L., Frison, G., Bettin, C., Sciarrone, R., Cannabis potency in the Venice area (Italy): update 2013. Drug Test Anal. 7:3 (2015), 255–258.
    • (2015) Drug Test Anal. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-258
    • Zamengo, L.1    Frison, G.2    Bettin, C.3    Sciarrone, R.4
  • 26
    • 84961827133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995–2014): analysis of current data in the United States
    • [26] ElSohly, M.A., Mehmedic, Z., Foster, S., Gon, C., Chandra, S., Church, J.C., Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995–2014): analysis of current data in the United States. Biol. Psychiatry 79:7 (2016), 613–619.
    • (2016) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.79 , Issue.7 , pp. 613-619
    • ElSohly, M.A.1    Mehmedic, Z.2    Foster, S.3    Gon, C.4    Chandra, S.5    Church, J.C.6
  • 28
    • 0342824641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CBN and D9-THC concentration ratio as an indicator of the age of stored marijuana samples
    • [28] Ross, S., ElSohly, M.A., CBN and D9-THC concentration ratio as an indicator of the age of stored marijuana samples. Bull. Narc. 49:1 (1997), 139–147.
    • (1997) Bull. Narc. , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-147
    • Ross, S.1    ElSohly, M.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.