메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 141, Issue , 2017, Pages 65-73

Semi-interpenetrating network composites of poly(lactic acid) with cis-9-octadecenylamine modified cellulose-nanofibers from Areca catechu husk

Author keywords

Bionanocomposite; Cellulose nanofiber; Natural fiber; Poly(lactic acid); Semi interpenetrating network

Indexed keywords

CELLULOSE; FRACTURE MECHANICS; LACTIC ACID; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; NATURAL FIBERS; PACKAGING MATERIALS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; WATER ABSORPTION;

EID: 85009877701     PISSN: 02663538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.01.007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 84901822849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/pla biodegradable composites for lowering water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of paper
    • [1] Song, Z., Xiao, H., Zhao, Y., Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/pla biodegradable composites for lowering water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. Carbohydr. Polym. 111 (2014), 442–448.
    • (2014) Carbohydr. Polym. , vol.111 , pp. 442-448
    • Song, Z.1    Xiao, H.2    Zhao, Y.3
  • 2
    • 84867770746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellulose-nanofiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites prepared by a water-based approach
    • [2] Wang, T., Drzal, L.T., Cellulose-nanofiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites prepared by a water-based approach. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012), 5079–5085.
    • (2012) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , vol.4 , pp. 5079-5085
    • Wang, T.1    Drzal, L.T.2
  • 3
    • 84893855703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key advances in the chemical modification of CNFs
    • [3] Habibi, Y., Key advances in the chemical modification of CNFs. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 (2014), 1519–1542.
    • (2014) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.43 , pp. 1519-1542
    • Habibi, Y.1
  • 4
    • 84881446513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNF: a new ageless bionanomaterial
    • [4] Dufresne, A., CNF: a new ageless bionanomaterial. Mater. Today 16 (2013), 220–227.
    • (2013) Mater. Today , vol.16 , pp. 220-227
    • Dufresne, A.1
  • 5
    • 84937023502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on flax fiber toughened poly (lactic acid) composites
    • [5] Xia, X., Liu, W., Zhou, L., Liu, H., He, S., Zhu, C., Study on flax fiber toughened poly (lactic acid) composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 132 (2015), 42573–42582.
    • (2015) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.132 , pp. 42573-42582
    • Xia, X.1    Liu, W.2    Zhou, L.3    Liu, H.4    He, S.5    Zhu, C.6
  • 6
    • 84900393753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PLA biocomposites reinforced with coir fibres: evaluation of mechanical performance and multifunctional properties
    • [6] Dong, Y., Ghataura, A., Takagi, H., Haroosh, H., Nakagaito, A.N., Lau, K.-T., PLA biocomposites reinforced with coir fibres: evaluation of mechanical performance and multifunctional properties. Compos. Part A 63 (2014), 76–84.
    • (2014) Compos. Part A , vol.63 , pp. 76-84
    • Dong, Y.1    Ghataura, A.2    Takagi, H.3    Haroosh, H.4    Nakagaito, A.N.5    Lau, K.-T.6
  • 7
    • 84891772894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanowhiskers from oil palm biomass microcrystalline cellulose
    • [7] Haafiza, M.K.M., Hassana, A.A., Zakariac, Z., Inuwa, I.M., Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanowhiskers from oil palm biomass microcrystalline cellulose. Carbohydr. Polym. 103 (2014), 119–125.
    • (2014) Carbohydr. Polym. , vol.103 , pp. 119-125
    • Haafiza, M.K.M.1    Hassana, A.A.2    Zakariac, Z.3    Inuwa, I.M.4
  • 8
    • 84889683465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Super water absorbing and shape memory CNF aerogels from TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils via cyclic freezing-thawing
    • [8] Jiang, F., Hsieh, Y.-L., Super water absorbing and shape memory CNF aerogels from TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils via cyclic freezing-thawing. J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014), 350–359.
    • (2014) J. Mater. Chem. A , vol.2 , pp. 350-359
    • Jiang, F.1    Hsieh, Y.-L.2
  • 9
    • 84926500838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface modified CNF as reinforcement in PLA to conform new composites
    • [9] Robles, E., Urruzola, I., Labidi, J., Serrano, L., Surface modified CNF as reinforcement in PLA to conform new composites. Indus. Crops Prod. 71 (2015), 44–53.
    • (2015) Indus. Crops Prod. , vol.71 , pp. 44-53
    • Robles, E.1    Urruzola, I.2    Labidi, J.3    Serrano, L.4
  • 11
    • 79959459258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellulose nanomaterials review, structure properties and nanocomposites
    • [11] Moon, R.J., Martini, A., Nairn, J., Simonsen, J., Youngblood, J., Cellulose nanomaterials review, structure properties and nanocomposites. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 (2011), 3941–3994.
    • (2011) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.40 , pp. 3941-3994
    • Moon, R.J.1    Martini, A.2    Nairn, J.3    Simonsen, J.4    Youngblood, J.5
  • 12
    • 78651515343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibres
    • [12] Isogai, A., Saito, T., Fukuzimi, H., TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibres. Nanoscale 3 (2011), 71–85.
    • (2011) Nanoscale , vol.3 , pp. 71-85
    • Isogai, A.1    Saito, T.2    Fukuzimi, H.3
  • 13
    • 72849112401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the characteristics of cellulose microfibril aggregates of wood, rice straw and potato tuber
    • [13] Abe, K., Yano, H., Comparison of the characteristics of cellulose microfibril aggregates of wood, rice straw and potato tuber. Cellulose 16 (2009), 1017–1023.
    • (2009) Cellulose , vol.16 , pp. 1017-1023
    • Abe, K.1    Yano, H.2
  • 14
    • 84949115135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication and characteristics of cellulose nanofibril films from coconut palm petiole prepared by different mechanical processing
    • [14] Zhaoa, Y., Xua, C., Xing, C., Shia, X., Matuanab, L.M., Zhoua, H., Ma, X., Fabrication and characteristics of cellulose nanofibril films from coconut palm petiole prepared by different mechanical processing. Ind. Crops Prod. 65 (2015), 96–101.
    • (2015) Ind. Crops Prod. , vol.65 , pp. 96-101
    • Zhaoa, Y.1    Xua, C.2    Xing, C.3    Shia, X.4    Matuanab, L.M.5    Zhoua, H.6    Ma, X.7
  • 15
    • 80855147543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic derivatives of TEMPO-oxidized CNFs
    • [15] Johnson, R.K., Zink-Sharp, A., Glasser, W.G., Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic derivatives of TEMPO-oxidized CNFs. Cellulose 18 (2011), 1599–1609.
    • (2011) Cellulose , vol.18 , pp. 1599-1609
    • Johnson, R.K.1    Zink-Sharp, A.2    Glasser, W.G.3
  • 17
    • 84864209246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of TEMPO-mediated oxidation on properties of hemp fibers
    • [17] Milanovic, J., Kostic, M., Milanovic, P., Skundric, P., Influence of TEMPO-mediated oxidation on properties of hemp fibers. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (2012), 9750–9759.
    • (2012) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 9750-9759
    • Milanovic, J.1    Kostic, M.2    Milanovic, P.3    Skundric, P.4
  • 18
    • 84899433567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultralightweight and flexible silylated CNF sponges for the selective removal of oil from water
    • [18] Zhang, Z., Sèbe, G., Rentsch, D., Zimmermann, T., Tingaut, P., Ultralightweight and flexible silylated CNF sponges for the selective removal of oil from water. Chem. Mater 26 (2014), 2659–2668.
    • (2014) Chem. Mater , vol.26 , pp. 2659-2668
    • Zhang, Z.1    Sèbe, G.2    Rentsch, D.3    Zimmermann, T.4    Tingaut, P.5
  • 19
    • 84928427352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alkylation of mixed micro- and CNF to improve dispersion in polylactide
    • [19] Bae, J.H., Kim, S.H., Alkylation of mixed micro- and CNF to improve dispersion in polylactide. Polym. Intl 64 (2015), 821–827.
    • (2015) Polym. Intl , vol.64 , pp. 821-827
    • Bae, J.H.1    Kim, S.H.2
  • 20
    • 79960202528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From interfacial ring-opening polymerization to melt processing of cellulose nanowhisker-filled polylactide-based nanocomposites
    • [20] Goffin, A.-L., Raquez, J.-M., Duquesne, E., Siqueira, G., Habibi, Y., Dufresne, A., Dubois, P., From interfacial ring-opening polymerization to melt processing of cellulose nanowhisker-filled polylactide-based nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 12 (2011), 2456–2465.
    • (2011) Biomacromolecules , vol.12 , pp. 2456-2465
    • Goffin, A.-L.1    Raquez, J.-M.2    Duquesne, E.3    Siqueira, G.4    Habibi, Y.5    Dufresne, A.6    Dubois, P.7
  • 23
    • 84929453810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly
    • [23] Chen, N., Tong, Z., Yang, W., Brennan, A.B., Biocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid)-based copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose via ionic assembly. Carbohydr. Polym. 128 (2015), 122–129.
    • (2015) Carbohydr. Polym. , vol.128 , pp. 122-129
    • Chen, N.1    Tong, Z.2    Yang, W.3    Brennan, A.B.4
  • 24
    • 84871339916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of modified and unmodified cellulose nanofiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion
    • [24] Jonoobi, M., Mathew, A.P., Abdi, M.M., Makinejad, M.D., Oksman, K., A comparison of modified and unmodified cellulose nanofiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion. J. Polym. Environ. 20 (2012), 991–997.
    • (2012) J. Polym. Environ. , vol.20 , pp. 991-997
    • Jonoobi, M.1    Mathew, A.P.2    Abdi, M.M.3    Makinejad, M.D.4    Oksman, K.5
  • 25
    • 70350052550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface functionalisation of bacterial cellulose as the route to produce green polylactide nanocomposites with improved properties
    • [25] Lee, K.-Y., Blaker, J.J., Bismarck, A., Surface functionalisation of bacterial cellulose as the route to produce green polylactide nanocomposites with improved properties. Compos. Sci. Tech. 69 (2009), 2724–2733.
    • (2009) Compos. Sci. Tech. , vol.69 , pp. 2724-2733
    • Lee, K.-Y.1    Blaker, J.J.2    Bismarck, A.3
  • 26
    • 84898866156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface modification of cellulose nanowhiskers and their reinforcing effect in polylactide
    • [26] Lee, J.H., Park, S.H., Kim, S.H., Surface modification of cellulose nanowhiskers and their reinforcing effect in polylactide. Macromol. Res. 22 (2014), 424–430.
    • (2014) Macromol. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 424-430
    • Lee, J.H.1    Park, S.H.2    Kim, S.H.3
  • 27
    • 84939948255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface-restricted modification of CNF aerogelsin gas-phase esterification by di-functional fatty acid reagents
    • [27] Fumagalli, M., Sanchez, F., Molina-Boisseau, S., Heux, L., Surface-restricted modification of CNF aerogelsin gas-phase esterification by di-functional fatty acid reagents. Cellulose 22 (2015), 1451–1457.
    • (2015) Cellulose , vol.22 , pp. 1451-1457
    • Fumagalli, M.1    Sanchez, F.2    Molina-Boisseau, S.3    Heux, L.4
  • 28
    • 84882736924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transparent nanocellulosic multilayer thin films on polylactic acid with tunable gas barrier properties
    • [28] Aulin, C., Karabulut, E., Tran, A., Wagberg, L., Lindström, T., Transparent nanocellulosic multilayer thin films on polylactic acid with tunable gas barrier properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013), 7352–7359.
    • (2013) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , vol.5 , pp. 7352-7359
    • Aulin, C.1    Karabulut, E.2    Tran, A.3    Wagberg, L.4    Lindström, T.5
  • 29
    • 84875980174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transparent, conductive, and printable composites consisting of TEMPO-oxidized CNF and carbon nanotube
    • [29] Koga, H., Saito, T., Kitaoka, T., Nogi, M., Suganuma, K., Isogai, A., Transparent, conductive, and printable composites consisting of TEMPO-oxidized CNF and carbon nanotube. Biomacromolecules 14 (2013), 1160–1165.
    • (2013) Biomacromolecules , vol.14 , pp. 1160-1165
    • Koga, H.1    Saito, T.2    Kitaoka, T.3    Nogi, M.4    Suganuma, K.5    Isogai, A.6
  • 30
    • 84922818822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-assembled nanostructured cellulose prepared by a dissolution and regeneration process using phosphoric acid as a solvent
    • [30] Hao, X., Shen, W., Chen, Z., Zhu, J., Feng, L., Wu, Z., Wang, P., Zeng, X., Wu, T., Self-assembled nanostructured cellulose prepared by a dissolution and regeneration process using phosphoric acid as a solvent. Cabohydr. Polym. 123 (2015), 297–304.
    • (2015) Cabohydr. Polym. , vol.123 , pp. 297-304
    • Hao, X.1    Shen, W.2    Chen, Z.3    Zhu, J.4    Feng, L.5    Wu, Z.6    Wang, P.7    Zeng, X.8    Wu, T.9
  • 31
    • 84897969033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogels prepared from cross linked nanofibrillated cellulose
    • [31] Nair, S.S., Zhu, J.Y., Deng, Y., Ragauskas, A.J., Hydrogels prepared from cross linked nanofibrillated cellulose. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2 (2014), 772–780.
    • (2014) ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. , vol.2 , pp. 772-780
    • Nair, S.S.1    Zhu, J.Y.2    Deng, Y.3    Ragauskas, A.J.4
  • 32
    • 27844458135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the thermal properties of PLA fibers by modulated differential scanning calorimetry
    • [32] Solarski, S., Ferreira, M., Devaux, E., Characterization of the thermal properties of PLA fibers by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Polymer 46 (2005), 11187–11192.
    • (2005) Polymer , vol.46 , pp. 11187-11192
    • Solarski, S.1    Ferreira, M.2    Devaux, E.3
  • 33
    • 77956126020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanocomposites of PLA reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils
    • [33] Qu, P., Gao, Y., Wu, G., Zhang, L., Nanocomposites of PLA reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils. Bioresources 53 (2010), 1811–1823.
    • (2010) Bioresources , vol.53 , pp. 1811-1823
    • Qu, P.1    Gao, Y.2    Wu, G.3    Zhang, L.4
  • 34
    • 25144449026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
    • [34] Mathew, A.P., Oksman, K., Sain, M., Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 97 (2005), 2014–2025.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 2014-2025
    • Mathew, A.P.1    Oksman, K.2    Sain, M.3
  • 35
    • 84920831791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal, mechanical and degradation properties of nanocomposites prepared using lignin-cellulose nanofibers and PLA
    • 321–3224
    • [35] Wang, X., Sun, H., Bai, H., Zhang, L., Thermal, mechanical and degradation properties of nanocomposites prepared using lignin-cellulose nanofibers and PLA. Bioresources, 2, 2014 321–3224.
    • (2014) Bioresources , vol.2
    • Wang, X.1    Sun, H.2    Bai, H.3    Zhang, L.4
  • 37
    • 79751468874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of sugar alcohols by hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose over supported metal catalysts
    • [37] Kobayashi, H., Ito, Y., Komanoya, T., Hosaka, Y., Dhepe, P.L., Kasai, K., Hara, K., Fukuoka, A., Synthesis of sugar alcohols by hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose over supported metal catalysts. Green Chem. 13 (2011), 326–333.
    • (2011) Green Chem. , vol.13 , pp. 326-333
    • Kobayashi, H.1    Ito, Y.2    Komanoya, T.3    Hosaka, Y.4    Dhepe, P.L.5    Kasai, K.6    Hara, K.7    Fukuoka, A.8
  • 38
    • 0030813913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal and molecular structures of Cellulose I and II
    • [38] Kroon-Batenburg, L.M.J., Kroon, J., The crystal and molecular structures of Cellulose I and II. Glycoconj. J. 14 (1997), 677–690.
    • (1997) Glycoconj. J. , vol.14 , pp. 677-690
    • Kroon-Batenburg, L.M.J.1    Kroon, J.2
  • 39
    • 84969916044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polylactic acid nanocomposite films with spherical nanocelluloses as efficient nucleation agents: effects on crystallization, mechanical and thermal properties
    • [39] Lu, F., Yu, H., Yan, C., Yao, J., Polylactic acid nanocomposite films with spherical nanocelluloses as efficient nucleation agents: effects on crystallization, mechanical and thermal properties. RSC Adv. 6 (2016), 46008–46018.
    • (2016) RSC Adv. , vol.6 , pp. 46008-46018
    • Lu, F.1    Yu, H.2    Yan, C.3    Yao, J.4
  • 40
    • 84961569780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interfaces in green composites
    • [40] Kalita, D., Netravali, A.N., Interfaces in green composites. Rev. Adhes. Adhes. 3 (2015), 386–443.
    • (2015) Rev. Adhes. Adhes. , vol.3 , pp. 386-443
    • Kalita, D.1    Netravali, A.N.2
  • 41
    • 84919662336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticized polylactic acid/cellulose nanocomposites prepared using melt-extrusion and liquid feeding: mechanical, thermal and optical properties
    • [41] Herrera, N., Mathew, A.P., Oksman, K., Plasticized polylactic acid/cellulose nanocomposites prepared using melt-extrusion and liquid feeding: mechanical, thermal and optical properties. Compos. Sci. Technol. 106 (2015), 149–155.
    • (2015) Compos. Sci. Technol. , vol.106 , pp. 149-155
    • Herrera, N.1    Mathew, A.P.2    Oksman, K.3
  • 42
    • 84944405692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photo-polymerization, swelling and mechanical properties of cellulose fibre reinforced poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels
    • [42] Khoushabi, A., Schmocker, D.P., Pioletti, C., Moser, C., Schizas, J.A., Månson, P.E., Bourban, Photo-polymerization, swelling and mechanical properties of cellulose fibre reinforced poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Compos. Sci. Technol. 119 (2015), 93–99.
    • (2015) Compos. Sci. Technol. , vol.119 , pp. 93-99
    • Khoushabi, A.1    Schmocker, D.P.2    Pioletti, C.3    Moser, C.4    Schizas, J.A.5    Månson, P.E.6    Bourban7
  • 43
    • 84957033816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology, healing and mechanical performance of nanofibrillated cellulose reinforced poly(ε-caprolactone)/epoxy composites
    • [43] Zhang, Y., Song, P., Liu, H., Li, Q., Fu, S., Morphology, healing and mechanical performance of nanofibrillated cellulose reinforced poly(ε-caprolactone)/epoxy composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 125 (2016), 62–70.
    • (2016) Compos. Sci. Technol. , vol.125 , pp. 62-70
    • Zhang, Y.1    Song, P.2    Liu, H.3    Li, Q.4    Fu, S.5
  • 44
    • 84971249898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silica mesophases intercalated by cross- linked micelles of a sustainable oleyl diamine surfactant and metal ion uptake properties thereof
    • [44] Canlas, C.P., Pinnavaia, T.J., Silica mesophases intercalated by cross- linked micelles of a sustainable oleyl diamine surfactant and metal ion uptake properties thereof. New J. Chem., 40, 2016, 4406.
    • (2016) New J. Chem. , vol.40 , pp. 4406
    • Canlas, C.P.1    Pinnavaia, T.J.2
  • 45
    • 31544447179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the indirect polyelectrolyte hydration of cellulosic fibers: conditions for charge stoichiometry and comparison with ESCA
    • [45] Horvath, A.E., Lindstoerm, T., Laine, J., On the indirect polyelectrolyte hydration of cellulosic fibers: conditions for charge stoichiometry and comparison with ESCA. Langmuir 22 (2006), 824–830.
    • (2006) Langmuir , vol.22 , pp. 824-830
    • Horvath, A.E.1    Lindstoerm, T.2    Laine, J.3
  • 46
    • 84887991465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titrimetric methods for the determination of surface and total charge of functionalized nano fibrillated/micro fibrillated cellulose (NFC/MFC)
    • [46] Junka, K., Filpponen, I., Lindstoerm, T., Laine, J., Titrimetric methods for the determination of surface and total charge of functionalized nano fibrillated/micro fibrillated cellulose (NFC/MFC). Cellulose 20 (2013), 2887–2895.
    • (2013) Cellulose , vol.20 , pp. 2887-2895
    • Junka, K.1    Filpponen, I.2    Lindstoerm, T.3    Laine, J.4
  • 48
    • 84881505204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled defibrillation of rice straw cellulose and self assembly of cellulose nanofibrils into highly crystalline fibrous material
    • [48] Jiang, F., Han, S., Hsieh, Y.-L., Controlled defibrillation of rice straw cellulose and self assembly of cellulose nanofibrils into highly crystalline fibrous material. RSC Adv. 3 (2013), 12366–12375.
    • (2013) RSC Adv. , vol.3 , pp. 12366-12375
    • Jiang, F.1    Han, S.2    Hsieh, Y.-L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.