Understanding fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Physical Therapy Reviews

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 235-245

  Chatterton, Hilary J ^a   Spearing, Rachel M ^a  

^a MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CAUSE; FATIGUE; IMPACT; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Indexed keywords

EID: 85009203343     PISSN: 10833196     EISSN: 1743288X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/108331906X144154     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. MS, Society [Accessed 28/9/06] available from:
2. Weinshenker BG, Penman M, Bass B, Ebers GC, Rice GPA. A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of pemoline in fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1992;42:1468–71
3. Strober LB, Arnett PA. An examination of four models predicting fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2005;20:631–46
4. Lewis G, Wessely S. The epidemiology of fatigue: more questions than answers. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992;46:92–7
5. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue and basal ganglia. J Neurol Sci 2000;179:34–42
6. Schreurs KMG, de Ridder DTD, Bensing JM. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: reciprocal relationships with physical disabilities and depression. JPsychosom Res 2002;53:775–81
7. Iriarte J, Subira ML, Castro P. Modalities of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: correlation with clinical and biological factors. Mult Scler 2000;6:124–308 Krupp LB, Alvarez LA, LaRocca NG, Scheinberg LC. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1988;45:435–7
8. Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence-Based Management Strategies for Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis. 1998
9. Kersten P, McLellan DL. Evidence for a central mechanism in the process of fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil 1996;10:233–9
10. Lobentanz IS, Asenbaum S, Vass K, Sauter C, Klosch G, Kollegger H, et al. Factors influencing quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: disability, depressive mood, fatigue and sleep quality. Acta Neurol Scand 2004;110:6–13
11. Freal JE, Kraft GH, Coryell JK. Symptomatic fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984;65:135–8
12. Flachenecker P, Kumpfel T, Kallmann B, Gottschalk M, Grauer O, Rieckmann P, et al. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of different rating scales and correlation to clinical parameters. Mult Scler 2002;8:523–6
13. Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol 1989;46:1121–3
14. Benedict RHC, Thompson LL, Foley F, Weinstock-Guttman B, Munschauer F. Reliable screening for neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004;10:675–8
15. Bakshi R, Shaikh ZA, Miletich RS, Czarnecki D, Dmochowski J, Henschel K, et al. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis and its relationship to depression and neurologic disability. Mult Scler 2000;6:181–5
16. Janardhan V, Bakshi R. Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: the impact of fatigue and depression. J Neurol Sci 2002;205:51–8
17. Gulick EE, Touw MM. Work performance by persons with multiple sclerosis: conditions that impede or enable the performance of work. Int J Nurs Studies 1989;26:301–11
18. Flensner G, Lindencrona C. The cooling-suit: case studies of its influence on fatigue among eight individuals with multiple sclerosis. J Adv Nurs 2002;37:541–50
19. Flensner G, Ek AC, Soderhamn O. Lived experience of MS- related fatigue - a phenomenological interview study. Int J Nurs Studies 2003;40:707–17
20. Frzovic D, Morris ME, Vowels L. Clinical tests of standing balance: performance of persons with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:215–21
21. Morris ME, Cantwell C, Vowels L, Dodd K. Changes in gait and fatigue from morning to afternoon in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:361–5
22. Tartaglia MC, Narayanan S, Francis SJ, Santos AC, De Stefano N, Lapierre Y, et al. The relationship between diffuse axonal damage and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2004;61:201–7.
23. Giovannoni G, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Thompson EJ. Fatigue is not associated with raised inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2001;57:676–81
24. van der Werf SP, Jongen PJH, Lycklama a Nijeholt GJ, Barkhof F, Hommes OR, Bleijenberg G. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: interrelations between fatigue complaints, cerebral MRI abnormalities and neurological disability. J Neurol Sci 1998;160:164–70
25. Vercoulen JH, Hommes OR, Swanink CM, Jongen PJ, Fennis JF, Galama JM, et al. The measurement of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. A multidimensional comparison with patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy subjects. Arch Neurol 1996;53:642–9
26. Flachenecker P, Bihler I, Weber F, Gottschalk M, Toyka KV, Rieckmann P. Cytokine mRNA expression in patients with multiple sclerosis and fatigue. Mult Scler 2004;10:165–9
27. Kroencke DC, Lynch SG, Denney DR. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: relationship to depression, disability, and disease pattern. Mult Scler 2000;6:131–6
28. Schwartz CE, Coulthard-Morris L, Zeng Q. Psychosocial correlates of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77:165–70
29. Brück W, Lassmann H. The pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2002;8:93–7
30. Kidd D, Thompson PD, Day BL, Rothwell JC, Kendall BE, Thompson AJ, et al. Central motor conduction time in progressive multiple sclerosis. Correlations with MRI and disease activity. Brain 1998;121:1109–16
31. van der Werf SP, Evers A, Jongen PH, Bleijenberg G. The role of helplessness as mediator between neurological disability, emotional stability, experienced fatigue and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2003;9:89–94
32. Merkelbach S, Konig J, Sittinger H. Personality traits in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without fatigue experience. Acta Neurol Scand2003;107:195–201
33. Codella M, Rocca MA, Colombo B, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Comi G, Filippi M. Cerebral grey matter pathology and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study. J Neurol Sci 2002;194:71–4
34. Filippi M, Rocca MA, Codella M, Colombo B, Rossi P, Martinelli-Boneschi F, et al. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue. NeuroImage 2001;13(Suppl 1):790.
35. Filippi M, Rocca MA, Colombo B, Falini A, Codella M, Scotti G, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. NeuroImage 2002;15:559–67
36. Codella M, Rocca MA, Colombo B, Rossi P, Comi G, Filippi M. A preliminary study of magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor MRI of multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue. J Neurol 2002;249:535–7
37. Colombo B, Martinelli Boneschi F, Rossi P, Rovaris M, Maderna L, Filippi M, et al. MRI and motor evoked potential findings in nondisabled multiple sclerosis patients with and without symptoms of fatigue. J Neurol 2000;247:506–9
38. Mainero C, Faroni J, Gasperini C, Filippi M, Giugni E, Ciccarelli O, et al. Fatigue and magnetic resonance imaging activity in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 1999;246:454–8
39. Marrie RA, Fisher E, Miller DM, Lee J-C, Rudick RA. Association of fatigue and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2005;228:161–6
40. Gottschalk M, Kumpfel T, Flachenecker P, Uhr M, Trenkwalder C, Holsboer F, et al. Fatigue and regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005;62:277–80
41. Gottschalk M, Kumpfel T, Flachenecker P, Uhr M, Trenkwalder C, Holsboer F, et al. Fatigue and regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005;62:277–80
42. Heesen C, Gold SM, Raji A, Wiedemann K, Schulz KH. Cognitive impairment correlates with hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenal axis dysregulation in multiple sclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2002;27:505–17
43. Chiara T, Carlos JJ, Martin D, Miller RG, Nadeau S. Cold effect on oxygen uptake, perceived exertion, and spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79:523–8
44. Guthrie TC, Nelson DA. Influence of temperature changes on multiple sclerosis: critical review of mechanisms and research potential. J Neurol Sci 1995;129:1–8
45. Liepert J, Mingers D, Heesen C, Baumer T, Weiller C. Motor cortex excitability and fatigue in multiple sclerosis; a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Mult Scler 2005;11:316–21
46. Leocani L, Colombo B, Magnani G, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Cursi M, Rossi P, et al. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is associated with abnormal cortical activation to voluntary movement - EEG evidence. NeuroImage 2001;13:1186–92
47. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study. Neurology 1997;48:1566–71
48. McDougall AJ, McLeod JG. Autonomic nervous system function in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2003;215:79–85
49. Acevedo AR, Nava C, Arriada N, Violante A, Corona T. Cardiovascular dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2000;101:85–8
50. Flachenecker P, Wolf A, Krauser M, Hartung HP, Reiners K. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: correlation with orthostatic intolerance. J Neurol 1999;246:578–86
51. Merkelbach S, Dillmann U, Kolmel C, Holz I, Muller M. Cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2001;7:320–6
52. Keselbrener L, Akselrod S, Ahiron A, Eldar M, Barak Y, Rotstein Z. Is fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis related to autonomic dysfunction? Clin Auton Res 2000;10:169–75
53. Ng AV, Dao HT, Miller RG, Gelinas DF, Kent-Braun JA. Blunted pressor and intramuscular metabolic responses to voluntary isometric exercise. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:871–80
54. Flachenecker P, Rufer A, Bihler I, Hippel C, Reiners K, Toyka KV, et al. Fatigue in MS is relate to sympathetic vasomotor dysfunction. Neurology 2003;61:851–3
55. Egg R, Hogl B, Glatzl S, Beer R, Berger T. Autonomic instability, as measured by pupillary unrest, is not associated with multiple sclerosis fatigue severity. Mult Scler 2002;8:256–60
56. Cohen JA, Hossack KF, Franklin GM. Multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue: relationship among temperature regulation, autonomic dysfunction, and exercise capacity. J Neurol Rehabil 1989;3:193–8
57. Flachenecker P, Reiners K, Krauser M, Wolf A, Toyka KV. Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis is related to disease activity and progression of disability. Mult Scler 2001;7:327–34
58. de Seze J, Stojkovic T, Gauvrit JY, Devos D, Ayachi M, Cassim F, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: cervical spinal cord atrophy correlates. J Neurol 2001;248:297–303
59. Buyse B, Demedts M, Meekers J, Vandegaer L, Rochette F, Kerkhofs L. Respiratory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a prospective analysis of 60 patients. Eur Respir J 1997;10:139–45
60. Rasova K, Brandejsky P, Havrdova E, Zalisova M, Rexova P. Spiroergometric and spirometric parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis: are there any links between these parameters and fatigue, depression, neurological impairment, disability, handicap and quality of life in multiple sclerosis? Mult Scler 2005;11:213–21
61. Klefbeck B, Hamrah Nedjad J. Effect of inspiratory muscle training in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:994–9
62. Grasso MG, Lubich S, Guidi L, Rinnenburger D, Paolucci S. Cerebellar deficit and respiratory impairment: a strong association in multiple sclerosis? Acta Neurol Scand 2000;101:98–103
63. Garland SJ, Lavoie BA, Brown WF. Motor control of the diaphragm in multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1996;19:654–6
64. Gosselink R, Kovacs L, Ketelaer P, Carton H, Decramer M. Respiratory muscle weakness and respiratory muscle training in severely disabled multiple sclerosis patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:747–51
65. Foglio KCE, Facchetti D, Vitacca M, Marangoni S, Bonomelli M, Ambrosino N. Respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity in multiple sclerosis. Eur Respir J 1994;7:23–8
66. Romberg A, Virtanen A, Aunola S, Karppi S-L, Karanko H, Ruutiainen J. Exercise capacity, disability and leisure physical activity of subjects with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004;10:212–8
67. de Haan A, de Ruiter CJ, van Der Woude LH, Jongen PJ. Contractile properties and fatigue of quadriceps muscles in multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2000;23:1534–41
68. Olgiati R, Jacquet J, Di Prampero PE. Energy cost of walking and exertional dyspnea in multiple sclerosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;134:1005–10
69. White LJ, McCoy SC, Castellano V, Gutierrez G, Stevens JE, Walter GA, et al. Resistance training improves strength and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004;10:668–74
70. Garner DJ, Widrick JJ. Cross-bridge mechanisms of muscle weakness in multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2003;27:456–64
71. Rice CLV, Bigland-Ritchie B. Neuromuscular responses of patients with multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1992;15:1123–32
72. Kent-Braun JAN, Castro AV, Weiner M, Gelinas MW, Dudley GA, Miller RG., Strength, skeletal, muscle composition and enzyme activity in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;82:449–56
73. Ng AV, Miller RG, Gelinas D, Kent-Braun JA. Functional relationships of central and peripheral muscle alterations in multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2004;29:843–52
74. Lambert CP, Archer RL, Evans WJ. Muscle strength and fatigue during isokinetic exercise in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1613–9
75. Schwid SR, Thornton CA, Pandya S, Manzur KL, Sanjak M, Petrie MD, et al. Quantitative assessment of motor fatigue and strength in MS. Neurology 1999;53:743–50
76. Ng AV, Miller RG, Kent-Braun JA. Central motor drive is increased during voluntary muscle contractions in multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1213–8
77. Sharma KR, Kent-Braun J, Mynhier MA, Weiner MW, Miller RG. Evidence of an abnormal intramuscular component of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1995;18:1403–11
78. Schubert M, Wohlfarth K, Rollnik JD, Dengler R. Walking and fatigue in multiple sclerosis: the role of the corticospinal system. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:1068–70
79. Mohr DC, Hart SL, Goldberg A. Effects of treatment for depression on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Psychosom Med 2003;65:542–7
80. Vercoulen JHMM, Swanink CMA, Galama JMD, Fennis JFM, Jongen PJH, Hommes OR, et al. The persistence of fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis: development of a model. JPsychosom Res 1998;45:507–17
81. Jopson NM, Moss-Morris R. The role of illness severity and illness representations in adjusting to multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:503–11.
82. Mathiowetz VM, Murphy ME. Efficacy of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:449–56
83. Mathiowetz VG, Finlayson ML, Matsuka KM, Chen HY, Luo P. Randomized control led trial of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2005;11:592–601
84. Vanage SM, Gilbertson KK, Mathiowetz V. Effects of an energy conservation course on fatigue impact for persons with progressive multiple sclerosis. Am J Occup Ther 2003;57:315–23
85. Christodoulou C, Deluca J, Johnson SK, Lange G, Gaudino EA, Natelson BH. Examination of Cloninger’s basic dimensions of personality in fatiguing illness: chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res 1999;47:597–607
86. Johnson SK, DeLuca J, Natelson BH. Personality dimensions in the chronic fatigue syndrome: a comparison with multiple sclerosis and depression. J Psychiatr Res 1996;30:9–20
87. Costa PT, McCrae RR. The NEO Personality Inventory Manual. Florida: Odessa, 1985
88. Chalder T, Berelowitz G, Pawlikowska T, Watts L, Wessely S, Wright D, et al. Development of a fatigue scale. J Psychosom Res 1993;37:147–53
89. Attarian HP, Brown KM, Duntley SP, Carter JD, Cross AH. The relationship of sleep disturbances and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2004;61:525–8