메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 234-241

Fluoroquinolones or macrolides in combination with β-lactams in adult patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author keywords

Azithromycin; Carbapenem; Cephalosporin; Ciprofloxacin; Clarithromycin; Levofloxacin; Moxifloxacin; Penicillin

Indexed keywords

BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; MACROLIDE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BETA LACTAM; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 85009174984     PISSN: 1198743X     EISSN: 14690691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 85016809616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on 2004 Background Paper
    • BP 6.22 Pneumonia Accessed 15 June 2016. Available at:
    • [1] Tong, N., Update on 2004 Background Paper. BP 6.22 Pneumonia, 2013 Accessed 15 June 2016. Available at: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/priority_medicines/BP6_22Pneumo.pdf.
    • (2013)
    • Tong, N.1
  • 2
    • 84886703480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence rate and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia in a working-age population
    • [2] Broulette, J., Yu, H., Pyenson, B., Iwasaki, K., Sato, R., The incidence rate and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia in a working-age population. Am Health Drug Benefits 6 (2013), 494–503.
    • (2013) Am Health Drug Benefits , vol.6 , pp. 494-503
    • Broulette, J.1    Yu, H.2    Pyenson, B.3    Iwasaki, K.4    Sato, R.5
  • 3
    • 77950344427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults
    • [3] File, T.M. Jr., Marrie, T.J., Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med 122 (2010), 130–141.
    • (2010) Postgrad Med , vol.122 , pp. 130-141
    • File, T.M.1    Marrie, T.J.2
  • 4
    • 84957922148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review
    • [4] Lee, J.S., Giesler, D.L., Gellad, W.F., Fine, M.J., Antibiotic Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review. JAMA 315 (2016), 593–602.
    • (2016) JAMA , vol.315 , pp. 593-602
    • Lee, J.S.1    Giesler, D.L.2    Gellad, W.F.3    Fine, M.J.4
  • 5
    • 77749342622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines of the Paul-Ehrlich-Society of Chemotherapy, the German Respiratory Diseases Society, the German Infectious Diseases Society and of the Competence Network CAPNETZ for the Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Community-acquired Pneumonia
    • [5] Hoffken, G., Lorenz, J., Kern, W., Welte, T., Bauer, T., Dalhoff, K., et al. Guidelines of the Paul-Ehrlich-Society of Chemotherapy, the German Respiratory Diseases Society, the German Infectious Diseases Society and of the Competence Network CAPNETZ for the Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Community-acquired Pneumonia. Pneumologie 64 (2010), 149–154.
    • (2010) Pneumologie , vol.64 , pp. 149-154
    • Hoffken, G.1    Lorenz, J.2    Kern, W.3    Welte, T.4    Bauer, T.5    Dalhoff, K.6
  • 6
    • 77349095417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009
    • [6] Lim, W.S., Baudouin, S.V., George, R.C., Hill, A.T., Jamieson, C., Le Jeune, I., et al. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax 64:Suppl 3 (2009), 1–55.
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , pp. 1-55
    • Lim, W.S.1    Baudouin, S.V.2    George, R.C.3    Hill, A.T.4    Jamieson, C.5    Le Jeune, I.6
  • 7
    • 33847155159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
    • [7] Mandell, L.A., Wunderink, R.G., Anzueto, A., Bartlett, J.G., Campbell, G.D., Dean, N.C., et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 44:Suppl 2 (2007), S27–S72.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. S27-S72
    • Mandell, L.A.1    Wunderink, R.G.2    Anzueto, A.3    Bartlett, J.G.4    Campbell, G.D.5    Dean, N.C.6
  • 8
    • 84874167984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swedish guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults–Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases 2012
    • [8] Spindler, C., Stralin, K., Eriksson, L., Hjerdt-Goscinski, G., Holmberg, H., Lidman, C., et al. Swedish guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults–Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases 2012. Scand J Infect Dis 44 (2012), 885–902.
    • (2012) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 885-902
    • Spindler, C.1    Stralin, K.2    Eriksson, L.3    Hjerdt-Goscinski, G.4    Holmberg, H.5    Lidman, C.6
  • 9
    • 84858595099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SWAB/NVALT (Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy and Dutch Association of Chest Physicians) guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
    • [9] Wiersinga, W.J., Bonten, M.J., Boersma, W.G., Jonkers, R.E., Aleva, R.M., Kullberg, B.J., et al. SWAB/NVALT (Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy and Dutch Association of Chest Physicians) guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Neth J Med 70 (2012), 90–101.
    • (2012) Neth J Med , vol.70 , pp. 90-101
    • Wiersinga, W.J.1    Bonten, M.J.2    Boersma, W.G.3    Jonkers, R.E.4    Aleva, R.M.5    Kullberg, B.J.6
  • 10
    • 80053284682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections–full version
    • [10] Woodhead, M., Blasi, F., Ewig, S., Garau, J., Huchon, G., Ieven, M., et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections–full version. Clin Microbiol Infect 17:Suppl 6 (2011), E1–E59.
    • (2011) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.17 , pp. E1-E59
    • Woodhead, M.1    Blasi, F.2    Ewig, S.3    Garau, J.4    Huchon, G.5    Ieven, M.6
  • 11
    • 4143124486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrolides and ketolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin
    • 621–49, xi
    • [11] Zuckerman, J.M., Macrolides and ketolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 18, 2004 621–49, xi.
    • (2004) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.18
    • Zuckerman, J.M.1
  • 12
    • 77957754399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community acquired pneumonia. New guidelines of the Spanish Society of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR)
    • [12] Menendez, R., Torres, A., Aspa, J., Capelastegui, A., Prat, C., Rodriguez de Castro, F., Community acquired pneumonia. New guidelines of the Spanish Society of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR). Arch Bronconeumol 46 (2010), 543–558.
    • (2010) Arch Bronconeumol , vol.46 , pp. 543-558
    • Menendez, R.1    Torres, A.2    Aspa, J.3    Capelastegui, A.4    Prat, C.5    Rodriguez de Castro, F.6
  • 13
    • 84919486371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta-Lactam monotherapy vs beta-lactam-macrolide combination treatment in moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized noninferiority trial
    • [13] Garin, N., Genne, D., Carballo, S., Chuard, C., Eich, G., Hugli, O., et al. beta-Lactam monotherapy vs beta-lactam-macrolide combination treatment in moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized noninferiority trial. JAMA Intern Med 174 (2014), 1894–1901.
    • (2014) JAMA Intern Med , vol.174 , pp. 1894-1901
    • Garin, N.1    Genne, D.2    Carballo, S.3    Chuard, C.4    Eich, G.5    Hugli, O.6
  • 15
    • 57349155272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • [15] Vardakas Siempos, K.Z. II, Grammatikos, A., Athanassa, Z., Korbila, I.P., Falagas, M.E., Respiratory fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 179 (2008), 1269–1277.
    • (2008) CMAJ , vol.179 , pp. 1269-1277
    • Vardakas Siempos, K.Z.1    Grammatikos, A.2    Athanassa, Z.3    Korbila, I.P.4    Falagas, M.E.5
  • 16
    • 84919465547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The debate on antibiotic therapy for patients hospitalized for pneumonia: where should we go from here?
    • [16] Lee, J.S., Fine, M.J., The debate on antibiotic therapy for patients hospitalized for pneumonia: where should we go from here?. JAMA Intern Med 174 (2014), 1901–1903.
    • (2014) JAMA Intern Med , vol.174 , pp. 1901-1903
    • Lee, J.S.1    Fine, M.J.2
  • 17
    • 84903904746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta-Lactam/macrolide dual therapy versus beta-lactam monotherapy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • [17] Nie, W., Li, B., Xiu, Q., beta-Lactam/macrolide dual therapy versus beta-lactam monotherapy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 69 (2014), 1441–1446.
    • (2014) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.69 , pp. 1441-1446
    • Nie, W.1    Li, B.2    Xiu, Q.3
  • 18
    • 43249099098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moxifloxacin monotherapy is effective in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the MOTIV study–a randomized clinical trial
    • [18] Torres, A., Garau, J., Arvis, P., Carlet, J., Choudhri, S., Kureishi, A., et al. Moxifloxacin monotherapy is effective in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the MOTIV study–a randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis 46 (2008), 1499–1509.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1499-1509
    • Torres, A.1    Garau, J.2    Arvis, P.3    Carlet, J.4    Choudhri, S.5    Kureishi, A.6
  • 19
    • 13644269309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia
    • [19] Infectious Society of America, Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171 (2005), 388–416.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 388-416
    • Infectious Society of America1
  • 20
    • 0142075903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument
    • [20] Slim, K., Nini, E., Forestier, D., Kwiatkowski, F., Panis, Y., Chipponi, J., Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg 73 (2003), 712–716.
    • (2003) ANZ J Surg , vol.73 , pp. 712-716
    • Slim, K.1    Nini, E.2    Forestier, D.3    Kwiatkowski, F.4    Panis, Y.5    Chipponi, J.6
  • 21
    • 43249093669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians?
    • [21] Guyatt, G.H., Oxman, A.D., Kunz, R., Vist, G.E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Schunemann, H.J., What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians?. BMJ 336 (2008), 995–998.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 995-998
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Oxman, A.D.2    Kunz, R.3    Vist, G.E.4    Falck-Ytter, Y.5    Schunemann, H.J.6
  • 22
    • 85016733736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:.
    • [22] Effect estimates and generic inverse variance meta-analysis. Available at: http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_7/7_7_7_1_effect_estimates_and_generic_inverse_variance.htm.
  • 23
    • 84861109391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of confounders and intermediates on the association of bacteraemia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and patient outcome: a meta-analysis
    • [23] Rottier, W.C., Ammerlaan, H.S., Bonten, M.J., Effects of confounders and intermediates on the association of bacteraemia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and patient outcome: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 67 (2012), 1311–1320.
    • (2012) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.67 , pp. 1311-1320
    • Rottier, W.C.1    Ammerlaan, H.S.2    Bonten, M.J.3
  • 24
    • 84887362831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial use of one or two antibiotics for critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia: impact on survival and bacterial resistance
    • [24] Adrie, C., Schwebel, C., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Vignoud, L., Planquette, B., Azoulay, E., et al. Initial use of one or two antibiotics for critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia: impact on survival and bacterial resistance. Crit Care, 17, 2013, R265.
    • (2013) Crit Care , vol.17 , pp. R265
    • Adrie, C.1    Schwebel, C.2    Garrouste-Orgeas, M.3    Vignoud, L.4    Planquette, B.5    Azoulay, E.6
  • 25
    • 58149260516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial antibiotic selection and patient outcomes: observations from the National Pneumonia Project
    • [25] Bratzler, D.W., Ma, A., Nsa, W., Initial antibiotic selection and patient outcomes: observations from the National Pneumonia Project. Clin Infect Dis 47:Suppl 3 (2008), S193–S201.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. S193-S201
    • Bratzler, D.W.1    Ma, A.2    Nsa, W.3
  • 26
    • 22544457634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: a comparative study of outcomes by medical specialty area
    • [26] Capelastegui, A., Espana, P.P., Quintana, J.M., Gorordo, I., Martinez Urquiri, A., Idoiaga, I., et al. Patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: a comparative study of outcomes by medical specialty area. Arch Bronconeumol 41 (2005), 300–306.
    • (2005) Arch Bronconeumol , vol.41 , pp. 300-306
    • Capelastegui, A.1    Espana, P.P.2    Quintana, J.M.3    Gorordo, I.4    Martinez Urquiri, A.5    Idoiaga, I.6
  • 27
    • 33745901636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of clinical practice in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia over a 4-year period
    • [27] Capelastegui, A., Espana, P.P., Quintana, J.M., Gorordo, I., Sanudo, C., Bilbao, A., Evaluation of clinical practice in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia over a 4-year period. Arch Bronconeumol 42 (2006), 283–289.
    • (2006) Arch Bronconeumol , vol.42 , pp. 283-289
    • Capelastegui, A.1    Espana, P.P.2    Quintana, J.M.3    Gorordo, I.4    Sanudo, C.5    Bilbao, A.6
  • 28
    • 43249097833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Australia: why penicillin plus doxycycline or a macrolide is the most appropriate therapy
    • [28] Charles, P.G., Whitby, M., Fuller, A.J., Stirling, R., Wright, A.A., Korman, T.M., et al. The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Australia: why penicillin plus doxycycline or a macrolide is the most appropriate therapy. Clin Infect Dis 46 (2008), 1513–1521.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1513-1521
    • Charles, P.G.1    Whitby, M.2    Fuller, A.J.3    Stirling, R.4    Wright, A.A.5    Korman, T.M.6
  • 29
    • 33748796684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of guideline-concordant empiric antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia
    • [29] Frei, C.R., Restrepo, M.I., Mortensen, E.M., Burgess, D.S., Impact of guideline-concordant empiric antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 119 (2006), 865–871.
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , pp. 865-871
    • Frei, C.R.1    Restrepo, M.I.2    Mortensen, E.M.3    Burgess, D.S.4
  • 30
    • 0034939765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empiric antibiotic therapy and mortality among medicare pneumonia inpatients in 10 western states: 1993, 1995, and 1997
    • [30] Houck, P.M., MacLehose, R.F., Niederman, M.S., Lowery, J.K., Empiric antibiotic therapy and mortality among medicare pneumonia inpatients in 10 western states: 1993, 1995, and 1997. Chest 119 (2001), 1420–1426.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1420-1426
    • Houck, P.M.1    MacLehose, R.F.2    Niederman, M.S.3    Lowery, J.K.4
  • 31
    • 84876289809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia treated with beta-lactam-respiratory quinolone vs. beta-lactam-macrolide combination
    • [31] Karhu, J., Ala-Kokko, T.I., Ohtonen, P., Syrjala, H., Severe community-acquired pneumonia treated with beta-lactam-respiratory quinolone vs. beta-lactam-macrolide combination. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 57 (2013), 587–593.
    • (2013) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.57 , pp. 587-593
    • Karhu, J.1    Ala-Kokko, T.I.2    Ohtonen, P.3    Syrjala, H.4
  • 32
    • 84942614943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real life management of community-acquired Pneumonia in adults in the Gulf region and comparison with practice guidelines: a prospective study
    • [32] Mahboub, B., Al Zaabi, A., Al Ali, O.M., Ahmed, R., Niederman, M.S., El-Bishbishi, R., Real life management of community-acquired Pneumonia in adults in the Gulf region and comparison with practice guidelines: a prospective study. BMC Pulm Med, 15, 2015, 112.
    • (2015) BMC Pulm Med , vol.15 , pp. 112
    • Mahboub, B.1    Al Zaabi, A.2    Al Ali, O.M.3    Ahmed, R.4    Niederman, M.S.5    El-Bishbishi, R.6
  • 33
    • 77951209165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination antibiotic therapy with macrolides improves survival in intubated patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • [33] Martin-Loeches, I., Lisboa, T., Rodriguez, A., Putensen, C., Annane, D., Garnacho-Montero, J., et al. Combination antibiotic therapy with macrolides improves survival in intubated patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 36 (2010), 612–620.
    • (2010) Intensive Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 612-620
    • Martin-Loeches, I.1    Lisboa, T.2    Rodriguez, A.3    Putensen, C.4    Annane, D.5    Garnacho-Montero, J.6
  • 34
    • 84855410035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial management of pneumonia and sepsis: factors associated with improved outcome
    • [34] Menendez, R., Torres, A., Reyes, S., Zalacain, R., Capelastegui, A., Aspa, J., et al. Initial management of pneumonia and sepsis: factors associated with improved outcome. Eur Respir J 39 (2012), 156–162.
    • (2012) Eur Respir J , vol.39 , pp. 156-162
    • Menendez, R.1    Torres, A.2    Reyes, S.3    Zalacain, R.4    Capelastegui, A.5    Aspa, J.6
  • 35
    • 35748976854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia at a Tertiary-Care Teaching Hospital
    • [35] Minhas, R., Walker, S.A.N., Rachlis, A., Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia at a Tertiary-Care Teaching Hospital. Can J Hosp Pharm 60 (2007), 245–256.
    • (2007) Can J Hosp Pharm , vol.60 , pp. 245-256
    • Minhas, R.1    Walker, S.A.N.2    Rachlis, A.3
  • 36
    • 84864945655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcome of severe pneumococcal pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit: a multicenter study
    • [36] Mongardon, N., Max, A., Bougle, A., Pene, F., Lemiale, V., Charpentier, J., et al. Epidemiology and outcome of severe pneumococcal pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit: a multicenter study. Crit Care, 16, 2012, R155.
    • (2012) Crit Care , vol.16 , pp. R155
    • Mongardon, N.1    Max, A.2    Bougle, A.3    Pene, F.4    Lemiale, V.5    Charpentier, J.6
  • 37
    • 34447560954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of empiric antimicrobial therapy with a beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone on mortality for patients hospitalized with severe pneumonia
    • [37] Mortensen, E.M., Restrepo, M.I., Anzueto, A., Pugh, J., The impact of empiric antimicrobial therapy with a beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone on mortality for patients hospitalized with severe pneumonia. Crit Care, 10, 2006, R8.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. R8
    • Mortensen, E.M.1    Restrepo, M.I.2    Anzueto, A.3    Pugh, J.4
  • 38
    • 84877600674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of host, bacterial factors and antibiotic treatment to mortality in adult patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • [38] Naucler, P., Darenberg, J., Morfeldt, E., Ortqvist, A., Henriques Normark, B., Contribution of host, bacterial factors and antibiotic treatment to mortality in adult patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia. Thorax 68 (2013), 571–579.
    • (2013) Thorax , vol.68 , pp. 571-579
    • Naucler, P.1    Darenberg, J.2    Morfeldt, E.3    Ortqvist, A.4    Henriques Normark, B.5
  • 39
    • 0034890569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monotherapy may be suboptimal for severe bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • [39] Waterer, G.W., Somes, G.W., Wunderink, R.G., Monotherapy may be suboptimal for severe bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 161 (2001), 1837–1842.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 1837-1842
    • Waterer, G.W.1    Somes, G.W.2    Wunderink, R.G.3
  • 40
    • 84864278373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two guideline-concordant antimicrobial combinations in elderly patients hospitalized with severe community-acquired pneumonia
    • [40] Wilson, B.Z., Anzueto, A., Restrepo, M.I., Pugh, M.J., Mortensen, E.M., Comparison of two guideline-concordant antimicrobial combinations in elderly patients hospitalized with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 40 (2012), 2310–2314.
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 2310-2314
    • Wilson, B.Z.1    Anzueto, A.2    Restrepo, M.I.3    Pugh, M.J.4    Mortensen, E.M.5
  • 41
    • 84893313755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrolides and mortality in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • [41] Sligl, W.I., Asadi, L., Eurich, D.T., Tjosvold, L., Marrie, T.J., Majumdar, S.R., Macrolides and mortality in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 42 (2014), 420–432.
    • (2014) Crit Care Med , vol.42 , pp. 420-432
    • Sligl, W.I.1    Asadi, L.2    Eurich, D.T.3    Tjosvold, L.4    Marrie, T.J.5    Majumdar, S.R.6
  • 43
    • 22244459177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of levofloxacin and cefotaxime combined with ofloxacin for ICU patients with community-acquired pneumonia who do not require vasopressors
    • [43] Leroy, O., Saux, P., Bedos, J.P., Caulin, E., Comparison of levofloxacin and cefotaxime combined with ofloxacin for ICU patients with community-acquired pneumonia who do not require vasopressors. Chest 128 (2005), 172–183.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 172-183
    • Leroy, O.1    Saux, P.2    Bedos, J.P.3    Caulin, E.4
  • 44
    • 0037199689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azithromycin modulates neutrophil function and circulating inflammatory mediators in healthy human subjects
    • [44] Culic, O., Erakovic, V., Cepelak, I., Barisic, K., Brajsa, K., Ferencic, Z., et al. Azithromycin modulates neutrophil function and circulating inflammatory mediators in healthy human subjects. Eur J Pharmacol 450 (2002), 277–289.
    • (2002) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.450 , pp. 277-289
    • Culic, O.1    Erakovic, V.2    Cepelak, I.3    Barisic, K.4    Brajsa, K.5    Ferencic, Z.6
  • 45
    • 15044339741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory effects of antimicrobials in the therapy of respiratory tract infections
    • [45] Parnham, M.J., Immunomodulatory effects of antimicrobials in the therapy of respiratory tract infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 18 (2005), 125–131.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.18 , pp. 125-131
    • Parnham, M.J.1
  • 46
    • 0037865212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory effects of quinolones
    • [46] Dalhoff, A., Shalit, I., Immunomodulatory effects of quinolones. Lancet Infect Dis 3 (2003), 359–371.
    • (2003) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 359-371
    • Dalhoff, A.1    Shalit, I.2
  • 47
    • 33745478885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing the right combination therapy in severe community-acquired pneumonia
    • [47] Waterer, G.W., Rello, J., Choosing the right combination therapy in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care, 10, 2006, 115.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 115
    • Waterer, G.W.1    Rello, J.2
  • 48
    • 24644439165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of three antibiotics on T helper cell cytokine expression
    • [48] Williams, A.C., Galley, H.F., Watt, A.M., Webster, N.R., Differential effects of three antibiotics on T helper cell cytokine expression. J Antimicrob Chemother 56 (2005), 502–506.
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 502-506
    • Williams, A.C.1    Galley, H.F.2    Watt, A.M.3    Webster, N.R.4
  • 49
    • 84863933351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrolide-based regimens and mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • [49] Asadi, L., Sligl, W.I., Eurich, D.T., Colmers, I.N., Tjosvold, L., Marrie, T.J., et al. Macrolide-based regimens and mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 55 (2012), 371–380.
    • (2012) Clin Infect Dis , vol.55 , pp. 371-380
    • Asadi, L.1    Sligl, W.I.2    Eurich, D.T.3    Colmers, I.N.4    Tjosvold, L.5    Marrie, T.J.6
  • 50
    • 84940446806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolones or macrolides alone versus combined with beta-lactams for adults with community-acquired pneumonia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • [50] Raz-Pasteur, A., Shasha, D., Paul, M., Fluoroquinolones or macrolides alone versus combined with beta-lactams for adults with community-acquired pneumonia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 46 (2015), 242–248.
    • (2015) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.46 , pp. 242-248
    • Raz-Pasteur, A.1    Shasha, D.2    Paul, M.3
  • 51
    • 79952793761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of synergy of combinations of beta-lactams with fluoroquinolones or a macrolide in Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • [51] Drago, L., Nicola, L., Rodighiero, V., Larosa, M., Mattina, R., De Vecchi, E., Comparative evaluation of synergy of combinations of beta-lactams with fluoroquinolones or a macrolide in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 66 (2011), 845–849.
    • (2011) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.66 , pp. 845-849
    • Drago, L.1    Nicola, L.2    Rodighiero, V.3    Larosa, M.4    Mattina, R.5    De Vecchi, E.6
  • 52
    • 84875371294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta-Lactam plus aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone combination versus beta-lactam monotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a meta-analysis
    • [52] Vardakas, K.Z., Tansarli, G.S., Bliziotis, I.A., Falagas, M.E., beta-Lactam plus aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone combination versus beta-lactam monotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 41 (2013), 301–310.
    • (2013) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.41 , pp. 301-310
    • Vardakas, K.Z.1    Tansarli, G.S.2    Bliziotis, I.A.3    Falagas, M.E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.