The physical health challenges in patients with severe mental illness: Cardiovascular and metabolic risks

Journal of Psychopharmacology

Volumn 24, Issue , 2010, Pages 1-8

  Deakin, Bill ^a   Ferrier, Nicol ^b   Holt, Richard I G ^c   Millar, Helen ^d   Nutt, David J ^e   Reynolds, Gavin ^f   Samani, Nilesh ^g,h   Taylor, David ⁱ  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^d NHS TAYSIDE   (United Kingdom)

^e IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^f QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^g UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^h Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

BIPOLAR DISORDER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; DEATH; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEALTH; HUMAN; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; LIFESTYLE; MENTAL DISEASE; METABOLIC DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SECONDARY HEALTH CARE; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 85008432817     PISSN: 02698811     EISSN: 14617285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1359786810374863     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Alberti G, Zimmet P, Shaw J and Grundy SM (2005) International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Brussels: IDF 2005.
2. Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, et al. (1999) Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am J Psychiatry 156: 1686–1696.
3. Arranz B, Rosel P, Ramírez N, et al. (2004) Insulin resistance and increased leptin concentrations in noncompliant schizophrenia patients but not in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 65: 1335–1342.
4. Assmann G, Schulte H, Cullen P and Seedorf U (2007) Assessing risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: new data from the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study. Eur J Clin Invest 37: 925–932.
5. Barnes TRE, Paton C, Hancock E, et al. (2008) Screening for metabolic syndrome in community psychiatric patients prescribed antipsychotics: a quality improvement programme. Acta Psychiatr Scand 118: 26–33.
6. Barnett AH, Mackin P, Chaudhry I, et al. (2007) Minimising cardiovascular and metabolic risk in schizophrenia; diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia. J Psychopharmacol 21: 357–373.
7. Bennett et al. (1994) Side Effect Scale/Checlist for Antipsychotic Medication (SESCAM). Available at: http://www.schizophreniaguidelines.co.uk/resources/Resources/SESCAM.pdf
8. Brown S (1997) Excess mortality of schizophrenia. A meta-analysis. Br J Psych 171: 502–508.
9. Chagnon YC (2006) Susceptibility genes for the side effect of antipsychotics on body weight and obesity. Curr Drug Targets 7: 1681–1695.
10. Citrome LL, Holt RI, Zachry WM, et al. (2007) Risk of treatment-emergent diabetes mellitus in patients receiving antipsychotics. Ann Pharmacother 41: 1593–1603.
11. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A and Manson JE (1995) Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med 122: 481–486.
12. De Hert M, Scheurs V, Vancampfort D and van Winkel R (2009) Metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia: a review. World Psychiatry 8: 15–22.
13. Department of Health (2006) Choosing Health: Supporting the physical health needs of people with severe mental illness – Commissioning Framework www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/ DH_4138212 (accessed 26 April 2010).
14. Dickerson FB, Brown CH, Kreyenbuhl JA, et al. (2006) Obesity among individuals with serious mental illness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113: 306–313.
15. Fagiolini A, Frank E, Scott JA, Turkin S and Kupfer DJ (2005) Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians. Bipolar Disord 7: 424–430.
16. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL and Curtin LR (2010) Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008. JAMA 303: 235–241.
17. Hogan TP, Awad AG and Eastwood R (1983) A self-report scale predictive of drug compliance in schizophrenia: reliability and discriminative validity. Psychol Med 13: 177–183.
18. Holt RIG and Peveler RC (2006) Association between antipsychotic drugs and diabetes. Diab Obes Metab 8: 125–135.
19. Holt RIG and Peveler RC (2009) Obesity, serious mental illness and antipsychotic drugs. Diab Obes Metab 11: 665–679.
20. JBS2 (2005) Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Heart 91(suppl 5): v1–52.
21. Kinon BJ, Kaiser CJ, Ahmed S, Rotelli MD and Kollack-Walker S (2005) Association between early and rapid weight gain and change in weight over one year of olanzapine therapy in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol 25: 255–258.
22. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. (2002) Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346: 393–403.
23. Maudsley H (1868) The physiology and pathology of mind, 2nd edn. London: Macmillan.
24. McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Goff DC, et al. (2005) Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr Res 80: 19–32.
25. Millar H (2010) Screening in people with severe mental illness. Unpublished raw data.
26. Millar HL (2010) Physical health in patients with schizophrenia: current knowledge and practice recommendations paper within entitled Development of a Health Screening Clinic. Eur Psychiat, Supplement. (in press).
27. NCEP (2001) Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Executive Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA 285: 2486–2497.
28. Newcomer JW and Hennekens CH (2007) Severe mental illness and risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA 298: 1794–1796.
29. NICE, National Institutes of Health and Clinical Excellence (2006) Borderline personality disorder: Treatment and management (Clinical Guideline 78).
30. NICE, National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (2009) Schizophrenia: Core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care. (Clinical Guideline 82).
31. Reynolds GP (2007) The impact of pharmacogenetics on the development and use of antipsychotic drugs. Drug Discov Today 12: 953–959.
32. Reynolds GP and Kirk S (2010) Metabolic side effects of antipsychotic drug treatment – pharmacological mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 125(1): 169–179.
33. Sernyak MJ, Leslie DL, Alarcon RD, Losonczy MF and Rosenheck R (2002) Association of diabetes mellitus with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 159: 561–566.
34. Taylor D, Shapland L, Laverick G, et al. (2000) Clozapine – a survey of patient perceptions. Psychiatr Bull R Coll Psychiatr 24: 450–452.
35. Taylor DM, Young C, Esop R, Paton C and Walwyn R (2004) Testing for diabetes in hospitalised patients prescribed antipsychotic drugs. Br J Psychiatry 185: 152–156.
36. Taylor D, Young C, Mohamed R, Paton C and Walwyn R (2005) Undiagnosed impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus amongst inpatients receiving antipsychotic drugs. J Psychopharmacol 19: 182–186.
37. Templeman LA, Reynolds GP, Arranz B and San L (2005) Polymorphisms of the 5-HT2C receptor and leptin genes are associated with antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain in Caucasian subjects with a first-episode psychosis. Pharmacogenet Genomics 15: 195–200.
38. Thakore JH, Mann JN, Vlahos I, Martin A and Reznek R (2002) Increased visceral fat distribution in drug-naive and drug-free patients with schizophrenia. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26: 137–141.
39. Thonnard-Neumann E (1968) Phenothiazines and diabetes in hospitalized women. Am J Psychiatry 124: 978–982.
40. Tiihonen J, Lönnqvist J, Wahlbeck K, et al. (2009) 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet 374: 620–627.
41. Venables D, Hughes J, Stewart K and Challis D (2005) Variations in care management arrangements for people with mental health problems in England. Care Manag J 6: 131–138.
42. Weiden PJ, Mackell JA and Mcdonnell DD (2004) Obesity as a risk factor for antipsychotic noncompliance. Schizophr Res 66: 51–57.
43. Will J, Galuska D, Ford E, Mokdad A and Calle E (2001). Cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus: evidence of a positive association from a large prospective cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 30: 540–546.
44. World Health Organization. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/WHO_NCD_NCS_99.2.pdf
45. Yevtushenko OO, Cooper SJ, O'Neill R, Doherty JK, Woodside JV and Reynolds GP (2008) Influence of 5-HT2C receptor and leptin gene polymorphisms, smoking and drug treatment on metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 192: 424–428.
46. Zhang ZJ, Yao ZJ, Liu W, Fang Q and Reynolds GP (2004) Effects of antipsychotics on fat deposition and changes in leptin and insulin levels. Magnetic resonance imaging study of previously untreated people with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 184: 58–62.