Experimental Study of the ω-Values and Fano Factors of Gaseous Xenon and Ar-Xe Mixtures for X-Rays

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Volumn 55, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 2637-2642

  do Carmo, Sergio J C ^a   Borges, Filipa I G M ^a   Vinagre, Filipa L R ^a   Conde, Carlos A N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Ar Xe mixtures; Fano factor; gaseous radiation detectors; x ray detectors; xenon; value

Indexed keywords

EID: 85008053735     PISSN: 00189499     EISSN: 15581578     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2008.2003075     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. F. P. Santos, T. H. V. T. Dias, A. D. Stauffer, and C. A. N. Conde, “Variation of energy linearity and ω-value in gaseous xenon radiation detectors for X-rays in the 0.1 to 25 keV energy range: A Monte Carlo simulation study,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A307, pp. 347–352, 1991.
2. T. H. V. T. Dias, J. M. F. dos Santos, J. P. B. M. Rachinhas, F. P. Santos, C. A. N. Conde, and A. D. Stauffer, “Full-energy absorption of X-ray energies near the Xe L- and K-photoionization thresholds in xenon gas detectors: Simulation and experimental results,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 2742–2753, 1997.
3. F. I. G. M. Borges, T. H. V. T. Dias, F. P. Santos, J. P. B. M. Rachinhas, J. M. F. dos Santos, and C. A. N. Conde, “An investigation of the M-discontinuities in the response of xenon gas detectors to X-rays in the 0.1–2 keV range,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A505, pp. 242–246, 2003.
4. J. M. F. dos Santos, R. E. Morgado, L. M. N. Távora, and C. A. N. Conde, “The energy non-linearity of a xenon gas proportional scintillation counter at the K-absorption edge in xenon,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A350, pp. 216–220, 1994.
5. C. A. N. Conde, “Gas Proportional Scintillation Counters for X-Ray Spectrometry,” in X-Ray Spectrometry: Recent Technological Advances, K. Tsuji, J. Injuk, and R. Van Grieken, Eds. New York: Wiley, 2004, pp. 195–215.
6. C. A. N. Conde, L. R. Ferreira, and M. F. A. Ferreira, “Secondary scintillation output of Xenon in a uniform-field gas proportional scintillation-counter,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. NS-24, no. 1, pp. 221–224, 1977.
7. F. P. Santos, T. H. V. T. Dias, P. J. B. M. Rachinhas, C. A. N. Conde, and A. D. Stauffer, “Monte Carlo simulation study of the Fano factor, w-value, and energy resolution for the absorption of soft x rays in xenon-neon gas mixtures,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 8202–8213, 2001.
8. S. Kubota, “Non-metastable Penning effect in the Alpha-particle ionization of inert gas mixtures,” Jpn. J. Phys. Soc., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1017–1029, 1970.
9. F. I. G. M. Borges, F. P. Santos, J. M. F. dos Santos, T. H. V. T. Dias, P. J. B. M. Rachinhas, and C. A. N. Conde, “Xenon-neon gas proportional scintillation counters for x-rays below 2 keV: Experimental results,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 842–846, Aug. 2003.
10. F. I. G. M. Borges and C. A. N. Conde, “A method for the measurement of the absolute value of w for X.rays in noble gases—Results at 5.9 keV in Xenon,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 661–663, Aug. 1993.
11. F. L. R. Vinagre and C. A. N. Conde, “A technique for the absolute measurement of the w-value for X-rays in counting gases,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A450, pp. 365–372, 2000.
12. F. L. R. Vinagre and C. A. N. Conde, “Penning effects in Ar-Xe mixtures at atmospheric pressures: Absolute W-value measurements for 5.9 keV X-rays,” in Proc. IEEE Nuclear Symp. and Medical Imaging Conf. Rec., 2000, vol. 2, pp. 651–653.
13. F. I. G. M. Borges and C. A. N. Conde, “Experimental W-values in gaseous Xe, Kr and Ar for low energy X-rays,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A381, pp. 91–96, 1996.
14. C. A. N. Conde and F. I. G. M. Borges, “W-value in argon-xenon mixtures for x-rays,” in Proc. SPIE, Int. Soc. Optical Engineering, X-ray and UV Detectors, 1994, vol. 2278, pp. 64–68.
15. F. L. R. Vinagre and C. A. N. Conde, “Absolute W value measurements for 5.9 keV X-rays in Ne-Xe mixtures at atmospheric pressures,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 5426–5432, 2000.
16. F. L. R.Vinagre, “Técnica de medição absoluta do valor W para raios-X em gases: Resultados em misturas de Ne-Xe,” M.Sc. thesis, Physics Dept., Univ. Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, 1999.
17. F. L. R. Vinagre and C. A. N. Conde, “Method for effective dead time measurement in counting systems,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A462, pp. 555–560, 2001.
18. Systat Software Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.systat.com/products/TableCurve2D
19. R. Z. Fuzesy, J. Jaros, L. Kaufman, J. Marrimer, S. Parker, V. Perez-Mendez, and S. Redner, “A gas mixture for multi-wire chambers with high proportional gains,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, vol. 100, pp. 267–268, 1972.
20. G. D. Alkhazov, A. P. Komar, and A. A. Vorob’ev, “Ionization fluctuations and resolution of ionization chambers and semiconductor detectors,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, vol. 48, pp. 1–12, 1967.
21. E. P. Lima, M. Salete, S. C. P. Leite, M. A. F. Alves, and A. J. P. L. Policarpo, “Fano factors of rare gases and their mixtures,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, vol. 192, pp. 575–581, 1982.
22. A. Hashiba, K. Masuda, T. Doke, T. Takahashi, and Y. Fujita, “Fano factor in gaseous argon measured by the proportional scintillation method,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A227, pp. 305–310, 1984.
23. F. I. G. M. Borges, J. M. F. dos Santos, S. Kubota, and C. A. N. Conde, “Light yield and Fano factor in xenon gas proportional scintillation counters,” in Proc. SPIE—Int. Soc. Optical Engineering, EUV, X-Ray and Gamma Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy VII, 1996, vol. 2808, pp. 613–616.
24. T. H. V. T. Dias, F. P. Santos, A. D. Stauffer, and C. A. N. Conde, “Monte-Carlo simulation of X-ray absorption and electron drift in gaseous Xenon,” Phys. Rev. A, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 2887–2902, 1993.
25. C. M. B. Monteiro, J. A. M. Lopes, P. C. P. S. Simões, J. M. F. dos Santos, and C. A. N. Conde, “An argon gas proportional scintillation counter with UV avalanche photodiode scintillation readout,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1081–1086, Aug. 2001.
26. W. P. Jesse and J. Sadauskis, “Alpha-particle ionization in pure gases and the average energy to make an ion pair,” Phys. Rev., vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 1120–1121, 1953.
27. M. Kase, T. Akioka, H. Mamyoda, J. Kikuchi, and T. Doke, “Fano factor in pure Argon,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A227, pp. 311–317, 1984.
28. A. P. Komar, A. A. Borob’ev, and V. A. Korolev, “Measurement of the ionization fluctuations produced by ∝ particles in argon,” Sov. Phys. —Dokl., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 131–133, 1961.
29. M. A. Prasad and K. Unnikrishnan, “Statistical distribuition of ionization yields in gases from electron irradiation,” Phys. Rev. A, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 2082–2084, 1981.
30. K. Unnikrishnan and M. A. Prasad, “Energy deposition by electrons in Argon,” Radiat. Res., vol. 80-2, pp. 225–232, 1979.
31. G. D. Alkhazov, “Ionization fluctuations in gases,” Sov. Phys.—Tech. Phys., vol. 16-9, pp. 1540–1546, 1972.
32. D. F. Anderson, T. T. Hamilton, W.H.-M. Ku, and R. Novick, “A large area gas scintillation proportional counter,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, vol. 163, pp. 125–134, 1979.
33. A. J. P. L. Policarpo, M. A. F. Alves, M. Salete, S. C. P. Leite, and M. C. M. dos Santos, “Detection of soft X-rays with a xenon proportional scintillation counter,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, vol. 118, pp. 221–226, 1974.
34. T. Z. Kowalski, A. Smith, and A. Peacock, “Fano factor implications from gas scintillation proportional counter measurements,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. A279, pp. 567–572, 1989.
35. N. Ishida, J. Kikuchi, and T. Doke, “Fano factor in xenon,” Phys. Rev. A, vol. 46-3, pp. 1676–1679, 1992.
36. M. M. F. Ribeirete, A. J. P. L. Policarpo, M. Salete, S. C. P. Leite, M. A. F. Alves, and E. P. Lima, “Fano factors of Krypton-xenon mixtures,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, vol. 214, pp. 561–563, 1983.
37. T. H. V. T. Dias, F. P. Santos, P. J. B. M. Rachinhas, F. I. G. M. Borges, J. M. F. dos Santos, and C. A. N. Conde, “Xenon-neon gas proportional scintillation counters: Experimental and simulation results,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 6303–6312, 1999.
38. Dayashankar and K. Unnikrishnan, “Ionization yield fluctuations in xenon due to energy degradation of electrons,” Phys. Lett. A, vol. 99, no. 2–3, pp. 81–83, 1983.
39. J. A. M. Lopes, J. M. F. dos Santos, R. E. Morgado, and C. A. N. Conde, “A xenon gas proportional scintillation counter with UV-sensitive large area avalanche photodiode,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 312–319, Jun. 2001.
40. I. H. Suzuki and N. Saito, “Photon W-value for Xe in the soft X-ray region,” J. Electr. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., vol. 119, pp. 147–153, 2001.
41. T. Doke, “Use of sum signals of ionization and scintillation in liquid rare gases and the Fano factor for the sum signals,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, vol. B234, pp. 203–209, 2005.