Beyond equipment distribution in Needle and Syringe Programmes: An exploratory analysis of blood-borne virus risk and other measures of client need

Harm Reduction Journal

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Treloar, Carla ^a   Mao, Limin ^a   Wilson, Hannah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Blood borne virus risk; Equipment reuse; Injecting drugs; Needle and Syringe Programme

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BLOOD BORNE VIRUS RISK; COMORBIDITY; DISABILITY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH CARE PRACTICE; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEY; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; INCOME; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MALE; NEEDLE; RISK; RISK FACTOR; SEX RATIO; SOCIAL STATUS; SYRINGE; WELLBEING; CLINICAL TRIAL; HARM REDUCTION; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; NEW SOUTH WALES; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; REHABILITATION; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; TRANSMISSION; VIRUS DISEASES; VULNERABLE POPULATION;

ADULT; FEMALE; HARM REDUCTION; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; MALE; NEEDLE-EXCHANGE PROGRAMS; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; NEW SOUTH WALES; RISK-TAKING; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS; VIRUS DISEASES; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;

EID: 85007489106     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14777517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12954-016-0107-0     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. World Health Organization. Guidance on Prevention of Viral Hepatitis B and C Among People Who Inject Drugs. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
2. World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Technical Guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2009.
3. Degenhardt L, Mathers B, Vickerman P, Rhodes T, Latkin C, Hickman M. Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: Why individual, structural and combination approaches are needed. Lancet. 2010;376:285-301. doi:10.1016/S0410-6736(10)60742-8.
4. Mathers B, Degenhardt L, Ali H, Wiessing L, Hickman M, Mattick R, et al. HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: a systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage. Lancet. 2010; 375(9719):1014-28.
5. Iversen J, Chow S, Maher L. Australian Needle and Syringe Program National Data Report 2009-13. Sydney: Kirby Institute; 2014.
6. Iversen J, Topp L, Wand H, Maher L. Individual-level syringe coverage among Needle and Syringe Program attendees in Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;122(3):195-200. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.030.
7. Bryant, J., Paquette, D., & Wilson, H. Syringe Coverage in an Australian Setting: Does a High Level of Syringe Coverage Moderate Syringe Sharing Behaviour? AIDS and Behavior. 2012;16(5), 1156-1163. doi: DOI 10.1007/s10461-011-0010-3
8. Burris S, Blankenship K, Donoghoe MC, Sherman SG, Vernick J, Case P, et al. Addressing the "risk environment" for injection drug users: The mysterious case of the missing cop. Milbank Q. 2004;82(1):125-56.
9. Moore D, Dietze P. Enabling environments and the reduction of drugrelated harm: re-framing Australian policy and practice. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2005;24:275-84.
10. Rhodes T. The 'risk environment': a framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm. Int J Drug Policy. 2002;13:85-97.
11. Rhodes T. Risk environments and drug harms: A social science for harm reduction approach. Int J Drug Policy. 2009;20(3):193-201.
12. Rhodes T, Simic M. Transition and the HIV risk environment. BMJ. 2005; 331(7510):220-3. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7510.220.
13. Bluthenthal R, Kral A, Lorvick J, Watters J. Impact of law enforcement on syringe exchange programs: A look at Oakland and San Francisco. Med Anthropol. 1997;18(1):61-83.
14. Lurie P, Drucker E. An opportunity lost: HIV infections associated with lack of a national needle-exchange programme in the USA. Lancet. 1997;349(9052): 604-8. A. o. l. H. i. a. w. l. o. a. n. n.-e. p. i. t. U. L., 349(9052), 604-608.
15. Rich J, Strong L, Towe C, McKenzie M. Obstacles to Needle Exchange Participation in Rhode Island. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999;21:396-400.
16. Taussig J, Weinstein B, Burris S, Jones T. Syringe laws and pharmacy regulations are structural constraints on HIV prevention in the US. AIDS. 2000;14(S1):S47-51.
17. Wood E, Kerr T, Small W, Jones J, Schechter M, Tyndall M. The impact of a police presence on access to needle exchange programs. [Letter]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;34(1):116-8.
18. Craib K, Spitall P, Patel S, Christian W, Moniruzzaman A, Pearce M. Cedar Project Partnership. Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among Aboriginal young people who use drugs: results from the Cedar Project. Open Med. 2009;3(4):E220-7.
19. Heinzerling K, Jral A, Flynn N, Anderson R, Scott A, Gilbert M, et al. Unmet need for recommended preventive health services among clients of California syringe exchange programs: Implications for quality improvement. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;81:167-78.
20. Islam M, Topp L, Day C, Dawsone A, Conigrave K. The accessibility, acceptability, health impact and cost implications of primary healthcare outlets that target injecting drug users: A narrative synthesis of literature Review. Int J Drug Policy. 2012;23(2):94-102.
21. Mandell W, Kim J, Latkin C, Suh T. Depressive symptoms, drug network, and their synergistic effect on needle-sharing behavior among street injection drug users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999;25(1):117-27.
22. Mcnally S, Temple-Smith M, SievertW, PittsM. Now, later or never? Challenges associated with hepatitis C treatment. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2006;30(5):422-7.
23. Pilowsky D, Wu L-T, Burchett B, Blazer D, Ling W. Depressive Symptoms, Substance Use and HIV-Related High Risk Behaviors among Opioid-Dependent Individuals: Results from the Clinical Trials Network. Subst Use Misuse. 2011;46(14):1716-25.
24. Riley E, Safaeian M, Strathdee S, Brooner R, Beilenson P, Vlahov D. Drug user treatment referrals and entry among participants of a needle exchange program. Subst Use Misuse. 2002;37:1869-86.
25. Strathdee S, Patrick D, Archibald C, Ofner M. Social determinants predict needle-sharing behaviour among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada. Addiction. 1997;92:1339-47.
26. Strathdee SA, Patrick DM, Archibald CP, Ofner M, Cornelisse PGA, Rekart M, et al. Social determinants predict needle-sharing behaviour among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada. Addiction. 1997;92(10):1339-47. doi:10. 1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02852.x.
27. Wagner KD, Lankenau SE, Palinkas LA, Richardson JL, Chou CP, Unger JB. The influence of the perceived consequences of refusing to share injection equipment among injection drug users: balancing competing risks. Addict Behav. 2011;36(8):835-42. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.03.014.
28. Wagner KD, Unger JB, Bluthenthal RN, Andreeva VA, Pentz MA. Cognitive behavioral theories used to explain injection risk behavior among injection drug users: a review and suggestions for the integration of cognitive and environmental models. Health Educ Behav. 2010;37(4):504-32. doi:10.1177/1090198109357319.
29. Debeck K, Small W, Wood E, Li K, Montaner J, Kerr T. Public injecting among a cohort of injecting drug users in Vancouver, Canada. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009;63(1):81-6. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.069013.
30. Marshall, B. D. L., Kerr, T., Qi, J., Montaner, J. S. G., & Wood, E. (2010). Public injecting and HIV risk behaviour among street-involved youth. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110(3), 254-258. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.022
31. Navarro, C., & Leonard, L. (2004). Prevalence and factors related to public injecting in Ottawa, Canada: implications for the development of a trial safer injecting facility. International Journal of Drug Policy, 15(4), 275-284. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.03.003
32. De P, Cox J, Boivin J-F, Platt RW, Jolly AM. The importance of social networks in their association to drug equipment sharing among injection drug users: a review. Addiction. 2007;102(11):1730-9. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01936.x.
33. Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Celentano D. People and places: behavioral settings and personal network characteristics as correlates of needle sharing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996;13(3):273-80.
34. Lovell AM. Risking risk: the influence of types of capital and social networks on the injection practices of drug users. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(5):803-21.
35. Kwon J, Anderson J, Kerr C, Thein H, Zhang L, Iversen J, et al. Estimating the costeffectiveness of needle-syringe programs in Australia. AIDS. 2012;26:2201-10.
36. Kwon J, Iversen J, Maher L, Law M, Wilson D. The impact of needle and syringe programs on HIV and HCV transmissions in injecting drug users in Australia: a model-based analysis. J Acquir Immune DEfic Syndr. 2009;51:462-9.
37. NSW Ministry of Health. NSW Needle and Syringe Program: Guidelines. Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health; 2013.
38. Victorian Department of Human Services. National Needle and Syringe Programs Strategic Framework 2010-2014. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2010.
39. Treloar C, Hopwood M, Yates K, Mao L. 'Doing the devil's work': emotional labour and stigma in expanding Needle and Syringe Programs. Drugs: educ prev policy. 2015;22(5):437-43. doi:10.3109/09687637.2015.1057553.
40. Treloar C, Rance J, Yates K, Mao L. Trust and people who inject drugs: The perspectives of clients and staff of Needle Syringe Programs. Int J Drug Policy. 2016;27:138-45. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.08.018.
41. Wilson H, Brener L, Mao L, Treloar C. Perceived discrimination and injecting risk among people who inject drugs attending Needle and Syringe Programmes in Sydney, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:274-8. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.018.
42. World Health Organisation. HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key popuations: Consolidated guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2014.
43. Grier S, Bryant C. Social marketing in public health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:319-39.