메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 12, 2016, Pages

Overview of cotinine cutoff values for smoking status classification

Author keywords

Biomarker; Cotinine; Cutoff value; Smoking status

Indexed keywords

COTININE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

EID: 85007232630     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121236     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (236)

References (62)
  • 3
    • 0003502258 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health: Rockville, MD, USA
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General; (CDC) 87-8398; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health: Rockville, MD, USA, 1986.
    • (1986) The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General; (CDC) 87-8398
  • 4
    • 33644651259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of global tobacco use in young people and implications for future chronic disease burden in adults
    • [CrossRef]
    • Warren, C.W.; Jones, N.R.; Eriksen, M.P.; Asma, S. Patterns of global tobacco use in young people and implications for future chronic disease burden in adults. Lancet 2006, 367, 749–753. [CrossRef]
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 749-753
    • Warren, C.W.1    Jones, N.R.2    Eriksen, M.P.3    Asma, S.4
  • 5
    • 0029830198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: Confounding, measurement error, and publication bias in studies of passive smoking
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kawachi, I.; Colditz, G.A. Invited commentary: Confounding, measurement error, and publication bias in studies of passive smoking. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1996, 144, 909–915. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1996) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.144 , pp. 909-915
    • Kawachi, I.1    Colditz, G.A.2
  • 8
    • 0033028068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Benowitz, N.L. Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. 1999, 107 (Suppl S2), 349–355. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1999) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.107 , pp. 349-355
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 9
    • 0023577656 scopus 로고
    • Salivary cotinine levels and involuntary tobacco smoke exposure in children and adults in New Mexico
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Coultas, D.B.; Howard, C.A.; Peake, G.T.; Skipper, B.J.; Samet, J.M. Salivary cotinine levels and involuntary tobacco smoke exposure in children and adults in New Mexico. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987, 136, 305–309. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1987) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.136 , pp. 305-309
    • Coultas, D.B.1    Howard, C.A.2    Peake, G.T.3    Skipper, B.J.4    Samet, J.M.5
  • 10
    • 0036749380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women: The association between self-report and serum cotinine
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • DeLorenze, G.N.; Kharrazi, M.; Kaufman, F.L.; Eskenazi, B.; Bernert, J.T. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women: The association between self-report and serum cotinine. Environ. Res. 2002, 90, 21–32. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2002) Environ. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 21-32
    • Delorenze, G.N.1    Kharrazi, M.2    Kaufman, F.L.3    Eskenazi, B.4    Bernert, J.T.5
  • 11
    • 0029740041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of self-reported smoking by analysis of hair for nicotine and cotinine
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Eliopoulos, C.; Klein, J.; Koren, G. Validation of self-reported smoking by analysis of hair for nicotine and cotinine. Ther. Drug Monit. 1996, 18, 532–536. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1996) Ther. Drug Monit , vol.18 , pp. 532-536
    • Eliopoulos, C.1    Klein, J.2    Koren, G.3
  • 12
    • 0025330867 scopus 로고
    • A review of the use of saliva cotinine as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure
    • [CrossRef]
    • Etzel, R.A. A review of the use of saliva cotinine as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure. Prev. Med. 1990, 19, 190–197. [CrossRef]
    • (1990) Prev. Med , vol.19 , pp. 190-197
    • Etzel, R.A.1
  • 13
    • 0003678342 scopus 로고
    • National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA
    • National Research Council. Biologic Markers of Pulmonay Toxicology; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1989.
    • (1989) Biologic Markers of Pulmonay Toxicology
  • 14
    • 0027958225 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolic profile in man: Comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine
    • [PubMed]
    • Benowitz, N.L.; Jacob, P., III; Fong, I.; Gupta, S. Nicotine metabolic profile in man: Comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1994, 268, 296–303. [PubMed]
    • (1994) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.268 , pp. 296-303
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.2    Fong, I.3    Gupta, S.4
  • 15
    • 0027987497 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Benowitz, N.L.; Jacob, P., III. Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1994, 56, 483–493. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1994) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther , vol.56 , pp. 483-493
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.2
  • 16
    • 0000046753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of nicotine and its metabolites
    • Gorrod, J.W., Jacob, P.I., Eds.; Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Jacob, P.I.; Byrd, G.D. Use of gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of nicotine and its metabolites. In Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and Their Metabolites; Gorrod, J.W., Jacob, P.I., Eds.; Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1999; pp. 191–224.
    • (1999) Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and Their Metabolites , pp. 191-224
    • Jacob, P.I.1    Byrd, G.D.2
  • 18
    • 0027250439 scopus 로고
    • Artifacts in determining the vapor-particulate phase distribution of environmental tobacco smoke nicotine
    • [CrossRef]
    • Ogden, M.W.; Maiolo, K.C.; Nelson, P.R.; Heavner, D.L.; Green, C.R. Artifacts in determining the vapor-particulate phase distribution of environmental tobacco smoke nicotine. Environ. Technol. 1993, 14, 779–785. [CrossRef]
    • (1993) Environ. Technol , vol.14 , pp. 779-785
    • Ogden, M.W.1    Maiolo, K.C.2    Nelson, P.R.3    Heavner, D.L.4    Green, C.R.5
  • 19
    • 0030499698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Benowitz, N.L. Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Epidemiol. Rev. 1996, 18, 188–204. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1996) Epidemiol. Rev , vol.18 , pp. 188-204
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 20
    • 0023347840 scopus 로고
    • Diffusion monitor to measure exposure to passsive smoking
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hammond, S.K.; Leaderer, B.P. A diffusion monitor to measure exposure to passsive smoking. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 494–497. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1987) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.21 , pp. 494-497
    • Hammond, S.K.1    Leaderer, B.2
  • 21
    • 0030683519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Jaakkola, M.S.; Jaakkola, J.J. Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Eur. Respir. J. 1997, 10, 2384–2397. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1997) Eur. Respir. J , vol.10 , pp. 2384-2397
    • Jaakkola, M.S.1    Jaakkola, J.J.2
  • 22
    • 0022633482 scopus 로고
    • The effects of exposure misclassification on estimates of relative risk
    • [PubMed]
    • Flegal, K.M.; Brownie, C.; Haas, J.D. The effects of exposure misclassification on estimates of relative risk. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1986, 123, 736–751. [PubMed]
    • (1986) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.123 , pp. 736-751
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Brownie, C.2    Haas, J.D.3
  • 23
    • 0032081729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of measurement of smoking status by self-report and saliva cotinine among pregnant women
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Boyd, N.R.; Windsor, R.A.; Perkins, L.L.; Lowe, J.B. Quality of measurement of smoking status by self-report and saliva cotinine among pregnant women. Matern. Child Health J. 1998, 2, 77–83. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1998) Matern. Child Health J , vol.2 , pp. 77-83
    • Boyd, N.R.1    Windsor, R.A.2    Perkins, L.L.3    Lowe, J.B.4
  • 24
    • 0034141138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Etter, J.F.; Vu, D.T.; Perneger, T.V. Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2000, 151, 251–258. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.151 , pp. 251-258
    • Etter, J.F.1    Vu, D.T.2    Perneger, T.V.3
  • 25
    • 34248575827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of a saliva cotinine cut-off to distinguish pregnant smokers from pregnant non-smokers
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hegaard, H.K.; Kjaergaard, H.; Moller, L.F.; Wachmann, H.; Ottesen, B. Determination of a saliva cotinine cut-off to distinguish pregnant smokers from pregnant non-smokers. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2007, 86, 401–406. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. , vol.86 , pp. 401-406
    • Hegaard, H.K.1    Kjaergaard, H.2    Moller, L.F.3    Wachmann, H.4    Ottesen, B.5
  • 26
    • 0021752198 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self reported exposure to passive smoking
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Jarvis, M.; Tunstall-Pedoe, H.; Feyerabend, C.; Vesey, C.; Salloojee, Y. Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self reported exposure to passive smoking. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 1984, 38, 335–339. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1984) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.38 , pp. 335-339
    • Jarvis, M.1    Tunstall-Pedoe, H.2    Feyerabend, C.3    Vesey, C.4    Salloojee, Y.5
  • 28
    • 0024545602 scopus 로고
    • Validity of telephone surveys in assessing cigarette smoking in young adults
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Luepker, R.V.; Pallonen, U.E.; Murray, D.M.; Pirie, P.L. Validity of telephone surveys in assessing cigarette smoking in young adults. Am. J. Public Health 1989, 79, 202–204. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1989) Am. J. Public Health , vol.79 , pp. 202-204
    • Luepker, R.V.1    Pallonen, U.E.2    Murray, D.M.3    Pirie, P.L.4
  • 29
    • 0022992586 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • McNeill, A.D.; West, R.J.; Jarvis, M.; Jackson, P.; Bryant, A. Cigarette withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers. Psychopharmacology 1986, 90, 533–536. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1986) Psychopharmacology , vol.90 , pp. 533-536
    • McNeill, A.D.1    West, R.J.2    Jarvis, M.3    Jackson, P.4    Bryant, A.5
  • 30
    • 0027180321 scopus 로고
    • Error in smoking measures: Effects of intervention on relations of cotinine and carbon monoxide to self-reported smoking. The Lung Health Study Research Group
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Murray, R.P.; Connett, J.E.; Lauger, G.G.; Voelker, H.T. Error in smoking measures: Effects of intervention on relations of cotinine and carbon monoxide to self-reported smoking. The Lung Health Study Research Group. Am. J. Public Health 1993, 83, 1251–1257. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1993) Am. J. Public Health , vol.83 , pp. 1251-1257
    • Murray, R.P.1    Connett, J.E.2    Lauger, G.G.3    Voelker, H.T.4
  • 32
    • 0023428360 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of biochemical validation measures in determination of smoking status
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Stookey, G.K.; Katz, B.P.; Olson, B.L.; Drook, C.A.; Cohen, S.J. Evaluation of biochemical validation measures in determination of smoking status. J. Dent. Res. 1987, 66, 1597–1601. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1987) J. Dent. Res , vol.66 , pp. 1597-1601
    • Stookey, G.K.1    Katz, B.P.2    Olson, B.L.3    Drook, C.A.4    Cohen, S.J.5
  • 33
    • 18444361814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation
    • SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification. Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2002, 4, 149–159.
    • (2002) Nicotine Tob. Res , vol.4 , pp. 149-159
  • 34
    • 0021603078 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco sidestream smoke: Uptake by nonsmokers
    • [CrossRef]
    • Hoffmann, D.; Haley, N.J.; Adams, J.D.; Brunnemann, K.D. Tobacco sidestream smoke: Uptake by nonsmokers. Prev. Med. 1984, 13, 608–617. [CrossRef]
    • (1984) Prev. Med , vol.13 , pp. 608-617
    • Hoffmann, D.1    Haley, N.J.2    Adams, J.D.3    Brunnemann, K.D.4
  • 35
    • 0024581026 scopus 로고
    • Validity of cigarette smoking habits in three epidemiologic studies in Utah
    • [CrossRef]
    • Slattery, M.L.; Hunt, S.C.; French, T.K.; Ford, M.H.; Williams, R.R. Validity of cigarette smoking habits in three epidemiologic studies in Utah. Prev. Med. 1989, 18, 11–19. [CrossRef]
    • (1989) Prev. Med , vol.18 , pp. 11-19
    • Slattery, M.L.1    Hunt, S.C.2    French, T.K.3    Ford, M.H.4    Williams, R.R.5
  • 36
    • 1542358715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of self-reported smoking status among participants in a chemoprevention trial
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Martinez, M.E.; Reid, M.; Jiang, R.; Einspahr, J.; Alberts, D.S. Accuracy of self-reported smoking status among participants in a chemoprevention trial. Prev. Med. 2004, 38, 492–497. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Prev. Med , vol.38 , pp. 492-497
    • Martinez, M.E.1    Reid, M.2    Jiang, R.3    Einspahr, J.4    Alberts, D.S.5
  • 37
    • 58449088706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal serum cotinine levels for distinguishing cigarette smokers and nonsmokers within different racial/ethnic groups in the United States between 1999 and 2004
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Benowitz, N.L.; Bernert, J.T.; Caraballo, R.S.; Holiday, D.B.; Wang, J. Optimal serum cotinine levels for distinguishing cigarette smokers and nonsmokers within different racial/ethnic groups in the United States between 1999 and 2004. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009, 169, 236–248. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.169 , pp. 236-248
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Bernert, J.T.2    Caraballo, R.S.3    Holiday, D.B.4    Wang, J.5
  • 38
    • 79957880610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of urine cotinine and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their ratio to discriminate active from passive smoking
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Goniewicz, M.L.; Eisner, M.D.; Lazcano-Ponce, E.; Zielinska-Danch, W.; Koszowski, B.; Sobczak, A.; Havel, C.; Jacob, P.; Benowitz, N.L. Comparison of urine cotinine and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their ratio to discriminate active from passive smoking. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2011, 13, 202–208. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Nicotine Tob. Res , vol.13 , pp. 202-208
    • Goniewicz, M.L.1    Eisner, M.D.2    Lazcano-Ponce, E.3    Zielinska-Danch, W.4    Koszowski, B.5    Sobczak, A.6    Havel, C.7    Jacob, P.8    Benowitz, N.L.9
  • 39
    • 49249098981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing smoking status in children, adolescents and adults: Cotinine cut-points revisited
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Jarvis, M.J.; Fidler, J.; Mindell, J.; Feyerabend, C.; West, R. Assessing smoking status in children, adolescents and adults: Cotinine cut-points revisited. Addiction 2008, 103, 1553–1561. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Addiction , vol.103 , pp. 1553-1561
    • Jarvis, M.J.1    Fidler, J.2    Mindell, J.3    Feyerabend, C.4    West, R.5
  • 40
    • 84887469660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of cutoff values of cotinine in urine and saliva for pregnant women in Poland
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Stragierowicz, J.; Mikołajewska, K.; Zawadzka-Stolarz, M.; Polańska, K.; Ligocka, D. Estimation of cutoff values of cotinine in urine and saliva for pregnant women in Poland. Biomed Res. Int. 2013, 2013, 386784. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) Biomed Res. Int , vol.2013
    • Stragierowicz, J.1    Mikołajewska, K.2    Zawadzka-Stolarz, M.3    Polańska, K.4    Ligocka, D.5
  • 41
    • 84892571556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating cotinine associations and a saliva cotinine level to identify active cigarette smoking in Alaska native pregnant women
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Smith, J.J.; Robinson, R.F.; Khan, B.A.; Sosnoff, C.S.; Dillard, D.A. Estimating cotinine associations and a saliva cotinine level to identify active cigarette smoking in Alaska native pregnant women. Matern. Child Health J. 2014, 18, 120–128. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Matern. Child Health J , vol.18 , pp. 120-128
    • Smith, J.J.1    Robinson, R.F.2    Khan, B.A.3    Sosnoff, C.S.4    Dillard, D.A.5
  • 42
    • 0018605826 scopus 로고
    • Validation of students’ self-reported cigarette smoking status with plasma cotinine levels
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Williams, C.L.; Eng, A.; Botvin, G.J.; Hill, P.; Wynder, E.L. Validation of students’ self-reported cigarette smoking status with plasma cotinine levels. Am. J. Public Health 1979, 69, 1272–1274. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1979) Am. J. Public Health , vol.69 , pp. 1272-1274
    • Williams, C.L.1    Eng, A.2    Botvin, G.J.3    Hill, P.4    Wynder, E.L.5
  • 43
    • 0026526913 scopus 로고
    • Misclassification of smoking status in the CARDIA study: A comparison of self-report with serum cotinine levels
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Wagenknecht, L.E.; Burke, G.L.; Perkins, L.L.; Haley, N.J.; Friedman, G.D. Misclassification of smoking status in the CARDIA study: A comparison of self-report with serum cotinine levels. Am. J. Public Health 1992, 82, 33–36. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1992) Am. J. Public Health , vol.82 , pp. 33-36
    • Wagenknecht, L.E.1    Burke, G.L.2    Perkins, L.L.3    Haley, N.J.4    Friedman, G.D.5
  • 44
    • 0029988316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of the U.S. Population to environmental tobacco smoke: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Pirkle, J.L.; Flegal, K.M.; Bernert, J.T.; Brody, D.J.; Etzel, R.A.; Maurer, K.R. Exposure of the U.S. population to environmental tobacco smoke: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991. JAMA 1996, 275, 1233–1240. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1233-1240
    • Pirkle, J.L.1    Flegal, K.M.2    Bernert, J.T.3    Brody, D.J.4    Etzel, R.A.5    Maurer, K.R.6
  • 45
    • 0030476456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal exposure to tobacco smoke products: A comparison between self-reported maternal smoking and concentrations of cotinine and thiocyanate in cord serum
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Nafstad, P.; Kongerud, J.; Botten, G.; Urdal, P.; Silsand, T.; Pedersen, B.S.; Jaakkola, J.J. Fetal exposure to tobacco smoke products: A comparison between self-reported maternal smoking and concentrations of cotinine and thiocyanate in cord serum. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 1996, 75, 902–907. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1996) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand , vol.75 , pp. 902-907
    • Nafstad, P.1    Kongerud, J.2    Botten, G.3    Urdal, P.4    Silsand, T.5    Pedersen, B.S.6    Jaakkola, J.J.7
  • 46
    • 0031913031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misclassification of smoking in a follow-up population study in southern Germany
    • [CrossRef]
    • Heller, W.D.; Scherer, G.; Sennewald, E.; Adlkofer, F. Misclassification of smoking in a follow-up population study in southern Germany. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1998, 51, 211–218. [CrossRef]
    • (1998) J. Clin. Epidemiol , vol.51 , pp. 211-218
    • Heller, W.D.1    Scherer, G.2    Sennewald, E.3    Adlkofer, F.4
  • 48
    • 0035871318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Caraballo, R.S.; Giovino, G.A.; Pechacek, T.F.; Mowery, P.D. Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001, 153, 807–814. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2001) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.153 , pp. 807-814
    • Caraballo, R.S.1    Giovino, G.A.2    Pechacek, T.F.3    Mowery, P.D.4
  • 49
    • 0036937232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there gender differences in self-reported smoking practices? Correlation with thiocyanate and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers from the Pawtucket Heart Health Program
    • [CrossRef]
    • Assaf, A.R.; Parker, D.; Lapane, K.L.; McKenney, L., Jr.; Carleton, R.A. Are there gender differences in self-reported smoking practices? Correlation with thiocyanate and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers from the Pawtucket Heart Health Program. J. Women’s Health 2002, 11, 899–906. [CrossRef]
    • (2002) J. Women’s Health , vol.11 , pp. 899-906
    • Assaf, A.R.1    Parker, D.2    Lapane, K.L.3    McKenney, L.4    Carleton, R.A.5
  • 50
    • 0041803257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum cotinine as a marker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in epidemiological studies: The experience of the MATISS project
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Seccareccia, F.; Zuccaro, P.; Pacifici, R.; Meli, P.; Pannozzo, F.; Freeman, K.M.; Santaquilani, A.; Giampaoli, S. Serum cotinine as a marker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in epidemiological studies: The experience of the MATISS project. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2003, 18, 487–492. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2003) Eur. J. Epidemiol , vol.18 , pp. 487-492
    • Seccareccia, F.1    Zuccaro, P.2    Pacifici, R.3    Meli, P.4    Pannozzo, F.5    Freeman, K.M.6    Santaquilani, A.7    Giampaoli, S.8
  • 51
    • 0345706289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported cigarette smoking vs. Serum cotinine among U.S. Adolescents
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Caraballo, R.S.; Giovino, G.A.; Pechacek, T.F. Self-reported cigarette smoking vs. serum cotinine among U.S. adolescents. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2004, 6, 19–25. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Nicotine Tob. Res , vol.6 , pp. 19-25
    • Caraballo, R.S.1    Giovino, G.A.2    Pechacek, T.F.3
  • 54
    • 24144503741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported smoking, cotinine levels, and patterns of smoking in pregnancy
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Pickett, K.E.; Rathouz, P.J.; Kasza, K.; Wakschlag, L.S.; Wright, R. Self-reported smoking, cotinine levels, and patterns of smoking in pregnancy. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 2005, 19, 368–376. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 368-376
    • Pickett, K.E.1    Rathouz, P.J.2    Kasza, K.3    Wakschlag, L.S.4    Wright, R.5
  • 55
    • 34548166042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of urinary cotinine cut-off points distinguishing non-smokers, passive and active smokers
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Zielinska-Danch, W.; Wardas, W.; Sobczak, A.; Szoltysek-Boldys, I. Estimation of urinary cotinine cut-off points distinguishing non-smokers, passive and active smokers. Biomarkers 2007, 12, 484–496. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Biomarkers , vol.12 , pp. 484-496
    • Zielinska-Danch, W.1    Wardas, W.2    Sobczak, A.3    Szoltysek-Boldys, I.4
  • 56
    • 84882686821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimum cutoff value of urinary cotinine distinguishing South Korean adult smokers from nonsmokers using data from the KNHANES (2008–2010)
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kim, S.; Jung, A. Optimum cutoff value of urinary cotinine distinguishing South Korean adult smokers from nonsmokers using data from the KNHANES (2008–2010). Nicotine Tob. Res. 2013, 15, 1608–1616. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) Nicotine Tob. Res , vol.15 , pp. 1608-1616
    • Kim, S.1    Jung, A.2
  • 57
    • 9244231806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco-reporting validity in an epidemiological drug-use survey
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Frendrich, M.; Mackesy-Amiti, M.E.; Johnson, T.P.; Hubbell, A.; Wislar, J.S. Tobacco-reporting validity in an epidemiological drug-use survey. Addict. Behav. 2005, 30, 175–181. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) Addict. Behav , vol.30 , pp. 175-181
    • Frendrich, M.1    Mackesy-Amiti, M.E.2    Johnson, T.P.3    Hubbell, A.4    Wislar, J.S.5
  • 58
    • 0025035646 scopus 로고
    • Apparent underreporting of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Perez-Stable, E.J.; Marin, B.V.; Marin, G.; Brody, D.J.; Benowitz, N.L. Apparent underreporting of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers. Am. J. Public Health 1990, 80, 1057–1061. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1990) Am. J. Public Health , vol.80 , pp. 1057-1061
    • Perez-Stable, E.J.1    Marin, B.V.2    Marin, G.3    Brody, D.J.4    Benowitz, N.L.5
  • 61
    • 31644447815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current tobacco control policy trends in the United States
    • [PubMed]
    • Stoner, W.I.; Foley, B.X. Current tobacco control policy trends in the United States. Clin. Occup. Environ. Med. 2006, 5, 85–99. [PubMed]
    • (2006) Clin. Occup. Environ. Med , vol.5 , pp. 85-99
    • Stoner, W.I.1    Foley, B.X.2
  • 62
    • 80053448299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new danger of thirdhand smoke: Why passive smoking does not stop at secondhand smoke
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Protano, C.; Vitali, M. The new danger of thirdhand smoke: Why passive smoking does not stop at secondhand smoke. Environ. Health Perspect. 2011, 119, A422. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.119 , pp. 422
    • Protano, C.1    Vitali, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.