Using modeling tools for implementing feasible land use and nature conservation governance systems in small islands – The Pico Island (Azores) case-study

Journal of Environmental Management

Volumn 189, Issue , 2017, Pages 1-13

  Fernandes, J P ^a   Freire, M ^a,b   Guiomar, N ^a   Gil, A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ÉVORA   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA   (Portugal)

^c UNIVERSITY OF THE AZORES   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Conservation targets; Conservation trade offs; Island National Park (INP); Nature conservation; Planning units

Indexed keywords

GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; LAND USE CHANGE; NATURE CONSERVATION; POLICY DEVELOPMENT; SOFTWARE; STAKEHOLDER; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

AZORES; ISLAND (GEOLOGICAL); LAND USE; MODEL; NATIONAL PARK; SOFTWARE; SOUND; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; GOVERNMENT; PROCEDURES; THEORETICAL MODEL;

AZORES; PICO; PORTUGAL;

AZORES; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; DECISION SUPPORT TECHNIQUES; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; GOVERNMENT; MODELS, THEORETICAL;

EID: 85007007254     PISSN: 03014797     EISSN: 10958630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.034     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Arévalo, J.R., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., Treefall gaps and regeneration composition in the laurel forest of Anaga (Tenerife): a matter of size?. Plant Ecol. 188 (2007), 133–143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9152-1.
2. Aretano, R., Petrosillo, I., Zaccarelli, N., Semeraro, T., Zurlini, G., People perception of landscape change effects on ecosystem services in small Mediterranean islands: a combination of subjective and objective assessments. Landsc. Urban Plan. 112 (2013), 63–73 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.12.010.
3. Azevedo, E.B., Pereira, L.S., Itier, B., Modelling the local climate in islands environments: water balance applications. Agric. Water Manag. 40 (1999), 393–403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00012-8.
4. Ball, I.R., Possingham, H.P., Watts, M., Marxan and relatives: software for spatial conservation prioritisation. Moilanen, A., Wilson, K.A., Possingham, H.P., (eds.) Spatial Conservation Prioritisation: Quantitative Methods and Computational Tools, 2009, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 185–195.
5. Bragagnolo, C., Pereira, M., Ng, K., Calado, H., Understanding and mapping local conflicts related to protected areas in small islands: a case study of the Azores archipelago. Isl. Stud. J. 11:1 (2016), 57–90.
6. Calado, H., Borges, P., Phillips, M., Ng, K., Alves, F., The Azores Archipelago, Portugal: improved understanding of Small Island coastal hazards and mitigation measures. Nat. Hazards 58 (2011), 427–444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9676-5.
7. Calado, H., Vergílio, M., Fonseca, C., Gil, A., Moniz, F., Silva, S.F., Moreira, M., Bragagnolo, C., Silva, C., Pereira, M., Developing a planning and management system for protected areas on small islands (The Azores archipelago, Portugal): the SMARTPARKS project. J. Integr. Coast. Zone Manag. 14:2 (2014), 335–344 http://dx.doi.org/10.5894/rgci496.
8. Caujapé-Castells, J., Tye, A., Crawford, D.J., Santos-Guerra, A., Sakai, A., Beaver, K., Lobin, W., Florens, F.B.V., Moura, M., Jardim, R., Gómes, I., Kueffer, C., Conservation of oceanic island floras: present and future global challenges. Perspect. Plant. Ecol. 12 (2010), 107–129 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2009.10.001.
9. Corral-Quintana, S., Legna-de la Nuez, D., Verna, C.L., Hernández, J.H., de Lara, D.R.M., How to improve strategic decision-making in complex systems when only qualitative information is available. Land Use Policy 50 (2016), 83–101 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.09.004.
10. Costa, H., Aranda, S.C., Lourenço, P., Medeiros, V., de Azevedo, E.B., Silva, L., Predicting successful replacement of forest invaders by native species using species distribution models: the case of Pittosporum undulatum and Morella faya in the Azores. For. Ecol. Manag. 279 (2012), 90–96 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.022.
11. Costa, H., Ponte, N.B., Azevedo, E.B., Gil, A., Fuzzy set theory for predicting the potential distribution and cost-effective monitoring of invasive species. Ecol. Model. 316 (2015), 122–132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.034.
12. Costanza, R., Fisher, B., Mulder, K., Liu, S., Christopher, T., Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multi-scale empirical study of the relationship between species richness and net primary production. Ecol. Econ. 61 (2007), 478–491 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.03.021.
13. Craig, J.L., Potential for ecological restoration of islands for indigenous fauna and flora. Towns, D.R., Daugherty, C.H., Atkinson, I.A.E., (eds.) Ecological Restoration of New Zealand Islands. Conservation Sciences Publication n.º 2, 1990, Department of Conservation, Wellington, 156–165.
14. Daugherty, C.H., Towns, D.R., Atkinson, A.E., Gibbs, G.W., The significance of the biological resources of New Zealand islands for ecological restoration. Towns, D.R., Daugherty, C.H., Atkinson, I.A.E., (eds.) Ecological Restoration of New Zealand Islands. Conservation Sciences Publication n.º 2, 1990, Department of Conservation, Wellington, 9–21.
15. Dias, E., Mendes, C., Melo, C., Pereira, D., Elias, R., Azores Central Islands vegetation and flora field guide. Quercetea 7 (2005), 123–173.
16. Dias, N.A., Matias, L., Lourenço, N., Madeira, J., Carrilho, F., Gaspar, J.L., Crustal seismic velocity structure near Faial and Pico Islands (AZORES), from local earthquake tomography. Tectonophysics 445 (2007), 301–317 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.09.001.
17. Elias, R.B., Gil, A., Silva, L., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., Azevedo, E.B., Reis, F., Natural zonal vegetation of the Azores Islands: characterization and potential distribution. Phytocoenologia 46:2 (2016), 107–123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2016/0132.
18. ESRI, ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10. 2011, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands.
19. Fernandes, J.P., Guiomar, N., Soares, A.S., Geometries in landscape ecology. J. Medit. Ecol. 7:1–4 (2006), 3–13.
20. Fernandes, J.P., Guiomar, N., Freire, M., Gil, A., Applying and integrated landscape characterization and evaluation tool to small islands (Pico, Azores, Portugal). J. Integr. Coast. Zone Manag. 14:2 (2014), 243–266 http://dx.doi.org/10.5894/rgci325.
21. Fernandes, J.P., Guiomar, N., Gil, A., Strategies for conservation planning and management of terrestrial ecosystems in small islands (exemplified for the Macaronesian islands). Environ. Sci. Policy 51 (2015), 1–22 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.03.006.
22. Fernández-Palacios, J.M., de Nascimento, L., Otto, R., Delgado, J.D., García-del-Rey, E., Arévalo, J.R., Whittaker, R.J., A reconstruction of Palaeo-Macaronesia, with particular reference to the long-term biogeography of the Atlantic island laurel forests. J. Biogeogr. 38 (2011), 226–246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02427.x.
23. Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P., Norberg, J., Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 30 (2005), 441–473 http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511.
24. Fonseca, C., Calado, H., Pereira da Silva, C., Gil, A., New approaches to environment conservation and sustainability in small islands: the Project SMARTPARKS. J. Coast. Res. SI64 (2011), 1970–1974.
25. Fragoso, M., Trigo, R.M., Pinto, J.G., Lopes, S., Lopes, A., Ulbrich, S., Magro, C., The 20 February 2010 Madeira flash-floods: synoptic analysis and extreme rainfall assessment. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 12 (2012), 715–730 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-715-2012.
26. Francisco-Ortega, J., Santos-Guerra, A., Kim, S.-C., Crawford, D.J., Plant genetic diversity in the Canary Islands: a conservation perspective. Am. J. Bot. 87:7 (2000), 909–919 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2656988.
27. Frankham, R., Inbreeding and extinction: island populations. Conserv. Biol. 12:3 (1998), 665–675 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96456.x.
28. Giakoumi, S., Grantham, H.S., Kokkoris, G.D., Possingham, H.P., Designing a network of marine reserves in the Mediterranean Sea with limited socio-economic data. Biol. Conserv. 144 (2011), 753–763 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.006.
29. Gil, A., Yu, Q., Abadi, M., Calado, H., Using aster multispectral imagery for mapping woody invasive species in pico da vara natural reserve (Azores Islands, Portugal). Rev. Árvore 38:3 (2014), 391–401 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-67622014000300001.
30. Gil, A., Lobo, A., Abadi, M., Silva, L., Calado, H., Mapping invasive woody plants in Azores Protected Areas by using very high-resolution multispectral imagery. Eur. J. Remote Sens. 46 (2013), 289–304 http://dx.doi.org/10.5721/EuJRS20134616.
31. Gómez-Baggethun, E., Ruiz-Pérez, M., Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services. Prog. Phys. Geog. 35:5 (2011), 613–628 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311421708.
32. Guimarães, M.H., Ballé-Béganton, J., Bailly, D., Newton, A., Boski, T., Dentinho, T., Transdisciplinary conceptual modeling of a social-ecological system – a case study application in Terceira Island. Azores. Ecosys. Serv. 3 (2013), e22–e31 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.12.007.
33. Haggar, J.P., The structure, composition and status of the cloud forests of Pico island in the Azores. Biol. Conserv. 46 (1988), 7–22 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90106-1.
34. Heuer, M., Ecosystem cross-sector collaboration: conceptualizing an adaptive approach to sustainability governance. Bus. Strat. Env. 20 (2011), 211–221 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.673.
35. Hobbs, R.J., Higgs, E., Harris, J.A., Novel ecosystems: implications for conservation and restoration. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24:11 (2009), 599–605 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.05.012.
36. Kynn, M., The ‘heuristics and biases’ bias in expert elicitation. J. R. Stat. Soc. A 171:1 (2008), 239–264 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2007.00499.x.
37. Lagabrielle, E., Botta, A., Aubert, S., Daré, W., David, D., Fabricius, C., Modelling with stakeholders to integrate biodiversity conservation with regional land-use planning e lessons learned in Réunion Island. Environ. Model. Softw. 25 (2010), 1413–1427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.01.011.
38. Lagabrielle, E., Rouget, M., Le Bourgeois, T., Payet, K., Durieux, L., Baret, S., Dupont, J., Strasberg, D., Integrating conservation, restoration and land-use planning in islands – an illustrative case study in Réunion Island (Western Indian Ocean). Landsc. Urban Plan. 101 (2011), 120–130 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.02.004.
39. Lagabrielle, E., Rouget, M., Payet, K., Wistebaar, N., Durieux, L., Baret, S., Lombard, A., Strasberg, D., Identifying and mapping biodiversity processes for conservation planning in islands: a case study in Réunion Island (Western Indian Ocean). Biol. Conserv. 142 (2009), 1523–1535 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.022.
40. Lane, M.B., Towards integrated coastal management in Solomon Islands: identifying strategic issues for governance reform. Ocean. Coast. Manag. 49 (2007), 421–441 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.03.011.
41. Lindenmayer, D.B., Fischer, J., Felton, A., Crane, M., Michael, D., Macgregor, C., Montague-Drake, R., Manning, A., Hobbs, R.J., Novel ecosystems resulting from landscape transformation create dilemmas for modern conservation practice. Conserv. Lett. 1 (2008), 129–135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00021.x.
42. Martin, T.G., Burgman, M.A., Fidler, F., Kuhnert, P.M., Low-Choy, S., McBride, M., Mengersen, K., Eliciting expert knowledge in conservation science. Conserv. Biol. 26:1 (2012), 29–38 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01806.x.
43. Mora, C., Sale, P.F., Ongoing global biodiversity loss and the need to move beyond protected areas: a review of the technical and practical shortcomings of protected areas on land and sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 434 (2011), 251–266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12408.
44. Mora, J.L., Armas-Herrera, C.M., Guerra, J.A., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A., Arbelo, C.D., Factors affecting vegetation and soil recovery in the Mediterranean woodland of the Canary Islands (Spain). J. Arid. Environ. 87 (2012), 58–66 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.07.016.
45. Moran, P.A., Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika 37:1–2 (1950), 17–23 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2332142.
46. Moreira, M., Valoração da biodiversidade no Parque Natural de Ilha do Pico através da metodologia InVEST. Relatório Técnico desenvolvido no âmbito do Projeto SMARTPARKS – Sistema de Ordenamento e Gestão de Áreas Protegidas em Pequenas Ilhas (PTDC/AAC-AMB/098786/2008). 2013, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada.
47. Nunn, P., Carson, M., Collapses of island societies from environmental forcing: does history hold lessons for the future?. Glob. Environ. 8:1 (2015), 110–133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2015.080106.
48. Pelling, M., Uitto, J.I., Small island developing states: natural disaster vulnerability and global change. Global Environ. Chang 3 (2001), 49–62 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00018-3.
49. Petrosillo, I., Costanza, R., Aretano, R., Zaccarelli, N., Zurlini, G., The use of subjective indicators to assess how natural and social capital support residents' quality of life in a small volcanic island. Ecol. Indic. 24 (2013), 609–620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.08.021.
50. Pinheiro, J., Sampaio, J., Madruga, J., Carta de capacidade de uso do solo da Região Autónoma dos Açores. 1987, Departamento de CIências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo.
51. Pontius, R.G. Jr., Millones, M., Death to Kappa: birth of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment. Int. J. Remote Sens. 32:15 (2011), 4407–4429 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.552923.
52. Reaser, J.K., Meyerson, L.A., Cronk, Q., de Poorter, M., Eldrege, L.G., Green, E., Kairo, M., Latasi, P., Mack, R.N., Mauremootoo, J., O'Dowd, D., Orapa, W., Sastroutomo, S., Saunders, A., Shine, C., Thrainsson, S., Vaiutu, L., Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien species in island ecosystems. Environ. Conserv. 34:2 (2007), 98–111 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892907003815.
53. Ricketts, T.H., Dinerstein, E., Boucher, T., Brooks, T.M., Butchart, S.H., Hoffmann, M., Lamoreux, J.F., Morrison, J., Parr, M., Pilgrim, J.D., Rodrigues, A.S.L., Sechrest, W., Wallace, G.E., Berlin, K., Bielby, J., Burgess, N.D., Church, D.R., Cox, N., Knox, D., Loucks, C., Luck, G.W., Master, L.L., Moore, R., Naidoo, R., Ridgely, R., Schatz, G.E., Shire, G., Strand, H., Wettengel, W., Wikramanayake, E., Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:51 (2005), 18497–18501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509060102.
54. Rijke, J., Brown, R., Zevenbergen, C., Ashley, R., Farrelly, M., Morison, P., van Herk, S., Fit-for-purpose governance: a framework to make adaptive governance operational. Environ. Sci. Policy 22 (2012), 73–84 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.06.010.
55. Schwarz, A.-M., Béné, C., Bennett, G., Boso, D., Hilly, Z., Paul, C., Posala, R., Sibiti, S., Andrew, N., Vulnerability and resilience of remote rural communities to shocks and global changes: empirical analysis from Solomon Islands. Glob. Environ. Chang. 21 (2011), 1128–1140 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.04.011.
56. Seastedt, T.R., Hobbs, R.J., Suding, K.N., Management of novel ecosystems: are novel approaches required?. Front. Ecol. Environ. 6 (2008), 547–553 http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/070046.
57. Segan, D.B., Game, E.T., Watts, M.E., Stewart, R.R., Possingham, H.P., An interoperable decision support tool for conservation planning. Environ. Model. Softw. 26 (2011), 1434–1441 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.08.002.
58. Smith, J.R., CLUZ guide version 2.0 (20/2/2016). 2016 https://anotherbobsmith.wordpress.com/software/cluz/.
59. Stewart, R.R., Possingham, H.P., Efficiency, costs and trade-offs in marine reserve system design. Environ. Model. Assess. 10 (2005), 203–213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10666-005-9001-y.
60. Tallis, H., Ferdana, Z., Gray, E., Linking terrestrial and marine conservation planning and threats analysis. Conserv. Biol. 22:1 (2008), 120–130 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00861.x.
61. Triantis, K.A., Borges, P.A.V., Ladle, R.J., Hortal, J., Cardoso, P., Gaspar, C., Dinis, F., Mendonça, E., Silveira, L.M.A., Gabriel, R., Melo, C., Santos, A.M.C., Amorim, I.R., Ribeiro, S.P., Serrano, A.R.M., Quartau, J.A., Whittaker, R.J., Extinction debt on oceanic islands. Ecography 33:2 (2010), 285–294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06203.x.
62. Trindade-Filho, J., de Carvalho, R.A., Brito, D., Loyola, R.D., How does the inclusion of data deficient species change conservation priorities for amphibians in the Atlantic forest?. Biodivers. Conserv. 21 (2012), 2709–2718 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0326-y.
63. Tutin, T.G., The vegetation of the Azores. J. Ecol. 41:1 (1953), 53–61 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2257099.
64. van Beukering, P., Brander, L., Tompkins, E., McKenzie, E., Valuing the Environment in Small Islands - an Environmental Economics Toolkit. 2007, Joint Nature Conservation Comittee http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-4065 (viewed Ag. 2013).
65. Watts, M.E., Ball, I.R., Stewart, R.R., Klein, C.J., Wilson, K., Steinback, C., Lourival, R., Kircher, L., Possingham, H.P., Marxan with Zones: software for optimal conservation based land- and sea-use zoning. Environ. Model. Softw. 29 (2009), 1513–1521 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.06.005.
66. Wiens, J., The dangers of black-and-white conservation. Conserv. Biol. 21:5 (2007), 1371–1372 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00695.x.
67. Wiens, J.A., Landscape ecology as a foundation for sustainable conservation. Landsc. Ecol. 24 (2009), 1053–1065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9284-x.