Action plans with brief patient education for exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2016, Issue 12, 2016, Pages

  Howcroft, Maxwell ^a   Walters, E Haydn ^a   Wood Baker, Richard ^a   Walters, Julia Ae ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DISEASE EXACERBATION; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; LUNG FUNCTION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT EDUCATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SELF CARE; STUDY DESIGN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); THERAPY EFFECT; AGED; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH SERVICE; HOSPITALIZATION; MALE; META ANALYSIS; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

AGED; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SELF CARE;

EID: 85006482336     PISSN: 14651858     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005074.pub4     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Martin IR, McNamara D, Sutherland FR, Tilyard MW, Taylor DR. Care plans for acutely deteriorating COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Chronic Respiratory Disease 2004;1(4):191-5. [3203977]
2. McGeoch GR, Willsman KJ, Dowson CA, Town GI, Frampton CM, McCartin FJ, et al. Self-management plans in the primary care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2006;11(5):611-8. [3203979]
3. Dewan NA, Rice KL, Caldwell M, Hilleman DE. Economic evaluation of a disease management program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 2011;8(3):153-9. [3203981]
4. Rice KL, Dewan N, Bloomfield HE, Grill J, Schult TM, Nelson DB, et al. Disease management program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2010;182(7):890-6. [3203982]
5. Rice KL, Dewan N, Bloomfield HE, Grill MJ, Schult TE, Nelson DB, et al. Case/self management for COPD: a randomized controlled trial [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2008;177:A868. [3203983]
6. Rootmensen GN, Van Keimpema ARJ, Looysen EE, Van der Schaaf L, de Haan RJ, Jansen HM. The effects of additional care by a pulmonary nurse for asthma and COPD patients at a respiratory outpatient clinic: results from a double blind, randomized clinical trial. Patient Education and Counseling 2008;70(2):179-86. [3203985]
7. Trappenburg J, Heijneman J, Monninkhof E, Bourbeau J, Troosters T, Schrijvers G, et al. Effectiveness of an individualized action plan on health status recovery in patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society 20th Annual Congress; 2010 Sep 18-22; Barcelona. 2010:[E2168]. [3203987]
8. Trappenburg J, Monninkhof E, Bourbeau J, Troosters T, Schrijvers A, Verheij T, et al. Effect of an action plan with ongoing support by a case manager on exacerbation-related outcome in patients with COPD: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2011;66:977-84. [3203988]
9. Trappenburg JCA, Koevoets L, de Weert-van Oene GH, Monninkhof EM, Bourbeau J, Troosters T, et al. Action plan to enhance self-management and early detection of exacerbations in COPD patients: a multicenter RCT. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2009;9:52. [3203989]
10. Watson PB, Town GI, Holbrook N, Dwan C, Toop LJ, Drennan CJ. Evaluation of a self-managment plan for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal 1997;10:1267-71. [3203991]
11. McGlone S, Wood-Baker R, Walters EH. The effect of a written action plan in COPD [Abstract]. Respirology 2004;9(2 Suppl):A46. [3203993]
12. Wood-Baker R, McGlone S, Venn A, Walters EH. Written action plans in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increase appropriate treatment for acute exacerbations. Respirology 2006;11(5):619-26. [3203994]
13. Apps LD, Revitt O, Sewell L, Williams J, Singh SJ. An independent self-management programme for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: does it work? A pilot study. Thorax 2008;62(Suppl VII):A137. [3203996]
14. Benzo R, Vickers K, Ernst D, Tucker S, McEvoy C, Lorig K. Development and feasibility of a self-management intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease delivered with motivational interviewing strategies. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 2013;33(2):113-22. [3203998]
15. Bischoff EW, Hamd DH, Sedeno M, Benedetti A, Schermer TRJ, Bernard S, et al. Effects of written action plan adherence on COPD exacerbation recovery. Thorax 2011;66(1):26-31. [3204000]
16. Bischoff E, Akkermans R, Bourbeau J, Vercoulen J, van Weel C, Schermer T. Comprehensive self management and routine monitoring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in general practice: randomised controlled trial [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society 23rd Annual Congress; 2013 Sep 7-11; Barcelona. 2013:42. [3204002]
17. Bosch D, Feierabend M, Becker A. COPD outpatient education programme (ATEM) and BODE index [article in German]. Pneumologie 2007;61(10):629-35. [3204004]
18. Botvinikova L, Konopkina L, Garagulya A. Efficacy of long-term educational program (EP) of patients with COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society 20th Annual Congress; 2010 Sep 18-22; Barcelona. 2010:P4035. [3204006]
19. Bourbeau J, Julien M, Maltais F, Rouleau M, Beaupre A, Begin R, et al. Reduction of hospital utilization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a disease-specific self-management intervention. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003;163(5):585-91. [3204008]
20. Bourbeau J, Nault D, Dang-Tan T. Self-management and behaviour modification in COPD. Patient Education and Counseling 2004;52:271-7. [3204009]
21. Bucknall CE, Miller G, Lloyd SM, Cleland J, McCluskey S, Cotton M, et al. Glasgow supported self-management trial (GSuST) for patients with moderate to severe COPD: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012;344(7849):e1060. [3204011]
22. Cave AJ, Makarows C, Ahmadi E. Effect of respiratory educators in family physicians' offices on COPD [Abstract]. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2010;19(2):A18 [68]. [3204013]
23. Chavannes NH, Grijsen M, Van Den Akker M, Schepers H, Nijdam M, Tiep B, et al. Integrated disease management improves one-year quality of life in primary care COPD patients: a controlled clinical trial. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2009;18(3):171-6. [3204015]
24. Choi CJ, Chung HIC, Han G. Patient outcomes according to COPD action plan adherence. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2014;23(5-6):883-91. [3204017]
25. Chuang C, Levine SH, Rich J. Enhancing cost-effective care with a patient-centric coronary obstructive pulmonary disease program. Population Health Management 2011;14(3):133-6. [3204019]
26. Coultas DB, Russo R, Peoples J, Ashmore J, Sloan J, Verdan P. Six month results of behavioral self-management effectiveness trial to enhance lifestyle physical activity among patients with COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2012 May 18-23; San Francisco. 2012; Vol. 185:A4871. [3204021]
27. Davies F, Risør MB, Melbye H, Spigt M, Brookes-Howell L, O'Neill C, et al. Primary and secondary care clinicians' views on self-treatment of COPD exacerbations: a multinational qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling 2014;96(2):256-63. [3204023]
28. Dhein Y, Munks-Lederer C, Worth H. Evaluation of a structured education programme for patients with COPD under outpatients conditions - a pilot study [article in German]. Medizinische Klinik 2003;57:591-7. [3204025]
29. Effing T, Kerstjens H, Van Der Valk P, Zielhuis G, Van Der Palen J. (Cost)-effectiveness of self-treatment of exacerbations on the severity of exacerbations in patients with COPD: The COPE II study. Thorax 2009;64(11):956-62. [3204027]
30. Effing TW, Zielhuis GA, Kerstjens HAM, van der Valk PDLPM, van der Palen J. A community based reactivation program incorporated in a COPD self-management program: the COPE II-Study [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2009 May 15-20; San Diego. 2009:A2381 [Poster #519]. [3204028]
31. Efraimsson EO, Hillervik C, Ehrenberg A. Effects of COPD self-care management education at a nurse-led primary health care clinic. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2008;22(2):178-85. [3204030]
32. Fan VS, Gaziano JM, Lew R, Bourbeau J, Adams SG, Leatherman S, et al. A comprehensive care management program to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations: a randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2012;156(10):673-83. [3204032]
33. Fan VS, Niewoehner DE, Lew R. A comprehensive care management program to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations. Annals of Internal Medicine 2012;157(7):530-1. [3204033]
34. Hesselink A, Penninx B, Van der Windt D, Van Duin B, De Vries P, Twisk J, et al. Effectiveness of an education programme by a general practice assistant for asthma and COPD patients: results from a randomised controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling 2004;55:121-8. [3204035]
35. Jarab AS, Al Qudah SG, Khdour M, Shamssain M, Mukattash TL. Impact of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with COPD. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2012;34(1):53-62. [3204039]
36. Al-Khdour M, McCourt B, Kidney J, Crealey GE, McElnay JC. Humanistic and economic outcomes of a disease and medicine management programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2008;16(Suppl 3):C60. [3204041]
37. Khdour M, Smyth B, Kidney J, McElnay J. Education on disease and medicine management programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 2008; Vol. 177(Suppl 13):S447-8. [3204042]
38. Khdour MR, Agus AM, Kidney JC, Smyth BM, Elnay JC, Crealey GE. Cost-utility analysis of a pharmacy-led self-management programme for patients with COPD. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2011;33(4):665-73. [3204044]
39. Khdour MR, Kidney JC, Smyth BM, McElnay JC. Clinical pharmacy-led disease and medicine management programme for patients with COPD. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2009;68(4):588-98. [3204043]
40. Kiser K, Jonas D, Warner Z, Scanlon K, Bryant SB, DeWalt DA. A randomized controlled trial of a literacy-sensitive self-management intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2012;27(2):190-5. [3204046]
41. Lawlor M, Kealy S, O'Connell F. Provision of self-management plans for treatment of COPD exacerbations reduces hospital admissions. European Respiratory Journal 2007;30(Suppl):Abstract 3390. [3204048]
42. Lenferink A, Frith P, van der Valk P, Buckman J, Sladek R, Cafarella P, et al. A self-management approach using self-initiated action plans for symptoms with ongoing nurse support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and comorbidities: the COPE-III study protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;36(1):81-9. [3204050]
43. Maltais F, Bourbeau J, Shapiro S, Lacasse Y, Perrault H, Baltzan M, et al. Effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2008;149(12):869-78. [3204052]
44. NCT00169897 Pulmonary rehabilitation at home versus at the gymnasium. NCT00169897. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00169897 (accessed 11 March 2016). [3204053]
45. Miller GA, Lloyd S, McConnachie A, Bucknall C. Glasgow supported self management trial (GSuST) for moderate to severe COPD: a description of the patient cohort. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2010; Vol. 181, issue Meeting Abstracts:A1512. [3204055]
46. Monninkhof E, Van der Valk P, Van der Palen J, Van Herwaarden C, Zielhuis G. Effects of a comprehensive self-management programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal 2003;22(5):815-20. [3204057]
47. Newman AM, Smith MJ, Wiggins J. A study of disease comprehension in COPD patients and the effects of a simple education programme. European Respiratory Journal 1995;8(Suppl 19):525S. [3204063]
48. Parenteau S, Scott AS, McKnight J, Menzies D, Bourbeau J. Impact of an action plan that emphasizes the prompt use of oral prednisone and antibiotics in COPD exacerbation [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 99th International Conference; 2003 May 16-21; Seattle. 2003:A108 [Poster:C62]. [3204065]
49. Rea H, McAuley S, Stewart A, Lamont C, Roseman P, Didsbury P. A chronic disease management programme can reduce days in hospital for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Internal Medicine Journal 2004;34:608-14. [3204067]
50. Wellingham J, Rea H. Reducing hospital demand through a single chronic disease management programme for COPD and associated co-morbidity [Abstract]. IPCRG Congress; 2002 June 7-9; Amsterdam. 2002:28. [3204068]
51. Roberts NJ, Partridge MR. Design and test of a pictorial COPD self-management action plan. European Respiratory Journal 2007;30(Suppl):Abstract 3394. [3204070]
52. Rowett D, Cafarella S, Simmons S, Frith P. Increased self-management capacity leads to improved health outcomes for chronic lung disease patients. European Resiratory Journal 2005;26(Suppl 49):72s. [3204072]
53. Sedeno MF, Nault D, Hamd DH, Bourbeau J. A written action plan for early treatment of COPD exacerbations: an important component to the reduction of hospitalizations. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2006;3:A603. [3204074]
54. Sedeno MF, Nault D, Hamd DH, Bourbeau J. A self-management education program including an action plan for acute COPD exacerbations. COPD 2009;6(5):352-8. [3204076]
55. Siddique HH, Olson RH, Parenti CM, Rector TS, Caldwell M, Dewan NA, et al. Randomized trial of pragmatic education for low-risk COPD patients: impact on hospitalizations and emergency department visits. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2012;7(1):719-28. [3204078]
56. Song HY, Yong SJ, Hur HK. Effectiveness of a brief self-care support intervention for pulmonary rehabilitation among the elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea. Rehabilitation Nursing 2014;39(3):147-56. [3204080]
57. Roberts NJ, Taylor R, Dawson S, Sridhar M, Partridge MR. Self management education in COPD leads to a cost effective reduction in need for unscheduled primary care consultations [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2007;175:A283. [3204082]
58. Sridhar M, Taylor R, Dawson S, Roberts NJ, Partridge MR. A nurse led intermediate care package in patients who have been hospitalised with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2008;63(3):194-200. [3204083]
59. Uijen AA, Bischoff E, Schellevis FG, Bor HHJ, Van Den Bosch W, Schers HJ. Continuity in different care modes and its relationship to quality of life: a randomised controlled trial in patients with COPD. British Journal of General Practice 2012;62:e422-8. [3204085]
60. Wakabayashi R, Kida K, Yamada K, Jones RCM, Hyland ME. A randomised controlled trial of a patient education programme versus normal care for COPD using the lung information needs questionnaire (LINQ) [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal. 2006;28(Suppl 50):554s [P3192]. [3204087]
61. Wittmann M, Spohn S, Schultz K, Pfeifer M, Petro W. Patient education in COPD during inpatient rehabilitation improves quality of life and morbidity [article in German]. Pneumologie 2007;10:636-42. [3204089]
62. Worth H, Dhein Y. Does patient education modify behaviour in the management of COPD?. Patient Education and Counselling 2004;52(3):267-70. [3204091]
63. Yu SH, Guo AM, Zhang XJ. Effects of self-management education on quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2014;1(1):53-7. [3204093]
64. Doheny S, Lynch A, Dunican K, Cabrera A, Silva M. The effectiveness of pharmacist-provided self-management education to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2013;53(2):e107. [3204095]
65. Access Economics Pty Limited for The Australian Lung Foundation. Economic impact of COPD and cost effective solutions. The Australian Lung Foundation, 2008:1-70.
66. Agusti A, Calverley P, Celli B, Coxson H, Edwards L, Lomas D, et al. Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respiratory Research 2010;11:122.
67. American Lung Association. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) facts. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/learn-about-copd/what-is-copd.html (accessed 11 March 2016).
68. Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Terry S, Mistry V, Pancholi M, Venge P, et al. Blood eosinophils to direct corticosteroid treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012;186(1):48-55.
69. Barnes P, Celli B. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2009;33:1165-85.
70. Bourbeau J, van der Palen J. Promoting effective self-management programmes to improve COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2009;33:461-3.
71. Burgel P, Paillasseur J, Caillaud D, Tillie-Leblond I, Chanez P, Escamilla R, et al. Clinical COPD phenotypes: a novel approach using principal component and cluster analyses. European Respiratory Journal 2010;36:531-9.
72. Chhabra S, Dash D. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: causes and impacts. Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences 2014;56:93-104.
73. Deeks JJ. Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests. British Medical Journal 2001;323(7305):157-62.
74. Dowson CA, Town GI, Frampton C, Mulder RT. Psychopathology and illness beliefs influence COPD self-management. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004;56(3):333-40.
75. Effing T, Bourbeau J, Vercoulen J, Apter A, Coultas D, Meek P, et al. Self-management programmes for COPD: moving forward. Chronic Respiratory Disease 2012;9:27-35.
76. Effing TW, Vercoulen JH, Bourbeau J, Trappenburg J, Lenferink A, Cafarella P, et al. Definition of a COPD self-management intervention: International Expert Group consensus. European Respiratory Journal 2016;48(1):46-54.
77. Eisner M, Blanc P, Yelin E, Sidney S, Katz P, Ackerson L, et al. COPD as a systemic disease: impact on physical functional limitations. The American Journal of Medicine 2008; Vol. 121:789-96.
78. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Lung Disease. From the Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2016. http://www.goldcopd.org/ (accessed 1 December 2016).
79. Halbert R, Natoli J, Gano A, Badamgarav E, Buist A, Mannino D. Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Journal 2006;28:523-32.
80. Halpin D, Decramer M, Celli B, Kesten S, Liu D, Tashkin D. Exacerbation frequency and course of COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2012;7:653-61.
81. Han M. Clinical correlations of computed tomography imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2013;10:131-7.
82. Hanania N, Müllerova H, Locantore N, Vestbo J, Watkins M, Wouters E, et al. Determinants of depression in the ECLIPSE chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011;183:604-11.
83. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. www.cochrane-handbook.org.
84. Hogg J. Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet 2004;364:709-21.
85. Kessler R, Stahl E, Vogelmeier C, Haughney J, Trudeau E, Löfdahl C, et al. Patient understanding, detection, and experience of COPD exacerbations: an observational, interview-based study. Chest 2006;130:133-42.
86. Kolbe J, Vamos M, Fergusson W, Elkind G, Garrett J. Differential influences on asthma self-management knowledge and self-management behavior in acute severe asthma. Chest 1996;110(6):1463-8.
87. Kruis A, Smidt N, Assendelft W, Gussekloo J, Boland M, Molken M, et al. Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013;130(1):133-42.
88. Langsetmo L, Platt R, Ernst P, Bourbeau J. Underreporting exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a longitudinal cohort. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2008;177:396-401.
89. Lenferink A, Brusse-Keizer M, van der Valk PD, Frith PA, Zwerink M, Monninkhof EM, et al. Self management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 5. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011682]
90. Mathers C, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Medicine 2006;3:e442.
91. McCarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, Murphy K, Murphy E, Lacasse Y. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003793.pub3]
92. O'Reilly JF, Williams AE, Holt K, Rice L. Defining COPD exacerbations: impact on estimation of incidence and burden in primary care. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2006;15(6):346-53.
93. Pascoe S, Locantore N, Dransfield MT, Barnes NC, Pavord ID. Blood eosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the addition of inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data from two parallel randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2015;3(6):435-42.
94. Rennard S, Vestbo J. COPD: the dangerous underestimate of 15%. The Lancet 2006;367:1216-9.
95. Spencer S, Calverley P, Burge P, Jones P. Impact of preventing exacerbations on deterioration of health status in COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2004;23:698-702.
96. Vestbo J, Edwards LD, Scanlon PD, Yates JC, Agusti A, Bakke P, et al. Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over time in COPD. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;365(13):1184-92.
97. Vollenweider DJ, Jarrett H, Steurer-Stey CA, Garcia-Aymerich J, Puhan MA. Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010257]
98. Walters EH, Walters J, Wills KE, Robinson A, Wood-Baker R. Clinical diaries in COPD: compliance and utility in predicting acute exacerbations. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2012;7:427-35.
99. Walters JAE, Gibson PG, Wood-Baker R, Hannay M, Walters EH. Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001288.pub3]
100. Epidemiology and Burden of Disease. The global burden of disease. http://www.who.int/topics/global_burden_of_disease/en/ (accessed 11 March 2016).
101. Global Health Observatory. World Health Statistics. http://www.who.int/gho/en/ (accessed 11 March 2016).
102. Wilkinson TM, Donaldson GC, Hurst JR, Seemungal TA, Wedzicha JA. Early therapy improves outcomes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004;169:1298-303.
103. Zwerink M, Brusse-Keizer M, van der Valk PD, Zielhuis GA, Monninkhof EM, van der Palen J, et al. Self management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002990.pub3]
104. Turnock AC, Walters EH, Walters JJAE, Wood-Baker R. Action plans for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005074; CD005074]
105. Walters JAE, Turnock AC, Walters EH, Wood-Baker R. Action plans with limited patient education only for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 5 10.1002/14651858.CD005074.pub3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005074.pub3]