메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 281, Issue 1792, 2014, Pages

Early life expenditure in sexual competition is associated with increased reproductive senescence in male red deer

Author keywords

Ageing; Cervus elaphus; Disposable soma theory; Life history; Reproduction; Sexual selection

Indexed keywords

AGING; BIOENERGETICS; DEER; HAREM; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; LIFE HISTORY THEORY; REPRODUCTIVE COST; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; SENESCENCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; TRADE-OFF;

EID: 85006309703     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0792     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 43949108580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary ecology of senescence
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01418.x)
    • Monaghan P, Charmantier A, Nussey D, Ricklefs R. 2008 The evolutionary ecology of senescence. Funct. Ecol. 22, 371-378. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01418.x)
    • (2008) Funct. Ecol. , vol.22 , pp. 371-378
    • Monaghan, P.1    Charmantier, A.2    Nussey, D.3    Ricklefs, R.4
  • 3
    • 0000055057 scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence
    • (doi:10.2307/2406060)
    • Williams GC. 1957 Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence. Evolution11, 398-411. (doi:10.2307/2406060)
    • (1957) Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 398-411
    • Williams, G.C.1
  • 4
    • 0013942563 scopus 로고
    • The moulding of senescence by natural selection
    • (doi:10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6)
    • Hamilton WD. 1966 The moulding of senescence by natural selection. J. Theor. Biol. 12, 12-45. (doi:10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6)
    • (1966) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 12-45
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 5
    • 44649194403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senescence rates are determined by ranking on the fast-slow lifehistory continuum
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01187.x)
    • Jones OR et al. 2008 Senescence rates are determined by ranking on the fast-slow lifehistory continuum. Ecol. Lett. 11, 664-673. (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01187.x)
    • (2008) Ecol. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 664-673
    • Jones, O.R.1
  • 6
    • 84892367491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of ageing across the tree of life
    • (doi:10.1038/nature12789)
    • Jones OR et al. 2014 Diversity of ageing across the tree of life. Nature505, 169-173. (doi:10.1038/nature12789)
    • (2014) Nature , vol.505 , pp. 169-173
    • Jones, O.R.1
  • 7
    • 0017782437 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of ageing
    • (doi:10.1038/270301a0)
    • Kirkwood T. 1977 Evolution of ageing. Nature270, 301-304. (doi:10.1038/270301a0)
    • (1977) Nature , vol.270 , pp. 301-304
    • Kirkwood, T.1
  • 8
    • 0001026007 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack's principle
    • (doi:10.1086/282461)
    • Williams GC. 1966 Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack's principle. Am. Nat. 100, 687-690. (doi:10.1086/282461)
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 687-690
    • Williams, G.C.1
  • 9
    • 0026314114 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of senescence: Late survival sacrificed for reproduction
    • (doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0028)
    • Kirkwood TBL, Rose MR. 1991 Evolution of senescence: late survival sacrificed for reproduction. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B332, 15-24. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0028)
    • (1991) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.332 , pp. 15-24
    • Kirkwood, T.B.L.1    Rose, M.R.2
  • 10
    • 84872418762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing free-ranging and captive populations reveals intra-specific variation in aging rates in large herbivores
    • (doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.12.004)
    • Lemaître J-F, Gaillard J-M, Lackey LB, Clauss M, Müller DW. 2013 Comparing free-ranging and captive populations reveals intra-specific variation in aging rates in large herbivores. Exp. Gerontol. 48, 162-167. (doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.12.004)
    • (2013) Exp. Gerontol. , vol.48 , pp. 162-167
    • Lemaître, J.-F.1    Gaillard, J.-M.2    Lackey, L.B.3    Clauss, M.4    Müller, D.W.5
  • 11
    • 84867391720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senescence in natural populations of animals: Widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology
    • (doi:10.1016/j.arr.2012.07.004)
    • Nussey DH, Froy H, Lemaître J-F, Gaillard J-M, Austad SN. 2013 Senescence in natural populations of animals: widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology. Ageing Res. Rev. 12, 214-225. (doi:10.1016/j.arr.2012.07.004)
    • (2013) Ageing Res. Rev. , vol.12 , pp. 214-225
    • Nussey, D.H.1    Froy, H.2    Lemaître, J.-F.3    Gaillard, J.-M.4    Austad, S.N.5
  • 12
    • 0025196998 scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of senescence in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollisby reproductive costs
    • (doi:10.1038/347279a0)
    • Gustafsson L, Pärt T. 1990 Acceleration of senescence in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollisby reproductive costs. Nature347, 279-281. (doi:10.1038/347279a0)
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 279-281
    • Gustafsson, L.1    Pärt, T.2
  • 13
    • 33751218556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate of senescence in maternal performance increases with early-life fecundity in red deer
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00989.x)
    • Nussey DH, Kruuk LE, Donald A, Fowlie M, CluttonBrock TH. 2006 The rate of senescence in maternal performance increases with early-life fecundity in red deer. Ecol. Lett. 9, 1342-1350. (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00989.x)
    • (2006) Ecol. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 1342-1350
    • Nussey, D.H.1    Kruuk, L.E.2    Donald, A.3    Fowlie, M.4    CluttonBrock, T.H.5
  • 14
    • 0024476927 scopus 로고
    • Fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild mammals
    • (doi:10.1038/337260a0)
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Albon SD, Guinness FE. 1989 Fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild mammals. Nature337, 260-262. (doi:10.1038/337260a0)
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 260-262
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 15
    • 37549018567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection in males andfemales
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1133311)
    • Clutton-Brock TH. 2007 Sexual selection in males andfemales. Science 318, 1882-1885. (doi:10.1126/science.1133311)
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 1882-1885
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 16
    • 11144223861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-quality male field crickets invest heavily in sexual display but die young
    • (doi:10.1038/nature03084)
    • Hunt J, Brooks R, Jennions MD, Smith MJ, Bentsen CL, Bussiere LF. 2004 High-quality male field crickets invest heavily in sexual display but die young. Nature432, 1024-1027. (doi:10.1038/nature03084)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 1024-1027
    • Hunt, J.1    Brooks, R.2    Jennions, M.D.3    Smith, M.J.4    Bentsen, C.L.5    Bussiere, L.F.6
  • 17
    • 72449133927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic costs of male reproduction in a scramble competition mating system
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01592.x)
    • Lane JE, Boutin S, Speakman JR, Humphries MM. 2010 Energetic costs of male reproduction in a scramble competition mating system. J. Anim. Ecol. 79, 27-34. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01592.x)
    • (2010) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 27-34
    • Lane, J.E.1    Boutin, S.2    Speakman, J.R.3    Humphries, M.M.4
  • 18
    • 36849075408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in ageing in natural populations of vertebrates
    • (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1138)
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Isvaran K. 2007 Sex differences in ageing in natural populations of vertebrates. Proc. R. Soc. B274, 3097-3104. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1138)
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 3097-3104
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Isvaran, K.2
  • 19
    • 43949092458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection, sexual conflict and the evolution of ageing and life span
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01417.x)
    • Bonduriansky R, Maklakov A, Zajitschek F, Brooks R. 2008 Sexual selection, sexual conflict and the evolution of ageing and life span. Funct. Ecol. 22, 443-453. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01417.x)
    • (2008) Funct. Ecol. , vol.22 , pp. 443-453
    • Bonduriansky, R.1    Maklakov, A.2    Zajitschek, F.3    Brooks, R.4
  • 20
    • 28444456740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive ageing and sexual selection on male body size in a wild population of antler flies (Protopiophila litigata)
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00957.x)
    • Bonduriansky R, Brassil CE. 2005 Reproductive ageing and sexual selection on male body size in a wild population of antler flies (Protopiophila litigata). J. Evol. Biol. 18, 1332-1340. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00957.x)
    • (2005) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 1332-1340
    • Bonduriansky, R.1    Brassil, C.E.2
  • 21
    • 0024922177 scopus 로고
    • Review lecture: Mammalian mating systems
    • (doi:10.1098/rspb.1989.0027)
    • Clutton-Brock TH. 1989 Review lecture: mammalian mating systems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B236, 339-372. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1989.0027)
    • (1989) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.236 , pp. 339-372
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 23
    • 84985379477 scopus 로고
    • Annual cycles of body weight and condition in Scottish red deer, Cervus elaphus
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1976.tb04667.x)
    • Mitchell B, McCowan D, Nicholson IA. 1976 Annual cycles of body weight and condition in Scottish red deer, Cervus elaphus. J. Zool. 180, 107-127. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1976.tb04667.x)
    • (1976) J. Zool. , vol.180 , pp. 107-127
    • Mitchell, B.1    McCowan, D.2    Nicholson, I.A.3
  • 24
    • 0001212767 scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure for reproduction in male red deer
    • (doi:10.2307/1382171)
    • Bobek B, Perzanowski K, Weiner J. 1990 Energy expenditure for reproduction in male red deer. J. Mammal. 71, 230-232. (doi:10.2307/1382171)
    • (1990) J. Mammal. , vol.71 , pp. 230-232
    • Bobek, B.1    Perzanowski, K.2    Weiner, J.3
  • 25
    • 0036694572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antler size in red deer: Heritability and selection but no evolution
    • (doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01480.x)
    • Kruuk LE, Slate J, Pemberton JM, Brotherstone S, Guinness F, Clutton-Brock TH. 2002 Antler size in red deer: heritability and selection but no evolution. Evolution56, 1683-1695. (doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01480.x)
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1683-1695
    • Kruuk, L.E.1    Slate, J.2    Pemberton, J.M.3    Brotherstone, S.4    Guinness, F.5    Clutton-Brock, T.H.6
  • 26
    • 84905964566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case study: Quantitative genetics and sexual selection of weaponry in a wild ungulate
    • (eds A Charmantier, D Garant, LEB Kruuk), Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
    • Kruuk LEB, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM. 2014 Case study: quantitative genetics and sexual selection of weaponry in a wild ungulate. In Quantitative genetics of wild populations(eds A Charmantier, D Garant, LEB Kruuk), pp. 68-83. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • (2014) Quantitative genetics of wild populations , pp. 68-83
    • Kruuk, L.E.B.1    Clutton-Brock, T.H.2    Pemberton, J.M.3
  • 27
    • 84898015883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The allometry between secondary sexual traits and body size is nonlinear among cervids
    • (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0869)
    • Lemaître JF, Vanpé C, Plard F, Gaillard JM. 2014 The allometry between secondary sexual traits and body size is nonlinear among cervids. Biol. Lett. 10, 20130869. (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0869)
    • (2014) Biol. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 20130869
    • Lemaître, J.F.1    Vanpé, C.2    Plard, F.3    Gaillard, J.M.4
  • 28
    • 2542435396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the mechanisms regulating regeneration of deer antlers
    • (doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1471)
    • Price J, Allen S. 2004 Exploring the mechanisms regulating regeneration of deer antlers. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B359, 809-822. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1471)
    • (2004) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.359 , pp. 809-822
    • Price, J.1    Allen, S.2
  • 29
    • 36549001264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental conditions in early life influence ageing rates in a wild population of red deer
    • (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.005)
    • Nussey DH, Kruuk LEB, Morris A, Clutton-Brock TH. 2007 Environmental conditions in early life influence ageing rates in a wild population of red deer. Curr. Biol. 17, R1000-R1001. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.005)
    • (2007) Curr. Biol. , vol.17
    • Nussey, D.H.1    Kruuk, L.E.B.2    Morris, A.3    Clutton-Brock, T.H.4
  • 30
    • 70149122776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-and intrasexual variation in aging patterns across reproductive traits in a wild red deer population
    • (doi:10.1086/603615)
    • Nussey DH, Kruuk LE, Morris A, Clements MN, Pemberton JM, Clutton-Brock TH. 2009 Inter-and intrasexual variation in aging patterns across reproductive traits in a wild red deer population. Am. Nat. 174, 342-357. (doi:10.1086/603615)
    • (2009) Am. Nat. , vol.174 , pp. 342-357
    • Nussey, D.H.1    Kruuk, L.E.2    Morris, A.3    Clements, M.N.4    Pemberton, J.M.5    Clutton-Brock, T.H.6
  • 31
    • 1342330862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression
    • (doi:10.1890/02-3114)
    • Graham MH. 2003 Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression. Ecology84, 2809-2815. (doi:10.1890/02-3114)
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2809-2815
    • Graham, M.H.1
  • 32
    • 33646723279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent traits: A new statistical model to separate withinand between-individual effects
    • (doi:10.1086/503331)
    • Van de Pol M, Verhulst S. 2006 Age-dependent traits: a new statistical model to separate withinand between-individual effects. Am. Nat. 167, 766-773. (doi:10.1086/503331)
    • (2006) Am. Nat. , vol.167 , pp. 766-773
    • Van de Pol, M.1    Verhulst, S.2
  • 34
    • 0034626774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do we age?
    • (doi:10.1038/35041682)
    • Kirkwood TBL, Austad SN. 2000 Why do we age? Nature408, 233-238. (doi:10.1038/35041682)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 233-238
    • Kirkwood, T.B.L.1    Austad, S.N.2
  • 35
    • 80052796835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually extravagant males age more rapidly
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01668.x)
    • Preston BT, Jalme MS, Hingrat Y, Lacroix F, Sorci G. 2011 Sexually extravagant males age more rapidly. Ecol. Lett. 14, 1017-1024. (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01668.x)
    • (2011) Ecol. Lett. , vol.14 , pp. 1017-1024
    • Preston, B.T.1    Jalme, M.S.2    Hingrat, Y.3    Lacroix, F.4    Sorci, G.5
  • 36
    • 2542474628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The somatic cost of reproduction: What determines reproductive effort in prime-aged fallow bucks?
    • McElligott AG, Naulty F, Clarke WV, Hayden TJ. 2003 The somatic cost of reproduction: what determines reproductive effort in prime-aged fallow bucks? Evol. Ecol. Res. 5, 1239-1250.
    • (2003) Evol. Ecol. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 1239-1250
    • McElligott, A.G.1    Naulty, F.2    Clarke, W.V.3    Hayden, T.J.4
  • 37
    • 27644479850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing and reproductive effort in male moose under variable levels of intrasexual competition
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00965.x)
    • Mysterud A, Solberg EJ, Yoccoz NG. 2005 Ageing and reproductive effort in male moose under variable levels of intrasexual competition. J. Anim. Ecol. 74, 742-754. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00965.x)
    • (2005) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.74 , pp. 742-754
    • Mysterud, A.1    Solberg, E.J.2    Yoccoz, N.G.3
  • 38
  • 39
    • 77958616884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between male social status, testosterone levels, and parasitism in a dimorphic polygynous mammal
    • (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012507)
    • Negro SS, Caudron AK, Dubois M, Delahaut P, Gemmell NJ. 2010 Correlation between male social status, testosterone levels, and parasitism in a dimorphic polygynous mammal. PLoS ONE5, e12507. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012507)
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Negro, S.S.1    Caudron, A.K.2    Dubois, M.3    Delahaut, P.4    Gemmell, N.J.5
  • 40
    • 84856004455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling complex associations between testosterone and parasite infection in the wild
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01919.x)
    • Ezenwa VO, Stefan Ekernas L, Creel S. 2012 Unravelling complex associations between testosterone and parasite infection in the wild. Funct. Ecol. 26, 123-133. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01919.x)
    • (2012) Funct. Ecol. , vol.26 , pp. 123-133
    • Ezenwa, V.O.1    Stefan Ekernas, L.2    Creel, S.3
  • 41
    • 74549121959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone is associated with harem maintenance ability in free-ranging grey-headed flying-foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus
    • (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0563)
    • Klose SM, Welbergen JA, Kalko EKV. 2009 Testosterone is associated with harem maintenance ability in free-ranging grey-headed flying-foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus. Biol. Lett. 5, 758-761. (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0563)
    • (2009) Biol. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 758-761
    • Klose, S.M.1    Welbergen, J.A.2    Kalko, E.K.V.3
  • 42
    • 0026499609 scopus 로고
    • Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap
    • (doi:10.1086/285346)
    • Folstad I, Karter AJ. 1992 Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap. Am. Nat. 139, 603-622. (doi:10.1086/285346)
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.139 , pp. 603-622
    • Folstad, I.1    Karter, A.J.2
  • 43
    • 24344443277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life span is related to the free energy of mitochondrial DNA
    • (doi:10.1016/j.mad.2005.05.003)
    • Samuels DC. 2005 Life span is related to the free energy of mitochondrial DNA. Mech. Ageing Dev. 126, 1123-1129. (doi:10.1016/j.mad.2005.05.003)
    • (2005) Mech. Ageing Dev. , vol.126 , pp. 1123-1129
    • Samuels, D.C.1
  • 45
    • 84859719568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuning and fading voices in songbirds: Age-dependent changes in two acoustic traits across the life span
    • (doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.001)
    • Rivera-Gutierrez HF, Pinxten R, Eens M. 2012 Tuning and fading voices in songbirds: age-dependent changes in two acoustic traits across the life span. Anim. Behav. 83, 1279-1283. (doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.001)
    • (2012) Anim. Behav. , vol.83 , pp. 1279-1283
    • Rivera-Gutierrez, H.F.1    Pinxten, R.2    Eens, M.3
  • 46
    • 0000614270 scopus 로고
    • The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphusL.)
    • (doi:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90141-6)
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Albon SD, Gibson RM, Guinness FE. 1979 The logical stag: adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphusL.). Anim. Behav. 27, 211-225. (doi:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90141-6)
    • (1979) Anim. Behav. , vol.27 , pp. 211-225
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Gibson, R.M.3    Guinness, F.E.4
  • 47
    • 84876569582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male survival patterns do not depend on male allocation to sexual competition in large herbivores
    • (doi:10.1093/beheco/ars179)
    • Lemaître J-F, Gaillard J-M. 2013 Male survival patterns do not depend on male allocation to sexual competition in large herbivores. Behav. Ecol. 24, 421-428. (doi:10.1093/beheco/ars179)
    • (2013) Behav. Ecol. , vol.24 , pp. 421-428
    • Lemaître, J.-F.1    Gaillard, J.-M.2
  • 48
    • 33947387935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antler size provides an honest signal of male phenotypic quality in roe deer
    • (doi:10.1086/512046)
    • Vanpé C et al. 2007 Antler size provides an honest signal of male phenotypic quality in roe deer. Am. Nat. 169, 481-493. (doi:10.1086/512046)
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169 , pp. 481-493
    • Vanpé, C.1
  • 49
    • 65549150379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical evidence of density-dependence in populations of large herbivores
    • (doi:10.1016/S0065-2504(09)00405-X)
    • Bonenfant C et al. 2009 Empirical evidence of density-dependence in populations of large herbivores. Adv. Ecol. Res. 41, 313-357. (doi:10.1016/S0065-2504(09)00405-X)
    • (2009) Adv. Ecol. Res. , vol.41 , pp. 313-357
    • Bonenfant, C.1
  • 50
    • 84880328607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of sex differences in lifespan and aging: Causes and constraints
    • (doi:10.1002/bies.201300021)
    • Maklakov AA, Lummaa V. 2013 Evolution of sex differences in lifespan and aging: causes and constraints. BioEssays35, 717-724. (doi:10.1002/bies.201300021)
    • (2013) BioEssays , vol.35 , pp. 717-724
    • Maklakov, A.A.1    Lummaa, V.2
  • 51
    • 33646238490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetics of age at reproduction in wild swans: Support for antagonistic pleiotropy models of senescence
    • (doi:10.1073/pnas.0511123103)
    • Charmantier A, Perrins C, McCleery RH, Sheldon BC. 2006 Quantitative genetics of age at reproduction in wild swans: support for antagonistic pleiotropy models of senescence. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA103, 6587-6592. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0511123103)
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 6587-6592
    • Charmantier, A.1    Perrins, C.2    McCleery, R.H.3    Sheldon, B.C.4
  • 52
    • 38849143788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for genetic trade-offs between early-and late-life reproduction in a wild red deer population
    • (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0986)
    • Nussey DH, Wilson AJ, Morris A, Pemberton J, Clutton-Brock T, Kruuk LEB. 2008 Testing for genetic trade-offs between early-and late-life reproduction in a wild red deer population. Proc. R. Soc. B275, 745-750. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0986)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 745-750
    • Nussey, D.H.1    Wilson, A.J.2    Morris, A.3    Pemberton, J.4    Clutton-Brock, T.5    Kruuk, L.E.B.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.