Beyond improvisation? The rise and rise of youth entrepreneurs in north India

Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 98-109

  Young, Stephen ^a   Kumar, Satendra ^b,c   Jeffrey, Craig ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science Institute   (India)

^c CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF DEVELOPING SOCIETIES   (India)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

economic geography; enterprise; higher education; India; interviews; youth

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; ENTREPRENEUR; FIELDWORK; HIGHER EDUCATION; LIBERALIZATION; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; RETURNS TO EDUCATION; SOCIAL SECURITY; YOUNG POPULATION;

INDIA; MEERUT; UTTAR PRADESH;

EID: 85003671265     PISSN: 00202754     EISSN: 14755661     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/tran.12151     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Agarwal P 2009 Indian higher education: envisioning the future SAGE India, New Delhi
2. Bathelt H, Malmberg A and Maskell P 2004 Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation Progress in Human Geography 28 31–56
3. Bayat A 2013 Revolution in bad times New Left Review 80 47–60
4. Belmonte T 1979 The broken fountain Columbia University Press, New York NY
5. Benjamin S 2008 Occupancy urbanism: radicalizing politics and economy beyond policy and programs International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32 719–29
6. Birtchnell T 2011 Jugaad as systemic risk and disruptive innovation Contemporary South Asia 19 357–72
7. Chandra K 2004 Why ethnic parties succeed: patronage and ethnic headcounts in India Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
8. Chandrasekhar C P and Ghosh J 2002 The market that failed: a decade of neoliberal economic reforms in India Leftword, New Delhi
9. Coelho K, Kamath L and Vijayabaskar M eds 2013 Participolis: consent and contention in urban governance Routledge India, New Delhi
10. Cohen S 2003 Alienation and globalization in Morocco: addressing the social and political impact of market integration Comparative Studies in Society and History 45 168–89
11. Corbridge S, Harriss J and Jeffrey C 2013 India today: economy, politics and society Polity Press, Cambridge
12. de Certeau M 1984 The practice of everyday life University of California Press, Berkeley CA
13. De Soto H 2000 The mystery of capital: why capitalism triumphs in the West and fails everywhere else Basic Books, New York NY
14. Demerath P 2002 The social cost of acting ‘extra’: students' moral judgements of self, social relations, and academic success in Papua New Guinea American Journal of Education 108 196–235
15. Dyson J 2014 Working childhoods: youth, agency and the environment in india Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
16. Ernst & Young 2011 Higher education in India: vision 2030 Government of India, New Delhi
17. Gibson-Graham J K 2006 A postcapitalist politics University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis MN
18. Gough K and Langevang T 2016 Young entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa Routledge, London
19. Graeber D 2013 The democracy project: a history, a crisis, a movement Spiegel & Grau, New York
20. Harriss J 2007 Antinomies of empowerment: observations on civil society, politics and urban governance in India Economic & Political Weekly XLII 2716–24
21. Harriss-White B and Gooptu N 2001 Mapping India's world of unorganized labour Socialist Register 37 89–119
22. Hart K 1973 Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana The Journal of Modern African Studies 11 61–89
23. Harvey D 1989 From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the transformation in urban governance in late capitalism Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 71 3–17
24. Hebdige D 1979 Subculture, the meaning of style Methuen, London
25. Honwana A 2013 The time of youth: work, social change and politics in Africa Kumarian Press, Boulder CO
26. James K S 2008 Glorifying Malthus: current debate on ‘demographic dividend’ in India Economic & Political Weekly 43 63–9
27. Jauregui B 2014 Provisional agency in India: Jugaad and legitimation of corruption American Ethnologist 41 76–91
28. Jeffrey C 2010 Timepass: youth, class and the politics of waiting in India Stanford University Press, Stanford CA
29. Jeffrey C and Young S 2012 Waiting: youth, caste and politics in India Economy and Society 41 638–61
30. Jeffrey C and Young S 2014 Jugād: youth and enterprise in India Annals of the Association of American Geography 104 182–95
31. Jeffrey C, Jeffery P and Jeffery R 2008 Degrees without freedom? Education, masculinities and unemployment in north India Stanford University Press, Stanford CA
32. Jenkins R 1999 Democratic politics and economic reform in India Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
33. Jencks C and Silver N 2013 Adhocism: the case for improvisation The MIT Press, Cambridge MA
34. Jessop B 1997 The entrepreneurial city: re-imaging localities, redesigning economic governance, or restructuring capital? in Jewson N and MacGregor S eds Realising cities: new spatial divisions and social transformation Routledge, London 28–41
35. Jones J 2010 ‘Nothing is straight in Zimbabwe’: the rise of the Kukiya-kiya economy 2000–2008 Journal of Southern African Studies 36 285–99
36. Knox H, Savage M and Harvey P 2006 Social networks and the study of relations: networks as method, metaphor and form Economy and Society 35 113–40
37. Kohli A 2006 Politics of economic growth in India, 1980–2005: part II 1990s and beyond Economic and Political Weekly 41 1361–70
38. Kumar S 2012 Ethnography of youth politics: leaders, brokers and morality in a provincial university in western Uttar Pradesh History and Sociology of South Asia 6 41–70
39. Kundu A 2003 Urbanisation and urban governance: search for a perspective beyond neo-liberalism Economic and Political Weekly 38 3079–87
40. Langevang T and Gough K V 2009 Surviving through movement: the mobility of urban youth in Ghana Social & Cultural Geography 10 741–56
41. Livingstone J 2012 Improvised medicine: an African oncology ward in an emerging cancer epidemic Duke University Press, Durham NC
42. Mains D 2007 Neoliberal times: progress, boredom and shame among young men in urban Ethiopia American Ethnologist 34 659–73
43. Mankekar P 2011 Enterprise and cinema in India Mimeo
44. Mantz J 2008 Improvisational economies: coltan production in the eastern Congo Social Anthropology 16 34–50
45. Maskell P 2001 The firm in economic geography Economic Geography 77 329–44
46. Moodie M 2008 Enter microcredit: a new culture of women's empowerment in Rajasthan? American Ethnologist 35 454–65
47. Nagar R, Lawson V, McDowell L and Hanson S 2002 Locating globalization: feminist (re)readings of the subjects and spaces of globalization Economic Geography 78 257–84
48. NCEUS (National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector) 2009 Report on conditions of work and promotion of livelihoods in the unorganized sector Government of India, New Delhi
49. Newell S 2009 Godrap girls, Draou boys, and the sexual economy of the bluff in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Ethnos 74 379–402
50. NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) 2014 Employment and unemployment situation in India (July 2011–June 2012), vol. 554 of 68th round Government of India, New Delhi
51. Olds K and Thrift N 2005 Cultures on the brink: reengineering the soul of capitalism – on a global scale in Ong A and Collier S eds Global assemblages: technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems Blackwell, Malden MA 270–90
52. Palshikar S 2013 Of radical democracy and antipartyism Economic and Political Weekly 48 10–13
53. Peck J and Tickell A 2002 Neoliberalizing Space Antipode 34 380–404
54. Pine J 2012 The art of making do in Naples University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis MN
55. Radjou N, Prabhu J and Ahuja S 2012 Jugaad innovation: think frugal, be flexible, generate breakthrough growth Wiley, New York
56. Rodgers D 2009 Bismarkian transformations in contemporary Nicaragua? From gang member to drug dealer to legal entrepreneur BWPI Working Paper 82
57. Roitman J 2005 Fiscal disobedience: an anthropology of economic regulation in Central Africa Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ
58. Roy A 2011 Slumdog cities: rethinking subaltern urbanism International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35 223–38
59. Roychowdhury A, Chadrasekhar C P and Ghosh J 2006 The ‘demographic dividend’ and young India's economic future Economic & Political Weekly 41 5055–64
60. Shukla S 2013 Myopia, distortions and blind spots in the Vision Document of AAP Economic and Political Weekly 48 16–18
61. Silver J 2014 Incremental infrastructures: material improvisation and social collaboration across post-colonial Accra Urban Geography 35 788–804
62. Simone A M 2004 For the city yet to come: changing African life in four cities Duke University Press, Durham NC
63. Singer A 2014 Rebellion in Brazil: social and political complexion of the June events New Left Review 85 19–37
64. Singh R 2013 New ‘citizen's’ activism in India: moments, movements and mobilisation Heinrich Boell Foundation India, New Delhi
65. Smith D 2007 A culture of corruption: everyday deception and popular discontent in Nigeria Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ
66. Sparke M 2013 From global dispossession to local repossession: towards a worldly cultural geography of occupy activism in Johnson N, Schein R and Winders J eds The new companion to cultural geography Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford 387–408
67. Standing G 2014 The precariat: the new dangerous class Bloomsbury, London
68. Thieme T 2010 Youth, waste and work in Mathare: whose business and whose politics? Environment and Urbanization 22 333–52
69. Varma S 2014 Between 2000 and 2012, jobs grew by a mere 2% per year The Times of India 9 February (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Between-2000-and-2012-jobs-grew-by-a-mere-2-per-year/articleshow/30070158.cms) Accessed 4 October 2014
70. Venema V 2014 The Indian sanitary pad revolutionary BBC World Service 3 March 2014 (http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26260978) Accessed 4 October 2014
71. Ward C 1978 The child in the city Pantheon Books, New York NY
72. Willis P 1977 Learning to labor: how working class kids get working class jobs Columbia University Press, New York NY
73. Yeung H 2009 Transnationalizing entrepreneurship: a critical agenda for economic geography Progress in Human Geography 33 210–35
74. Young S 2010a The ‘moral hazards’ of microfinance: restructuring rural credit in India Antipode 42 201–30
75. Young S 2010b Gender, mobility and the financialisation of development Geopolitics 15 4 606–27
76. Young S and Jeffrey C 2012 Making ends meet: youth enterprise at the intersections Economic and Political Weekly 47 45–51
77. Zérah M H 2009 Participatory governance in urban management and the shifting geometry of power in Mumbai Development and Change 40 853–87