Rebellion in Brazil: Social and political complexion of the June events

New Left Review

Volumn , Issue 85, 2014, Pages 19-37

  Singer, André ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84898663876     PISSN: 00286060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Karl Marx, 'The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte', in Surveys from Exile: Political Writings, vol. 2, London and New York 2010, p. 155.
2. For an example of the first, see Armando Boito Jr., 'O impacto das manifestações de junho na política nacional', Brasil de fato, 2 August 2013;
3. for the second, Ruy Braga, 'Sob a sombre do precariado', in Ermínia Maricato et al., Cidades rebeldes, São Paulo 2013, p. 82.
4. The data I have relied on in this essay were drawn from the following four sources: (1) two surveys conducted by Datafolha in São Paulo at the demonstrations of 17 June and 20 June (766 and 551 interviews respectively, with a margin of error of 4 percentage points either way), available at www.datafolha.com.br;
5. polls from the demonstration in Rio de Janeiro on 20 June by Plus Marketing (498 interviews, margin of error 4.2 per cent); (3) a national survey conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics (ibope) during the demonstrations of 20 June (2, 002 interviews in eight cities: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Recife, Fortaleza, Salvador and Brasília; margin of error 2 per cent), available at g1.globo.com; (4) research carried out at the 22 June demonstration in Belo Horizonte by the Instituto Innovare (409 interviews of 5 minutes, margin of error 5 per cent), available at www.innovarepesquisa.com.br. My thanks to Antônio David for alerting me to the ibope poll, and to Plus Marketing and Innovare for sending me their reports.
6. The sociologists Amaury de Souza and Bolívar Lamounier argue that having only primary education is characteristic of the two sectors at the base of society, which they call the 'working class' and the 'lower class', together comprising 54 per cent of the population: A classe média brasileira, Rio de Janeiro 2010, pp. 18-19.
7. Demétrio Weber, 'Brasil tem 6, 7 milhões de universitários', O Globo, 17 October 2012.
8. De Souza and Lamounier, A classe média brasileira, p. 215.
9. This is based on converting (in minimum wages of the time) the classification in Waldir Quadros, 'Brasil: um país de classe média', Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil, 1 November 2010.
10. De Souza and Lamounier, A classe média brasileira, p. 164.
11. Movimento Passe Livre-São Paulo, 'Não começou em Salvador, não vai terminar em São Paulo', in Maricato, Cidades rebeldes, p. 13.
12. 'Pablo Ortellado: experiência do mpl é "aprendizado para o movimento autônomo não só do Brasil como do mundo"', Coletivo dar, 10 September 2013.
13. Luiz Carlos Mendonça De Barros, 'A nova clase média e o governo', Folha de São Paulo, 14 June 2013;
14. Pochmann cited in Luiz Antonio Cintra, 'Brasil, caro pra chuchu', Carta Capital, 5 June 2013.
15. 'Atos bloqueiam cinco estradas paulistas', Folha de São Paulo, 20 June 2013.
16. Ermínia Maricato, 'É a questão urbana, estúpido', in Cidades rebeldes, p. 24. !
17. For a symptomatic discussion of the importance of the internet in the June events, see the interview with Manuel Castells: 'Dilma é a primeira líder mundial a ouvir as ruas', Istoé, 28 June 2013.
18. Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy, Cambridge 2005, esp. ch. 4.
19. André Lara Resende, 'O mal-estar contemporâneo', Valor, 5 July 2013.
20. The first description is from Braga, 'Sob a sombre do precariado', the second from Marcos Coimbra, 'O sentido das manifestações', Voxpopuli.com.br, 11 July 2013.
21. Henrique Costa, 'O presente e o futuro das jornadas de junho', Carta Maior, 11 August 2013.