Vulnerabilities and countermeasures - a survey on the cyber security issues in the transmission subsystem of a smart grid

Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility

Volumn 1, Issue 2-3, 2012, Pages 251-276

  Deng, Yi ^a,b,c   Shukla, Sandeep ^a,d  

^a Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University   (United States)

^b BEIJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^c JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY   (India)

^d STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Cyber attacks; Phasor measurement unit (PMU); Power system control; Power system monitoring; Power system protection; Smart grid cyber security; Synchrophasor technology; Wide area measurement system (WAMS)

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER CRIME; CRIME; CYBER ATTACKS; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM CONTROL; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM SECURITY; ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION; ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORKS; EMBEDDED SYSTEMS; INVESTMENTS; NETWORK SECURITY; PHASE MEASUREMENT; PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNITS; SMART POWER GRIDS;

PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT; POWER GRIDS; POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION; POWER SYSTEMS CONTROL; POWER SYSTEMS MONITORING; SMART GRID; SMART GRID CYBER SECURITIES; SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY; WIDE AREA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM;

SURVEYS;

EID: 85000644762     PISSN: 22451439     EISSN: 22454578     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. J.D. Glover, M.S. Sarma, and T.J. Overbye. Power System Analysis and Design, fourth edition. Cengage Learning, 2008.
2. Department of Energy, Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution. "Grid 2030" A national vision of electricity's second 100 years. Meeting Report, 2003.
3. Department of Energy. The smart grid: An introduction. Report, 2009.
4. International Energy Agency. Technology roadmap smart grids. Report for International Energy Agency's Energy Technology Policy Division, 2011.
5. G. Locke and P.D. Gallagher. NIST framework and roadmap for smart grid interoperability standards, Release 1.0. NIST Special Publication 1108, 2010.
6. 1301 United States Congress (H.R. 6, 110th). Energy independence and security act of 2007. [Public Law No: 110-140] Title XIII, Sec. 1301.
7. Department of Energy. Communication requirements of smart grid technologies. Report, 2010.
8. A.G. Phadke. The wide world of wide-area measurement. IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, 2008.
9. D.G. Hart. Using AMI to realize the smart grid. In Proceedings of IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1-2, 2008.
10. S.M. Amin. Securing the electricity grid. The Bridge. Linking Engineering and Society, The Electricity Grid, 40(1): 13-20, Spring 2010.
11. P.D. Ray, R. Harnoor, and M. Hentea. Smart power gird security: A unified risk management approach. In Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST), pp. 276-285, 2010.
12. A.A. Cardenas, T. Roosta, and S. Sastry. Rethinking security properties, threat models and the design space in sensor networks: A case study in SCADA systems. Ad Hoc Networks, 7: 1434-1447, 2009.
13. O. Kosut, L. Jia, R.J. Thomas, and L. Tong. Malicious data attacks on the smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2(4): 645-658, 2011.
14. Y. Liu, P. Ning, and M.K. Reiter. False data injection attacks against state estimation in electric power grids. In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 21-32, 2009.
15. A.G. Phadke and J.S. Thorp. Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications. Springer, 2008.
16. A. Monticelli. State Estimation in Electric Power System: A Generalized Approach. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
17. A. Wood and B. Wollenberg. Power Generation, Operation, and Control, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, 1996.
18. A. Monticelli, F.F. Wu, and M. Yen. Multiple bad data identification for state estimation using combinatorial optimization. IEEE PAS-90, 1971.
19. H. Sandberg, A. Teixeira, and K.H. Johansson. On security indices for state estimators in power networks. In Proceedings of 1st Workshop Secure Control Systems (CPSWEEK), Stockholm, Sweden, 2010.
20. R.B. Bobba, K.M. Rogers, Q. Wang, H. Khurana, K. Nahrstedt, and T.J. Overbye. Detecting false data injection attacks on dc state estimation. In Proceedings of 1st Workshop Secure Control Systems (CPSWEEK), Stockholm, Sweden, 2010.
21. T.T. Kim and H.V. Poor. Strategic protection against data injection attacks on power grids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2(2): 326-333, 2011.
22. A. Giani, E. Bitar, M. Garcia, M. McQueen, P. Khargonekar, and K. Poolla. Smart grid data integrity attacks: Characterizations and countermeasures. In Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communication (SmartGridComm), 2011.
23. Y. Deng, H. Lin, A.G. Phadke, S. Shukla, and J.S. Thorp. Communication network modeling and simulation for wide area measurement applications. In Proceedings of 2012 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT 2012), 2012.
24. Z. Lu, X. Lu, W. Wang, and C. Wang. Review and evaluation of security threats on the communication networks in the smart grid. In Proceedings of the 2010 Military Communications Conference, 2010.
25. G. Danezis and R. Clayton. Introducing traffic analysis. In Digital Privacy: Theory, Technologies, and Practices, Chapter 5. Auerbach Publications, 2008.
26. B. Sikar and J.H. Chow. Defending synchrophasor data networks against traffic analysis attacks. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2(4): 819-826, 2011.
27. E. Litvinov, T. Zheng, G. Rosenwald, and P. Shamsollahi. Marginal loss modeling in LMP calculation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 19(2): 880-888, 2004.
28. T. Zheng and E. Livino. Ex post pricing in the co-optimized energy and reserve market. IEEE Transaction on Power System, 21(4): 1528-1538, 2006.
29. L. Jia, R.J. Thomas, and L. Tong Malicious data attack on real-time electricity market. In Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 5952-5955, 2011.
30. L. Xie, Y. Mo, and B. Sinopoli. Integrity data attacks in power market operations. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2(4): 659-666, 2011.
31. J. DeLaRee, V. Centeno, J.S. Thorp, and A.G. Phadke. Synchronized phasor measurement applications in power systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 1(1): 20-27, 2010.
32. IEEE Power Engineering Society. IEEE standard for synchrophasors for power systems, IEEE Std C37.118TM-2005. 2006.
33. Y. Deng, H. Lin, A.G. Phadke, S. Shukla, and J.S. Thorp. Networking technologies for wide-area measurement applications. In Smart Grid Communications and Networking, 2012 (to be published).
34. A.G. Phadke, J.S. Thorp, R.F. Nuqui, and M. Zhou. Recent developments in state estimation with phasor measurements In Proceedings of Power Systems Conference and Exposition, PSCE '09. IEEE/PES, 2009.
35. M. Zhou, V.A. Centeno, J.S. Thorp, and A.G. Phadke. An alternative for including phasor measurements in state estimators. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 21, 2006.
36. J. Chen and A. Abur. Improved bad data processing via strategic placement of PMUs. In Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005.
37. T.L. Baldwin, L. Mili, M.B. Boisen, and R. Adapa. Power system observability with minimal phasor measurement placement. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 8(2), 1993.
38. R.F. Nuqui and A.G. Phadke. Phasor measurement unit placement techniques for complete and incomplete observability. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 20(4): 2381-2388, 2005.
39. A. Jain and N.R. Shivakumar. Phasormeasurements in dynamic state estimation of power systems. Proceedings of TENCON 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1-6, 2008.
40. F. Pasqualetti, F. Dorfler, and F. Bullo. Cyber-physical attacks in power networks: Models, fundamental limitations and monitor design. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Orlando, 2011.
41. B.C. Barker, J.W. Betz, J.E. Clark, J.T. Correia, J.T. Gillis, S. Lazar, K.A. Rehborn, and J.R. Straton. Overview of the GPS M code signal. In Proceedings of the 2000 National Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, Anaheim, CA, 2000.
42. T.E. Humphreys, B.M. Ledvina, M.L. Psiaki, B. W. O'Hanlon, and P.M. Kintner, Jr. Assessing the spoofing threat: Development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer. In Proceedings of ION GNSS 2008, 2008.
43. K. Borre, D.M. Akos, N. Bertelsen, P. Rinder, and S.H. Jensen. A Software-Defined GPS and Galileo Receiver. Birkhauser, Boston, 2007.
44. S. Gong, Z. Zhang, H. Li, and A.D. Dimitrovski. Time stamp attack in smart grid: Physical mechanism and damage analysis. In CoRR, 2012.