A randomized trial of the effect of escitalopram versus placebo on cognitive function in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with depression

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

Volumn 1, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 133-144

  Knorr, Ulla ^a   Vinberg, Maj ^a   Gade, Anders ^b   Winkel, Per ^a   Gluud, Christian ^a   Wetterslev, Jørn ^a   Gether, Ulrik ^b   Kessing, Lars ^a  

^a Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

cognitive function; escitalopram; healthy; high risk; major depressive disorder; placebo controlled; trial

Indexed keywords

ESCITALOPRAM; PLACEBO;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; FIRST DEGREE RELATIVE; HAMILTON SCALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCORING SYSTEM;

EID: 84998085878     PISSN: 20451253     EISSN: 20451261     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2045125311422591     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Allen D Lader M Curran HV (1988) A comparative study of the interactions of alcohol with amitriptyline, fluoxetine and placebo in normal subjects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 12: 63–80.
2. Austin MP Mitchell P Goodwin GM (2001) Cognitive deficits in depression: possible implications for functional neuropathology. Br J Psychiatry 178: 200–206.
3. Bech P Andersen HF Wade A (2006) Effective dose of escitalopram in moderate versus severe DSM-IV major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 39: 128–134.
4. Bech P Kastrup M Rafaelsen OJ (1986) Mini-compendium of rating scales for states of anxiety depression mania schizophrenia with corresponding DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 326: 1–37.
5. Beck AT Ward CH Mendelson M Mock J Erbaugh J (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 4: 561–571.
6. Christensen E (2007) Methodology of superiority vs. equivalence trials and non-inferiority trials. J Hepatol 46: 947–954.
7. Christensen MV Kyvik KO Kessing LV (2006) Cognitive function in unaffected twins discordant for affective disorder. Psychol Med 36: 1119–1129.
8. Cipriani A Furukawa TA Salanti G Geddes JR Higgins JP Churchill R et al. (2009) Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 373: 746–758.
9. Drueke B Baetz J Boecker M Moeller O Hiemke C Grunder G et al. (2009) Differential effects of escitalopram on attention: a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 207: 213–223.
10. Fairweather D Pozzo C Kerr J Lafferty S Hindmarch I (1997) Citalopram compared to dothiepin and placebo: effects on cognitive function and psychomotor performance. Human Psychopharmacol 12: 119–126.
11. First MB Gibbon M Spitzer RL Williams JBW Benjamin LS (1997) The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II), American Psychiatric Press: Washington, DC.
12. Gade A Mortensen EL Bruhn P (1988) ‘Chronic painter's syndrome’. A reanalysis of psychological test data in a group of diagnosed cases, based on comparisons with matched controls. Acta Neurol Scand 77: 293–306.
13. Gotzsche PC (1996) Blinding during data analysis and writing of manuscripts. Control Clin Trials 17: 285–290.
14. Harmer CJ Goodwin GM Cowen PJ (2009a) Why do antidepressants take so long to work? A cognitive neuropsychological model of antidepressant drug action. Br J Psychiatry 195: 102–108.
15. Harmer CJ O'Sullivan U Favaron E Massey-Chase R Ayres R Reinecke A et al. (2009b) Effect of acute antidepressant administration on negative affective bias in depressed patients. Am J Psychiatry 166: 1178–1184.
16. Harmer CJ Shelley NC Cowen PJ Goodwin GM (2004) Increased positive versus negative affective perception and memory in healthy volunteers following selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Am J Psychiatry 161: 1256–1263.
17. Hasselbalch BJ Knorr U Kessing LV (2010) Cognitive impairment in the remitted state of unipolar depressive disorder: A systematic review. J Affect Disord http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ep.fjernadgang.kb.dk/pubmed?term=hasselbalch%20and%20knorr. [epub ahead of print].
18. Kessing LV (1998) Cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder. Psychol Med 28: 1027–1038.
19. Knorr U Kessing LV (2010) The effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in healthy subjects. A systematic review. Nord J Psychiatry 64: 153–163.
20. Knorr U Vinberg M Hansen A Klose M Feldt-Rasmussen U Hasselstrom J et al. (2011) Escitalopram and neuroendocrine response in healthy first-degree relatives to depressed patients; a randomized blinded trial. Unpublished Work.
21. Knorr U Vinberg M Klose M Feldt-Rasmussen U Hilsted L Gade A et al. (2009) Rationale and design of the participant, investigator, observer, and data-analyst-blinded randomized AGENDA trial on associations between gene-polymorphisms, endophenotypes for depression and antidepressive intervention: the effect of escitalopram versus placebo on the combined dexamethasone-corticotrophine releasing hormone test and other potential endophenotypes in healthy first-degree relatives of persons with depression. Trials 10: 66–66.
22. Knutson B Cole S Wolkowitz O Reus V Chan T Moore E (1997) Serotonergic intervention increases affiliative behavior in humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 807: 492–493.
23. Knutson B Wolkowitz OM Cole SW Chan T Moore EA Johnson RC et al. (1998) Selective alteration of personality and social behavior by serotonergic intervention. Am J Psychiatry 155: 373–379.
24. Lindstrom E Lewander T Malm U Malt UF Lublin H Ahlfors UG (2001) Patient-rated versus clinician-rated side effects of drug treatment in schizophrenia. Clinical validation of a self-rating version of the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU-SERS-Pat). Nord J Psychiatry 55(Suppl. 44): 5–69.
25. Loubinoux I Tombari D Pariente J Gerdelat-Mas A Franceries X Cassol E et al. (2005) Modulation of behavior and cortical motor activity in healthy subjects by a chronic administration of a serotonin enhancer. Neuroimage 27: 299–313.
26. Mannie ZN Barnes J Bristow GC Harmer CJ Cowen PJ (2009) Memory impairment in young women at increased risk of depression: influence of cortisol and 5-HTT genotype. Psychol Med 39: 757–762.
27. Miskowiak K Papadatou-Pastou M Cowen PJ Goodwin GM Norbury R Harmer CJ (2007) Single dose antidepressant administration modulates the neural processing of self-referent personality trait words. Neuroimage 37: 904–911.
28. Murphy SE Yiend J Lester KJ Cowen PJ Harmer CJ (2008) Short-term serotonergic but not noradrenergic antidepressant administration reduces attentional vigilance to threat in healthy volunteers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12: 169–179.
29. Nelson HE O'Connell A (1978) Dementia: the estimation of premorbid intelligence levels using the New Adult Reading Test. Cortex 14: 234–244.
30. Paul MA Gray G Lange M (2002) The impact of sertraline on psychomotor performance. Aviat Space Environ Med 73: 964–970.
31. Paul MA Gray GW Love RJ Lange M (2007) SSRI effects on pyschomotor performance: assessment of citalopram and escitalopram on normal subjects. Aviat Space Environ Med 78: 693–697.
32. Peran P Demonet JF Cardebat D (2008) Paroxetine-induced modulation of cortical activity supporting language representations of action. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 195: 487–496.
33. Ramaekers JG Muntjewerff ND O'Hanlon JF (1995) A comparative study of acute and subchronic effects of dothiepin, fluoxetine and placebo on psychomotor and actual driving performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 39: 397–404.
34. Ravnkilde B Videbech P Clemmensen K Egander A Rasmussen NA Rosenberg R (2002) Cognitive deficits in major depression. Scand J Psychol 43: 239–251.
35. Riedel WJ Eikmans K Heldens A Schmitt JA (2005) Specific serotonergic reuptake inhibition impairs vigilance performance acutely and after subchronic treatment. J Psychopharmacol 19: 12–20.
36. Robbe HW O'Hanlon JF (1995) Acute and subchronic effects of paroxetine 20 and 40 mg on actual driving, psychomotor performance and subjective assessments in healthy volunteers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 5: 35–42.
37. Roth M Tym E Mountjoy CQ Huppert FA Hendrie H Verma S et al. (1986) CAMDEX. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 149: 698–709.
38. Schmitt JA Kruizinga MJ Riedel WJ (2001) Non-serotonergic pharmacological profiles and associated cognitive effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Psychopharmacol 15: 173–179.
39. Schmitt JA Ramaekers JG Kruizinga MJ van Boxtel MP Vuurman EF Riedel WJ (2002a) Additional dopamine reuptake inhibition attenuates vigilance impairment induced by serotonin reuptake inhibition in man. J Psychopharmacol 16: 207–214.
40. Schmitt JA Riedel WJ Vuurman EF Kruizinga M Ramaekers JG (2002b) Modulation of the critical flicker fusion effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors by concomitant pupillary changes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 160: 381–386.
41. Siepmann M Grossmann J Muck-Weymann M Kirch W (2003) Effects of sertraline on autonomic and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 168: 293–298.
42. Sierksma AS van den Hove DL Steinbusch HW Prickaerts J (2009) Major depression, cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease: Is there a link? Eur J Pharmacol 626: 72–82.
43. Sogaard B Mengel H Rao N Larsen F (2005) The pharmacokinetics of escitalopram after oral and intravenous administration of single and multiple doses to healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 45: 1400–1406.
44. Strauss E Sherman EMS Spreen O (2006) A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary, Oxford University Press: New York.
45. Turner EH Matthews AM Linardatos E Tell RA Rosenthal R (2008) Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. N Engl J Med 358: 252–260.
46. Vickers AJ Altman DG (2001) Statistics notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements. BMJ 323: 1123–1124.
47. Waldemar G Bruhn P Kristensen M Johnsen A Paulson OB Lassen NA (1994) Heterogeneity of neocortical cerebral blood flow deficits in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a [99mTc]-d, l-HMPAO SPECT study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57: 285–295.
48. Wilson SJ Bailey JE Alford C Weinstein A Nutt DJ (2002) Effects of 5 weeks of administration of fluoxetine and dothiepin in normal volunteers on sleep, daytime sedation, psychomotor performance and mood. J Psychopharmacol 16: 321–331.
49. Wing JK Babor T Brugha T Burke J Cooper JE Giel R et al. (1990) SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 589–593.
50. Wingen M Bothmer J Langer S Ramaekers JG (2005) Actual driving performance and psychomotor function in healthy subjects after acute and subchronic treatment with escitalopram, mirtazapine, and placebo: a crossover trial. J Clin Psychiatry 66: 436–443.
51. Wingen M Langer S Ramaekers JG (2006) Verbal memory performance during subchronic challenge with a selective serotonergic and a mixed action antidepressant. Hum Psychopharmacol 21: 473–479.