Statin therapy: Review of safety and potential side effects

Acta Cardiologica Sinica

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 631-639

  Ramkumar, Satish ^a   Raghunath, Ajay ^a   Raghunath, Sudhakshini ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Dyslipidemia; Hypercholesterolemia; Statin

Indexed keywords

AMINOTRANSFERASE; ATORVASTATIN; CARBAMAZEPINE; CYTOCHROME P450; FLUINDOSTATIN; GEMFIBROZIL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PITAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ALCOHOL ABUSE; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETOGENESIS; DRUG SAFETY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; KIDNEY ISCHEMIA; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; LIVER TUMOR; MEDICAL PROCEDURES; MYALGIA; MYOPATHY; MYOSITIS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; POLYPHARMACY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; STATIN THERAPY;

EID: 84997770348     PISSN: 10116842     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.6515/ACS20160611A     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Saku K, Zhang B, Noda K. Randomized head-to-head comparison of pitavastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin for safety and efficacy (quantity and quality of LDL)-The PATROL trial. Circ J 2011; 75(6):1493-505.
2. Taylor F, Huffman MD, Macedo AF, et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1(1).
3. Huang WC, Lin TW, Chiou KR, et al. The effect of intensified low density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction on recurrent myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Acta Cardiol Sin 2013;29(5):404-12.
4. Odden MC, Pletcher MJ, Coxson PG, et al. Cost-effectiveness and population impact of statins for primary prevention in adults aged 75 years or older in the United States; statins for primary prevention in U.S. adults aged 75 years or older. Ann Intern Med 2015;162(8):533-41.
5. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a metaanalysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010;376(9753):1670-81.
6. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S1-45.
7. Developed with the special contribution of: European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, Authors/ Task Force Members, Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, et al. ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2011;32(14):1769-818.
8. Logue J, AL-Ghibiwi H, Alamri AA, Preiss D. Systematic review of studies exploring reasons for statin non-adherence and of randomised controlled trials of interventions to improve adherence. Atherosclerosis 2015;241(1):e52.
9. Sasaki J, Ikeda Y, Kuribayashi T, et al. A 52-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison of the tolerability and effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and glucose metabolism in Japanese patients with elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose intolerance. Clin Ther 2008;30(6):1089-101.
10. Yokote K, Bujo H, Hanaoka H, et al. Multicenter collaborative randomized parallel group comparative study of pitavastatin and atorvastatin in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients: collaborative study on hypercholesterolemia drug intervention and their benefits for atherosclerosis prevention (CHIBA study). Atherosclerosis 2008;201(2):345-52.
11. Yokote K, Shimano H, Urashima M, Teramoto T. Efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia: LIVES study and subanalysis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2011;9(5):555-62.
12. Pedro-Botet J, Núñez-Cortés JM, Flores JA, Rius J. Muscle symptoms related with statin therapy in general practice. Atherosclerosis 241(1):e197.
13. Khan A, Maki KC, Ito MK, et al. Statin associated muscle symptoms: characteristics of patients and recommendations by providers. J Clin Lipidol 2015;9(3):460.
14. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360(9326):7-22.
15. Bitzur R, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Harats D. Intolerance to statins: mechanisms and management. Diabetes Care 2013;36(Supplement 2):S325-30.
16. Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Corsini A, et al. Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy—European Atherosclerosis Society consensus panel statement on assessment, aetiology and management. Eur Heart J 2015;36(17):1012-22.
17. García-Rodríguez LA, Massó-González EL, Wallander MA, Johansson S. The safety of rosuvastatin in comparison with other statins in over 100,000 statin users in UK primary care. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17(10):943-52.
18. Clark D, Brennan D, Rocco M, et al. Clinical characteristics associated with complete statin intolerance: the Cleveland clinic experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67(13_S):1895.
19. Fung EC, Crook MA. Statin myopathy: a lipid clinic experience on the tolerability of statin rechallenge. Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 30(5):e212-8.
20. Buettner C, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Mittleman MA. COQ10 does not improve statin myalgia–a randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2015;241(1):e206.
21. Russo MW, Hoofnagle JH, Gu J, et al. Spectrum of statin hepatotoxicity: experience of the drug-induced liver injury network. Hepatol Baltim Md 2014;60(2):679-86.
22. Kashani A, Phillips CO, Foody JM, et al. Risks associated with statin therapy: a systematic overview of randomized clinical trials. Circulation 2006;114(25):2788-97.
23. Bang CN, Okin PM. Statin treatment, new-onset diabetes, and other adverse effects: a systematic review. Curr Cardiol Rep 2014;16(3):461.
24. Cederberg H, Stančáková A, Yaluri N, et al. Increased risk of diabetes with statin treatment is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion: a 6 year follow-up study of the METSIM cohort. Diabetologia 2015;58(5):1109-17.
25. Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM, et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet 2010;375(9716):735-42.
26. Preiss D, Seshasai SRK, Welsh P, et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2011;305(24):2556-64.
27. Navarese EP, Buffon A, Andreotti F, et al. Meta-analysis of impact of different types and doses of statins on new-onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 111(8):1123-30.
28. Hyun M, Choi BG, Seo HS, et al. Risk of increased insulin resistance with statin therapy for non-dyslipidemic asians. Atherosclerosis 2015;241(1):e196-7.
29. Castro MR, Simon G, Cha SS, et al. Statin use, diabetes incidence and overall mortality in normoglycemic and impaired fasting glucose patients. J Gen Intern Med 2016;31(5):502-8.
30. Brown WV. Safety of statins. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008;19(6):558-62.
31. Sandhu S, Wiebe N, Fried LF, Tonelli M. Statins for improving renal outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17(7).
32. Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Caiazza A, Campese VM. A controlled, prospective study of the effects of atorvastatin on proteinuria and progression of kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;41(3):565-70.
33. Atthobari J, Brantsma AH, Gansevoort RT, et al. The effect of statins on urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate: results fromboth a randomized clinical trial and an observational cohort study. Eur Ren Assoc 2006;21(11):3106-14.
34. Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Tonelli M, et al. Effects of add-on fluvastatin therapy in patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathy on dual renin-angiotensin system blockade: the ESPLANADE trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;5(11):1928-38.
35. de Zeeuw D, Anzalone DA, Cain VA, et al. Renal effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients with diabetes who have progressive renal disease (PLANET I): a randomised clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015;3(3):181-90.
36. Bangalore S, Fayyad R, Hovingh GK, et al. Statin and the risk of renal-related serious adverse events: analysis from the IDEAL, TNT, CARDS, ASPEN, SPARCL, and other placebo-controlled trials. Am J Cardiol 2014;113(12):2018-20.
37. Dormuth CR, Hemmelgarn BR, Paterson JM, et al. Use of high potency statins and rates of admission for acute kidney injury: multicenter, retrospective observational analysis of administrative databases. BMJ 2013;346:f880.
38. Wanner C, Krane V, Marz W, et al. Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2005;353(3):238-48.
39. Fellstrom BC, Jardine AG, Schmieder RE, et al. Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl JMed 2009;360(14):1395-407.
40. Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2011;377(9784): 2181-92.
41. Baigent C, Landray M, Leaper C, et al. First United Kingdom heart and renal protection (UK-HARP-I) study: biochemical efficacy and safety of simvastatin and safety of low-dose aspirin in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found 2005; 45(3):473-84.
42. McGlynn KA, Hagberg K, Chen J, et al. Statin use and risk for primary liver cancer in the clinical practice research datalink. J Natl Cancer Inst [Internet] 2015;107(4).
43. Ford I, Murray H, Packard CJ, et al. Long-term follow-up of the West of Scotland coronary prevention study. N Engl JMed 2007; 357(15):1477-86.
44. Pradelli D, Soranna D, Zambon A, et al. Statins use and the risk of all and subtype hematological malignancies: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Med 2015;4(5):770-80.
45. Wang A, Aragaki AK, Tang JY, et al. Statin use and all-cancer mortality: prospective results from the Women’s health initiative. Br J Cancer 2016;115(1):129-35.
46. Gaist D, Jeppesen U, Andersen M, et al. Statins and risk of polyneuropathy: a case-control study. Neurology 2002;58(9): 1333-7.
47. Yang CC, Jick SS, Jick H. Lipid-lowering drugs and the risk of depression and suicidal behavior. Arch Intern Med 2003;163(16): 1926-32.
48. Jhuo SJ, Tsai WC, Lin TH, et al. Statin dose and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a population-based longitudinal study in Taiwan. Acta Cardiol Sin 2016;32(1):23-30.
49. Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ, et al. Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med 2015;30(3):348-58.
50. Saad N, Camus P, Suissa S, Ernst P. Statins and the risk of interstitial lung disease: a cohort study. Thorax 2013;68(4):361-4.