A state-of-the-art review and feasibility analysis of high altitude wind power in Northern Ireland

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Volumn 68, Issue , 2017, Pages 899-911

  Lunney, E ^a   Ban, M ^b   Duic, N ^b   Foley, A ^a  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Atmospheric boundary layer; Geographical information systems; High altitude; Wind power

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER; BUDGET CONTROL; ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; TURBOMACHINE BLADES; WIND TURBINES;

ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS; GENERATION MIX; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; HIGH ALTITUDE; HIGH ALTITUDE WIND POWER; HIGH ALTITUDE WINDS; NORTHERN IRELAND; STATE-OF-THE ART REVIEWS;

WIND POWER;

EID: 84996836561     PISSN: 13640321     EISSN: 18790690     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.014     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. [1] Bechrakis, D.A., Sparis, P.D., Simulation of the wind speed at different heights using artificial neutral networks. Wind Eng 24:2 (2000), 127–136.
2. [2] Li, Q.S., Zhi, L., Hu, F., Boundary layer wind structure from observations on a 325 m tower. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 98 (2010), 818–832.
3. [3] Tieleman, H.W., Strong wind observations in the atmospheric surface layer. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 96 (2008), 41–77.
4. [4] Arya, P., Introduction to micrometeorology. 2nd ed., 1988, Academic Press.
5. [5] Archer, C.L., Caldeira, K., Global assessment of high-altitude wind power. ISSN 1996–1073 Energies 2 (2009), 307–319.
6. [6] Roberts, B.W., Shepard, D.H., Caldeira, K., Cannon, M.E., Eccles, D.G., Grenier, A.J., Freidin, J.F., Harnessing high-altitude wind power. IEEE Trans Energy Convers, 22(1), 2007.
7. [7] Archer, C.L., Delle Monache, L., Rife, D.L., Airborne wind energy: optimal locations and variability. Renew Energy 64 (2014), 180–186.
8. [8] Loyd, M.L., Crosswind kite power. J Energy IV:3 (1980), 106–111.
9. [9] Gillis J, Goos J, Geebelen K, Swevers J, Diehl M. Optimal periodic control of power harvesting tethered airplanes: how to fly fast without wind and without propellor? In: Proceedings of the American control conference; 2012. p. 2527–32.
10. [10] Argatov, I., Rautakorpi, P., Silvennoinen, R., Estimation of the mechanical energy output of the kite wind generator. Renew Energy 34 (2009), 1525–1532.
11. [11] Williams, P., Lansdorp, B., Ockels, W., Optimal cross-wind towing and power generation wtih tethered kites. 2007, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc.
12. [12] Ahrens, U., Diehl, M., Schmehl, R., Airbourne wind energy. 2013, Springer, Dordrecht.
13. [13] Power Ampyx, Ampyx Power, Airborne wind energy, Available at: 〈http://www.ampyxpower.com/OurTechnology.html〉 [accessed 31.10.14].
14. [14] Lansdorp B, Ockels WJ. Comparison of concepts for high-altitude wind energy generation with ground based generator. In: Proceedings of the 2nd China international renewable energy equipment & technology exhibition and conference. Beijing; 2005.
15. [15] Zanon, M., Gros, S., Andersson, J., Diehl, M., Airbourne wind energy based on dual airfoils. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol, 2012.
16. [16] Ockels, W.J., Laddermill, a novel concept to exploit the energy in the airspace. Aircr Des 4 (2001), 81–97.
17. [17] Payne PR, McCutcheon C. Self-erecting windmill. USA Patent 3,987,987; 26 October 1976.
18. [18] Roberts, B.W., Shepard, D.H., Caldeira, K., Cannon, M.E., Eccles, D.G., Grenier, A.J., Freidin, J.F., Harnessing high-altitude wind power. IEEE Trans Energy Convers, 22, 2007, 1.
19. [19] Colozza, A., Dolce, J.L., High-altitude, long-endurance airships for coastal surveillance. 2005, NASA, Glenn Research Center.
20. [20] Adhikari, J., Panda, S.K., Rathore, A.K., Harnessing high altitude wind power using light gas filled blimp. 2013, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore.
21. [21] Vermillion C, Grunnagle T, Kolmanovsky I. Modeling and control design for a prototype lighter-than-air wind energy system. In: Proceedings of the American control conference. Montreal, Canada; 2012.
22. [22] Perkovic, L., Silva, P., Ban, M., Kranjcevic, N., Duic, N., Harvesting high altitude wind energy for power production: the concept based on Magnus’ effect. Appl Energy 101 (2012), 151–160.
23. [23] Verheul RF, Breukels J, Ockels WJ. Material selection and joining methods for the purpose of a high-altitude inflatable kite. In: Proceedings of the structures, structural dynamics, and materials conference. Palm Springs, California; 2009.
24. [24] Doyle Sailmakers, Dacron. Available at: 〈http://www.doylesails.com/design/fabric.html〉 [accessed 05.11.14].
25. [25] P.P.G. Ideascapes, Glass Education Center, Glass Topics, Available at: 〈http://educationcenter.ppg.com/glasstopics/how_lowe_works.aspx〉 [accessed 05.11.14].
26. [26] Dyneema, Dyneema Fiber. Available at: 〈http://www.dyneema.com/americas/product-technologies/fiber.aspx〉 [accessed 04.11.14].
27. [27] Vectran Liquid Crystal Polymer Fibre, About Vectran, Penvision Internet Marketing [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.vectranfiber.com/〉 [accessed 04.11.14].
28. [28] Nanocyl. The carbon nanotube specialist, Carbon Nanotubes [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.nanocyl.com/jp/CNT-Expertise-Centre/Carbon-Nanotubes〉 [accessed 04.11.14].
29. [29] Canale, M., Fagiano, L., Milanese, M., High altitude wind energy generation using controlled power kites. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 18:2 (2010), 279–293.
30. [30] Lansdorp B, Ruiterkamp R, Ockels W. Towards flight testing of remotely controlled sufkites for wind energy generation. In: Proceedings of the AIAA modelling and simulation technologies conference. Hilton Head, South Carolina, USA; 2007.
31. [31] Pavkovic, D., Hoic, M., Deur, J., Petric, J., Energy storage systems sizing study for a high-altitude wind energy application. Energy, 2014, 1–13.
32. [32] Bronstein, M.G., Harnessing rivers of wind: a technology and policy assessment of high altitude wind power in the U.S. Technol Forecast Soc Change, 2010, 736–746.
33. [33] Sky WindPower, Flying Electric Generators. Available at: 〈http://www.skywindpower.com/ww/page003.htm〉 [accessed 05.11.14].
34. [34] Ji, Y., He, J., Analysis on lightning triggering possibility along transmission tethers of high altitude wind energy exploitation system. Electr Power Syst Res, 2012, 16–23.
35. [35] Sky Sails. Power, wind power – next level. Available at: 〈http://www.skysails.info/fileadmin/user_upload/Power/Presse/EN_SkySails_Power_Wind_Power_Next_Level.pdf〉 [accessed 05.11.14].
36. [36] Kim, J., Park, C., Wind power generation with a parawing on ships, a proposal. Energy, 2009, 1425–1432.
37. [37] Earth System Research Laboratory. The Physical Sciences Division. Available at: 〈www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/〉 [accessed November 2014].
38. [38] Kanamitsu, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Woollen, J., Yang, S., Hnilo, J., Fiorino, M., Potter, G., NCEP-DoE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). 2002, American Meteorological Society, 1631–1643.
39. [39] Makani. The Technology, Google. Available at: 〈http://www.google.com/makani/technology/〉 [accessed 04.11.14].
40. [40] Sky WindPower, Swp Technology. Available at: 〈http://www.skywindpower.com/technology.htm?_p=Y〉 [accessed 04.11.14].
41. [41] Civil Aviation Authority, Air Navigation: The Order and Regulations, CAP 393. 2015, The Stationery Office (TSO), Norwich.
42. [42] Secretary of State for Transport. The rules of the air regulations 2007. Available at: 〈http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/734/pdfs/uksi_20070734_en.pdf〉. [accessed 07.03.07].
43. [43] International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). Aerodrome standards, July 1999. Available at: 〈http://www.icao.int/safety/Implementation/Library/Manual%20Aerodrome%20Stds.pdf〉 [accessed 03.03.15].
44. [44] Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland (OSNI). OSNI Mapping, NI Direct Government Services. Available at: 〈http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/ordnance-survey-of-northern-ireland〉; 2014 [accessed February 2015].
45. [45] National Air Traffic Services (NATZ). Chart of United Kingdom's airspace restrictions and hazardous areas. Available at: 〈http://www.mantma.co.uk/pdf/eg_enr_6_5_1_1_en.pdf〉; 2012 [accessed March 2015].
46. [46] Bailey L. Google Earth 3D Airspace [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.lloydbailey.net/airspace.html〉. [accessed 06.02.15].
47. [47] Department of the Environment. Download datasets, Northern Ireland Environment Agency. Available at: 〈http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/land-home/digital-intro/download_page.htm〉 [accessed 03.03.15].
48. [48] ESRi, ArcGIS Features. Available at: 〈http://www.arcgis.com/features/features.html〉; 2015 [accessed 15.02.15].
49. [49] Fagiano L, Milanese M, Piga D. High altitude wind power generation for renewable energy cheaper than oil.
50. [50] Heilmann, J., The technical and economic potential of airborne wind energy. 2012, Utrecht University.
51. [51] Poore, R., Alternative design study report: WindPACT advanced wind turbine drive train designs study. 2002, Global Energy Concepts, Washington.
52. [52] Fingersh, L., Hand, M., Laxson, A., Wind turbine design cost and scaling model. 2006, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado.
53. [53] European Wind Energy Association. The economics of wind energy. Available at: 〈http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/reports/Economics_of_Wind_Energy.pdf〉; March 2009 [accessed 08.02.15].
54. [54] Holt, T., Mesoscale forcing of a boundary layer jet along the California coast. J Geophys Res 101 (1996), 4235–4254.
55. [55] Local Government Association and The Energy Saving Trust. How much do wind turbines cost and where can I get funding? Available at: 〈http://www.local.gov.uk/home/-/journal_content/56/10180/3510194/ARTICLE〉; 2009 [accessed 11.02.15].
56. [56] National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Cost of wind energy review. Available at: 〈http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56266.pdf〉; March 2013 [accessed 12.03.15].
57. [57] U.K. Parliament. Technology readiness levels. [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmsctech/619/61913.htm〉; February 2011 [accessed 04.11.14].
58. [58] KiteGen, KiteGen STEM. [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.kitegen.com/en/products/stem/〉; August 2009 [accessed 04.11.14].
59. [59] Altaeros Energies, Technology, BAT [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.altaerosenergies.com/bat.html〉 [accessed 04.11.14].
60. [60] Magenn, Magenn Air Rotor System (MARS) [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.nampet.org/phase1/resources/mars.html〉 [accessed 04.11.14].
61. [61] Ippolito M. Vertical axis wind turbine with control system steering kites. Italy Patent EP 1 672 214 B1; 21st June 2006.
62. [62] Lind D. Kite ground station and system using same. USA Patent US 20130221679 A1; 29th August 2013.
63. [63] Glass B. Lighter-than-air craft for energy-producing turbines. USA Patent US 20120319407 A1; 30th December 2012.
64. [64] Ferguson F. Systems and methods for tethered wind turbines. Canada Patent Ca 2607103 A1; 9th November 2006.
65. [65] Ban, M., Perkovic, L., Duic, N., Penedo, R., Estimating the spatial distribution of high altitude wind energy potential in southeast Europe. Energy, 2013, 24–29.
66. [66] Northern Ireland Electricity Ltd. and the Systems Operator for Northern Ireland Ltd. Renewables integration status report [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.nie.co.uk/documents/Generation/01-Mapping-Tool-User-Guide-Main-Areas-(1).aspx〉; November 2014 [accessed 01.02.15].
67. [67] Northern Ireland Electricity Ltd. 11 kV Network heat map [Online]. Available at: 〈http://www.nie.co.uk/Connections/Generation-connections/Small-scale-generation/11kV-Network-Heat-Map〉; 2015 [accessed 02.02.15].