Effects of a randomized gratitude intervention on death-related fear of recurrence in breast cancer survivors

Health Psychology

Volumn 35, Issue 12, 2016, Pages 1320-1328

  Otto, Amy K ^a   Szczesny, Elana C ^a,c   Soriano, Emily C ^a   Laurenceau, Jean Philippe ^a   Siegel, Scott D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b HELEN F GRAHAM CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^c Corporal Michael J Crescenz VAMC ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Fear of cancer recurrence; Goal pursuit; Gratitude

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BREAST CANCER; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURVIVOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH RELATED FEAR OF RECURRENCE; EARLY CANCER; FEAR OF RECURRENCE; GRATITUDE INTERVENTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; ONLINE SYSTEM; POSITIVE AFFECT; RISK ASSESSMENT; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DEATH; FEAR; FEMALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SURVIVOR; TUMOR RECURRENCE;

AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DEATH; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; SURVIVORS;

EID: 84996629748     PISSN: 02786133     EISSN: 19307810     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/hea0000400     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Belcher, A. J., Laurenceau, J.-P., Graber, E. C., Cohen, L. H., Dasch, K. B., & Siegel, S. D. (2011). Daily support in couples coping with early stage breast cancer: Maintaining intimacy during adversity. Health Psychology, 30, 665-673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024705
2. Bolger, N., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2013). Intensive longitudinal methods: An introduction to diary and experience sampling research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
3. Brewster, A. M., Hortobagyi, G. N., Broglio, K. R., Kau, S. W., Santa-Maria, C. A., Arun, B., Esteva, F. J. (2008). Residual risk of breast cancer recurrence 5 years after adjuvant therapy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 100, 1179-1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn233
4. Butow, P. N., Bell, M. L., Smith, A. B., Fardell, J. E., Thewes, B., Turner, J., the Members of the Conquer Fear Authorship Group. (2013). Conquer fear: Protocol of a randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention to reduce fear of cancer recurrence. BMC Cancer, 13, 201-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-201
5. Dasch, K. B., Cohen, L. H., Belcher, A., Laurenceau, J.-P., Kendall, J., Siegel, S., Graber, E. (2010). Affective differentiation in breast cancer patients. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 441-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-010-9274-8
6. Deimling, G. T., Bowman, K. F., Sterns, S., Wagner, L. J., & Kahana, B. (2006). Cancer-related health worries and psychological distress among older adult, long-term cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 15, 306-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.955
7. Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1105-1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105
8. Dodds, S. E., Pace, T. W. W., Bell, M. L., Fiero, M., Negi, L. T., Raison, C. L., & Weihs, K. L. (2015). Feasibility of Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT) for breast cancer survivors: A randomized, wait list controlled pilot study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23, 3599-3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2888-1
9. Emmons, R. A. (2003). Personal goals, life meaning, and virtue: Wellsprings of a positive life. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 105-128). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10594-005
10. Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective wellbeing in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
11. Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
12. Enders, C. K. (2011). Missing not at random models for latent growth curve analyses. Psychological Methods, 16, 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022640
13. Feingold, A. (2009). Effect sizes for growth-modeling analysis for controlled clinical trials in the same metric as for classical analysis. Psychological Methods, 14, 43-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014699
14. Feldman, D. B., & Snyder, C. R. (2005). Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal-directed thinking and life meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 401-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.24.3.401.65616
15. Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
16. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
17. Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 144-166). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195150100.003.0008
18. Fredrickson, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 191-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 026999398379718
19. Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 237-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010796329158
20. Hayes, A. M., Laurenceau, J.-P., & Cardaciotto, L. (2007). Methods for capturing the process of change in psychotherapy clinical trials. In A. M. Nezu & C. M. Nezu (Eds.), Evidence-based outcome research: A practical guide to conducting randomized clinical trials for psychosocial interventions (pp. 335-358). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195304633.003.0016
21. Herschbach, P., Book, K., Dinkel, A., Berg, P., Waadt, S., Duran, G., Henrich, G. (2010). Evaluation of two group therapies to reduce fear of progression in cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 18, 471-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-009-0696-1
22. Hodges, L. J., & Humphris, G. M. (2009). Fear of recurrence and psychological distress in head and neck cancer patients and their carers. Psycho-Oncology, 18, 841-848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.1346
23. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/10705519909540118
24. Humphris, G., & Ozakinci, G. (2008). The AFTER intervention: A structured psychological approach to reduce fears of recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer. British Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 223-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910708X283751
25. James, L. R., Mulaik, S. A., & Brett, J. M. (2006). A tale of two methods. Organizational Research Methods, 9, 233-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428105285144
26. Kazdin, A. E. (2007). Mediators and mechanisms of change in psychotherapy research. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 1-27. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432
27. Lau, R. W., & Cheng, S. T. (2012-2013). Gratitude orientation reduces death anxiety but not positive and negative affect. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 66, 79-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/OM.66.1.e
28. Lebel, S., Maheu, C., Lefebvre, M., Secord, S., Courbasson, C., Singh, M., Catton, P. (2014). Addressing fear of cancer recurrence among women with cancer: A feasibility and preliminary outcome study. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 8, 485-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s11764-014-0357-3
29. Lebel, S., Tomei, C., Feldstain, A., Beattie, S., & McCallum, M. (2013). Does fear of cancer recurrence predict cancer survivors' health care use? Supportive Care in Cancer, 21, 901-906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00520-012-1685-3
30. Lengacher, C. A., Johnson-Mallard, V., Post-White, J., Moscoso, M. S., Jacobsen, P. B., Klein, T. W., Kip, K. E. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 18, 1261-1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.1529
31. Lengacher, C. A., Shelton, M. M., Reich, R. R., Barta, M. K., Johnson-Mallard, V., Moscoso, M. S., Kip, K. E. (2014). Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR(BC) in breast cancer: Evaluating fear of recurrence (FOR) as a mediator of psychological and physical symptoms in a randomized control trial (RCT). Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 185-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9473-6
32. Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J. K., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way: An experimental longitudinal intervention to boost well-being. Emotion, 11, 391-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022575
33. Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111-131.
34. MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 593-614. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542
35. Mehnert, A., Berg, P., Henrich, G., & Herschbach, P. (2009). Fear of cancer progression and cancer-related intrusive cognitions in breast cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 18, 1273-1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.1481
36. Mellon, S., Kershaw, T. S., Northouse, L. L., & Freeman-Gibb, L. (2007). A family-based model to predict fear of recurrence for cancer survivors and their caregivers. Psycho-Oncology, 16, 214-223. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/pon.1074
37. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus User's Guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
38. Otto, A. K., Laurenceau, J.-P., Siegel, S. D., & Belcher, A. J. (2015). Capitalizing on everyday positive events uniquely predicts daily intimacy and well-being in couples coping with breast cancer. Journal of Family Psychology, 29, 69-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000042
39. Pasipanodya, E. C., Parrish, B. P., Laurenceau, J.-P., Cohen, L. H., Siegel, S. D., Graber, E. C., & Belcher, A. J. (2012). Social constraints on disclosure predict daily well-being in couples coping with early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 661-667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028655
40. Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 149-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228938
41. Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2011). Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychological Methods, 16, 93-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022658
42. Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., & Solomon, S. (1997). Why do we need what we need? A terror management perspective on the roots of human social motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0801_1
43. Roberts, R. C. (2004). The blessings of gratitude. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 58-78). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ acprof:oso/9780195150100.003.0004
44. Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 61, 774-788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.8.774
45. Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
46. Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., Smith, K., & Share, T. (2002). Personal goals and psychological growth: Testing an intervention to enhance goal attainment and personality integration. Journal of Personality, 70, 5-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00176
47. Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 73-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676
48. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
49. Simard, S., Savard, J., & Ivers, H. (2010). Fear of cancer recurrence: Specific profiles and nature of intrusive thoughts. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 4, 361-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11764-010-0136-8
50. Simard, S., Thewes, B., Humphris, G., Dixon, M., Hayden, C., Mireskandari, S., & Ozakinci, G. (2013). Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 7, 300-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11764-013-0272-z
51. Stein, N., Folkman, S., Trabasso, T., & Richards, T. A. (1997). Appraisal and goal processes as predictors of psychological well-being in bereaved caregivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 872-884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.872
52. Strube, M. J. (1991). Small sample failure of random assignment: A further examination. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 346-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.2.346
53. Tang, P. L., Chiou, C. P., Lin, H. S., Wang, C., & Liand, S. L. (2011). Correlates of death anxiety among Taiwanese cancer patients. Cancer Nursing, 34, 286-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0b013e31820254c6
54. van den Beuken-van Everdingen, M. H. J., Peters, M. L., de Rijke, J. M., Schouten, H. C., van Kleef, M., & Patijn, J. (2008). Concerns of former breast cancer patients about disease recurrence: A validation and prevalence study. Psycho-Oncology, 17, 1137-1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.1340
55. van de Wal, M. A., Gielissen, M. F. M., Servaes, P., Knoop, H., Speckens, A. E. M., & Prins, J. B. (2015). Study protocol of the SWORD-study: A randomised controlled trial comparing combined online and face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual in managing fear of cancer recurrence. BMC Psychology, 3, 12-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-015-0068-1
56. Vickberg, S. M. (2003). The Concerns About Recurrence Scale (CARS): A systematic measure of women's fears about the possibility of breast cancer recurrence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 25, 16-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2501_03
57. Walton, G. M. (2014). The new science of wise psychological interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 73-82. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721413512856
58. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
59. Wong, P. T. P. (2008). Meaning management theory and death acceptance. In A. Tomer, E. Grafton, & P. T. P. Wong (Eds.), Existential and spiritual issues in death attitudes (pp. 65-87). New York, NY: Erlbaum.
60. Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Gillett, R., Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2008). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 854-871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.11.003