Urban air quality in a mid-size city — PM2.5 composition, sources and identification of impact areas: From local to long range contributions

Atmospheric Research

Volumn 186, Issue , 2017, Pages 51-62

  Squizzato, Stefania ^a,b   Cazzaro, Marta ^a   Innocente, Elena ^a   Visin, Flavia ^a   Hopke, Philip K ^b   Rampazzo, Giancarlo ^a  

^a CA' FOSCARI UNIVERSITY OF VENICE   (Italy)

^b CLARKSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric circulation; PM2.5; PMF; Sources; Urban area

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY; COMBUSTION; ELEMENTARY PARTICLE SOURCES; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FACTORIZATION; PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER); PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; SCALES (WEIGHING INSTRUMENTS);

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; COMBUSTION PRO-CESS; COMPOSITIONAL DIFFERENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS; TRAFFIC-RELATED EMISSIONS; URBAN AREAS;

URBAN GROWTH;

AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTANT SOURCE; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; URBAN ATMOSPHERE;

ITALY; PO VALLEY; TREVISO; VENETO;

EID: 84995923007     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.11.011     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. AEBIOM, European Biomass Association, AEBIOM Statistical Report 2015, European Bioenergy Outlook, Key Findings 2015. (Brussels, Belgium. Available at) http://www.aebiom.org/library/statistical-reports/statistical-report-2015/, 2015.
2. 10 at rural, urban and traffic sites in Navarra (North of Spain). Atmos. Res. 102 (2011), 191–205.
3. Amato, F., Moreno, T., Pandolfi, M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Delgado, A., Pedrero, M., Cots, N., Concentrations, sources and geochemistry of airborne particulate matter at a major European airport. J. Environ. Monit. 12 (2010), 854–862.
4. ARPAV, Relazione regionale della qualità dell'aria 2012 [in Italian]. (Available at) http://www.arpa.veneto.it/temi-ambientali/aria/riferimenti/documenti/documenti-1, 2013.
5. ARPAV, Il monitoraggio della qualita’ dell'aria nel comune e nella provincia di Treviso, anno 2012 [in Italian]. (Available at) http://www.arpa.veneto.it/arpav/chi-e-arpav/file-e-allegati/dap-treviso/aria/dap-treviso-campagne-di-monitoraggio-qualita/comune-di-treviso, 2013.
6. ARPAV, Il monitoraggio della qualita’ dell'aria nel comune e nella provincia di Treviso, anno 2013 [in Italian]. (Available at) http://www.arpa.veneto.it/arpav/chi-e-arpav/file-e-allegati/dap-treviso/aria/dap-treviso-campagne-di-monitoraggio-qualita/comune-di-treviso, 2014.
7. ARPAV, Disaggregated Emission Inventory Data. (Website: Last access: November 11, 2015) http://www.arpa.veneto.it/dati-ambientali/open-data/atmosfera/dati-comunali-emissioni-inemar-veneto, 2015.
8. Assaeroporti, Associazione Italiana Gestori Aeroporti, (Website: Last access: November 11, 2015) http://www.assaeroporti.it, 2015.
9. Belis, C.A., Cancelinha, J., Duane, M., Forcina, V., Pedroni, V., Passarella, R., Tanet, G., Douglas, K., Piazzalunga, A., Bolzacchini, E., Sangiorgi, G., Perrone, M.G., Feerero, L., Fermo, P., Larsen, B.R., Sources for PM air pollution in the Po Plain, Italy: I. Critical comparison of methods for estimating biomass burning contributions to benzo (a) pyrene. Atmos. Environ. 45 (2011), 7266–7275.
10. Boman, C., Öhman, M., Nordin, A., Trace element enrichment and behavior in wood pellet production and combustion processes. Energy Fuels 20 (2006), 993–1000.
11. Carslaw, D.C., The Openair Manual — Open-source Tools for Analysing Air Pollution Data. Manual for version 1.1-4, 2015, King's College, London.
12. Cerasi Urban, R., Lima-Souza, M., Caetano-Silva, L., Queiroz, M.E.C., Nogueira, R.F.P., Allen, A.G., Cardoso, A.A., Held, G., Campos, M.L.A.M., Use of levoglucosan, potassium, and water-soluble organic carbon to characterize the origins of biomass-burning aerosols. Atmos. Environ. 61 (2012), 562–569.
13. Chandrasekaran, S.R., Hopke, P.K., Rector, L., Allen, G., Lin, L., Chemical composition of wood chips and wood pellets. Energy Fuels 26 (2012), 4932–4937.
14. Cheng, I., Zhang, P., Blanchard, P., Dalziel, J., Tordon, R., Concentration-weighted trajectory approach to identifying potential sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at an urban coastal site in Nova Scotia, Canada. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13 (2013), 6031–6048.
15. Draxler, R.R., Rolph, G.D., HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model Access via NOAA ARL READY Website. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, 2015 http://www.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php.
16. EEA (European Environment Agency), EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook — 2007. (Available from) http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR5, 2007.
17. EEA (European Environment Agency), AirBased The European Air Quality Database. (Available from: last accessed February, 2015) http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality/map/airbase, 2015.
18. Federal Aviation Administration, Select Resource Materials and Annotated Bibliography on the Topic of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Associated With Aircraft, Airports, and Aviation. (Available at) http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/envir_policy/media/HAPs_rpt.pdf, 2001.
19. Heal, M.R., Kumar, P., Harrison, R.M., Particles, air quality, policy and health. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 (2012), 6606–6630.
20. Hopke, P.K., Ramadan, Z., Paatero, P., Norris, G.A., Landis, M.S., Williams, R.W., Lewis, C.W., Receptor modeling of ambient and personal exposure samples: 1998 Baltimore particulate matter epidemiology-exposure study. Atmos. Environ. 37 (2003), 3289–3302.
21. Hsu, Y., Holsen, T.M., Hopke, P.K., Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago. Atmos. Environ. 37 (2003), 545–562.
22. ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research. Disaggregated Emission Inventory. (Available online, last access: 30 October 2015) http://www.sinanet.isprambiente.it/it/inventaria/disaggregazione-dellinventario-nazionale-2010, 2015.
23. ISTAT, Italian Institute of Statistics. Data Warehouse of the 2011 Population and Housing Census. (Available on-line) http://dati-censimentopopolazione.istat.it/#, 2011.
24. Jang, E.-H., Alam, M.S., Harrison, R.M., Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air using positive matrix factorization and spatial distribution analysis. Atmos. Environ. 79 (2013), 271–285.
25. Johnson, K.S., de Foy, B., Zuberi, B., Molina, L.T., Molina, M.J., Xie, Y., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Aerosol composition and source apportionment in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area with PIXE/PESA/STIM and multivariate analysis. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 (2006), 4591–4600.
26. Karlsson, P.E., Ferm, M., Tømmervik, H., Hole, L.R., Karlsson, G.P., Ruoho-Airola, T., Aas, W., Hellsten, S., Akselsson, C., NørgaardMikkelsen, T., Nihlgård, B., Biomass burning in eastern Europe during spring 2006 caused high deposition of ammonium in northern Fennoscandia. Environ. Pollut. 176 (2013), 71–79.
27. Kim, E., Hopke, P.K., Edgerton, E.S., Source identification of Atlanta aerosol by positive matrix factorization. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53 (2003), 731–739.
28. Kim, E., Hopke, P.K., Comparison between conditional probability function and nonparametric regression for fine particle source directions. Atmos. Environ. 38 (2004), 4667–4673.
29. Lawrence, S., Sokhi, R., Ravindra, K., Mao, H., Prain, H.D., Bull, I.D., Source apportionment of traffic emissions of particulate matter using tunnel measurements. Atmos. Environ. 77 (2013), 548–557.
30. Li, N., Hopke, P.K., Kumar, P., Cliff, S.S., Zhao, Y., Navasca, C., Source apportionment of time and size resolved ambient particulate matter. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 129 (2013), 15–20.
31. 2.5 using measurements at five sites in the Netherlands. Atmos. Environ. 45 (2011), 4180–4191.
32. Masiol, M., Formenton, G., Pasqualetto, A., Pavoni, B., Seasonal trends and spatial variations of PM10-bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Veneto Region, Northeast Italy. Atmos. Environ. 79 (2013), 811–821.
33. Masiol, M., Harrison, R.M., Aircraft engine exhaust emissions and other airport-related contributions to ambient air pollution: a review. Atmos. Environ. 95 (2014), 409–455.
34. 2.5 at multiple sites in Venice (Italy): spatial variability and the role of weather. Atmos. Environ. 98 (2014), 78–88.
35. Masiol, M., Formenton, G., Giraldo, G., Pasqualetto, A., Tieppo, P., Pavoni, B., The dark side of the tradition: the polluting effect of Epiphany folk fires in the eastern Po Valley (Italy). Sci. Total Environ. 473–474 (2014), 549–564.
36. Ministero delle Infrastrutture, Airports National Plan. (Last access: November 13, 2015, Website) http://www.mit.gov.it/mit/site.php?p=cm&o=vd&id=3746, 2015.
37. Pacyna, J.M., Pacyna, E.G., An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide. Environ. Rev. 9:4 (2001), 269–298.
38. Pant, P., Harrison, R.M., Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: a review. Atmos. Environ. 77 (2013), 78–97.
39. Pascal, M., Corso, M., Chanel, O., Declerq, C., Badaloni, C., Cesaroni, G., Henschel, S., Meister, K., Haluza, D., Martin-Olmedo, P., Mediana, S., Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: results of the Aphekom project. Sci. Total Environ. 449 (2013), 390–400.
40. 2.5 concentrations in Milan, Northern Italy: molecular marker data and CMB modelling. Sci. Total Environ. 414 (2012), 343–355.
41. Polissar, A.V., Hopke, P.K., Paatero, P., Malm, W.C., Sisler, J.F., Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska 2. Elemental composition and sources. J. Geophys. Res. 103:D15 (1998), 19045–19057.
42. Reff, A., Eberly, S.I., Bhave, P.V., Receptor modeling of ambient particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization: review of existing methods. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 57 (2007), 146–154.
43. Rolph, G.D., Real-time Environmental Applications and Display sYstem (READY) Website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov). Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, 2016.
44. Ryu, S.Y., Kwon, B.G., Kim, Y.J., Kim, H.H., Chun, K.J., Characteristics of biomass burning aerosol and its impact on regional air quality in the summer of 2003 at Gwangju, Korea. Atmos. Res. 84 (2007), 362–373.
45. Sánchez de la Campa, A.M., de la Rosa, J.D., González-Castanedo, Y., Fernández-Camacho, R., Alastuey, A., Querol, X., Pio, C., High concentrations of heavy metals in PM from ceramic factories of Southern Spain. Atmos. Res. 96 (2010), 633–644.
46. 2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol. J. Aerosol Sci. 46 (2012), 64–76.
47. 2.5 chemical composition in an industrial zone included in a large urban settlement: main sources and local background. Evnviron. Sci. Process. Impacts 16:8 (2014), 1913–1922.
48. Squizzato, S., Masiol, M., Application of meteorology-based methods to determine local and external contributions to particulate matter pollution: a case study in Venice (Italy). Atmos. Environ. 119 (2015), 69–81.
49. Taiwo, A.M., Harrison, R.M., Shi, Z., A review of receptor modelling of industrially emitted particulate matter. Atmos. Environ. 97 (2014), 109–120.
50. Tositti, L., Brattich, E., Masiol, M., Baldacci, D., Ceccato, D., Parmeggiani, S., Stracquadanio, S., Zappoli, S., Source apportionment of particulate matter in a large city of southeastern Po Valley (Bologna, Italy). Environ. Sci. Pollut. R. 21 (2014), 872–890.
51. Uria-Tellaetxe, I., Carslaw, D.C., Conditional bivariate probability function for source identification. Environ. Model. Softw. 59 (2014), 1–9.
52. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), EPA positive matrix factorization (PMF) 5.0. Fundamentals & User Guide, 2014, USEPA Office of Research and Development, Washington DC, USA (124 pp).
53. Vecchi, R., Chiari, M., D'Alessandro, A., Fermo, P., Lucarelli, F., Mazzei, F., Valli, G., A mass closure and PMF source apportionment study on the sub-micron sized aerosol fraction at urban sites in Italy. Atmos. Environ. 42 (2008), 2240–2253.
54. Wang, F., Cernuschi, S., Ozgen, S., Ripamonti, G., Vecchi, R., Valli, G., Lonati, G., UFP and BC at a mid-sized city in Po valley, Italy: size-resolved partitioning between primary and newly formed particles. Atmos. Environ. 142 (2016), 120–131.
55. Wang, Y.Q., Zhang, X.Y., Draxler, R., TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data. Environ. Model. Softw. 24 (2009), 938–939.
56. 2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995. Chemosphere 43 (2001), 1141–1151.
57. Wiinikka, H., Grönberg, C., Boman, C., Emissions of heavy metals during fixed-bed combustion of six biomass fuels. Energy Fuels 27 (2013), 1073–1080.
58. Kara, M., Hopke, P.K., Dumanoglu, Y., Altiok, H., Elbir, T., Odabasi, M., Bayram, A., Characterization of PM using multiple site data in a heavily industrialized region of Turkey. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 15 (2015), 11–27.
59. Zhao, W., Hopke, P.K., Gelfand, E.W., Rabinovitch, N., Use of an expanded receptor model for personal exposure analysis in schoolchildren with asthma. Atmos. Environ. 41 (2007), 4084–4096.