Factors associated with psychotic relapse in patients with schizophrenia in a Pakistani cohort

International Journal of Mental Health Nursing

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 384-390

  Ahmad, Irshad ^a   Khalily, Muhammad Tahir ^a   Hallahan, Brian ^b   Shah, Inayat ^c  

^a INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MALAKAND   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

culture; relapse of psychosis; schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

ADULT; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; FAMILY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; PAKISTAN; PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVIEW; PSYCHOLOGY; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; CULTURE; FAMILY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MALE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; PAKISTAN; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84995538644     PISSN: 14458330     EISSN: 14470349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/inm.12260     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Aderhold, V. & Gottwalz, E. (2004). Family therapy and schizophrenia. Replacing ideology with openness. In: W. J. Read, L. R. Mosher & R. P. Bental (Eds). Models of Madness. (pp. 335–347). Hove: Brunner-Routledge.
2. Ahmad, R. & Rashid, A. (2006). Perceived emotional expression in the family and psychopathology. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, 37, 13–20.
3. Amador, X. F., Flaum, M., Andreasen, N. C. et al. (1994). Awareness of illness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective and mood disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 826–836.
4. Awad, A. G. & Voruganti, L. N. (2008). The burden of schizophrenia on caregivers. Pharmacoeconomics, 26, 149–162.
5. Bradshaw, T. & Pedley, R. (2012). Evolving role of mental health nurses in the physical health care of people with serious mental health illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 21, 266–273.
6. Buckley, P. F., Miller, B. J., Lehrer, D. S. & Castle, D. J. (2009). Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35, 383–402.
7. Butzlaff, R. L. & Hooley, J. M. (1998). Expressed emotion and psychiatric relapse: A meta-analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 547–552.
8. Falkai, P., Wobrock, T., Lieberman, J. et al. (2005). World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, Part 1: Acute treatment of schizophrenia. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 6, 132–191.
9. Gamble, C. (1995). The Thorn nurse training initiative. Nursing Standards, 9, 31–34.
10. Insel, T. R. (2010). Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature, 468, 187–193.
11. Kane, J. M., Meltzer, H. Y., Carson, W. H. Jr, McQuade, R. D., Marcus, R. N. & Sanchez, R. (2007). Aripiprazole for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparison study versus perphenazine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68, 213–223.
12. Kay, S. R., Flszbein, A. & Opfer, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261.
13. Kazadi, N., Moosa, M. & Jeenah, F. (2008). Factors associated with relapse in schizophrenia. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 14, 52–62.
14. Kuipers, E. & Bebbington, P. (2006). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis. Epidemiologiae psichiatria sociale, 15, 267–275.
15. Lauber, C. & Rössler, W. (2007). Stigma towards people with mental illness in developing countries in Asia. International Reviews of Psychiatry, 19, 157–178.
16. Literacy Rate of Education in Pakistan (2015). [Cited 06 May 2015]. Available from Archivist online, website, http://www.archivistonline.pk/literacy-rate-in-pakistan
17. Marwaha, S., Johnson, S., Bebbington, P. et al. (2007). Rates and correlates of employment in people with schizophrenia in the UK, France and Germany. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 30–37.
18. Moeller, K. E., Shireman, T. I. & Liskow, B. I. (2006). Relapse rates in patients with schizophrenia receiving aripiprazole in comparison with other atypical antipsychotics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 1942–1947.
19. Moncrieff, J. (2006). Why is it so difficult to stop psychiatric drug treatment? It may be nothing to do with the original problem. Medical Hypotheses, 67, 517–523.
20. Morken, G., Widen, J. H. & Grawe, R. W. (2008). Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication, relapse and rehospitalisation in recent-onset schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 32.
21. Mueser, K. T. & McGurk, S. R. (2004). Schizophrenia. The Lancet, 363, 2063–2072.
22. Paycheckpk. (2015). Minimum Wage in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 2014-2015. Paycheckpk. [Cited 21 April 2015]. Available from: http://www.paycheck.pk/main/salary/minimum-wages/minimum-wage-2014-2015
23. Pilling, S., Bebbington, P., Kuipers, E. et al. (2002). Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: I. Meta-analysis of family intervention and cognitive behaviour therapy. Psychological Medicine, 32, 763–782.
24. Reddy, S., Thirthalli, J., Channaveerachari, N. et al. (2014) Factors influencing access to psychiatric treatment in persons with schizophrenia: A qualitative study in a rural community. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 56, 54–60.
25. Robinson, D. G., Woerner, M. G., Delman, H. M. & Kane, J. M. (2005). Pharmacological treatments for first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31, 705–722.
26. Sultan, F. M. (2006). Factors delaying psychiatric consultation in first episode psychosis - A retrospective cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Science, 14, 21–25.
27. Tarrier, N., Wittkowski, A., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Morris, J. & Humphreys, L. (1999). Durability of the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 500–504.
28. Turkington, D., Kingdon, D. & Turner, T. (2002). Effectiveness of a brief cognitive—behavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 523–527.
29. Turkington, D., Kingdon, D., Rathod, S., Hammond, K., Pelton, J. & Mehta, R. (2006). Outcomes of an effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioural intervention by mental health nurses in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 36–40.
30. Üçok, A., Polat, A., Çakır, S. & Genç, A. (2006). One year outcome in first episode schizophrenia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 37–43.
31. World Health Organization, Europe. (2014). Mental Health Data and Statistics. [Cited 8 April 2015]. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/mental-health/data-and-statistics
32. Zafar, S. N., Syed, R., Tehseen, S. et al. (2008). Perceptions about the cause of schizophrenia and the subsequent help seeking behavior in a Pakistani population–results of a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 56.