메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 1094-1103

Global genotype distribution of hepatitis C viral infection among people who inject drugs

Author keywords

Genotype; Hepatitis C; People who inject drugs; PWID; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DRUG USE; EMBASE; EUROPE; GENOTYPE; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MEDLINE; MISCELLANEOUS NAMED GROUPS; PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUG; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCINFO; QUALITY CONTROL; SOUTH AMERICA; SUBSTANCE USE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; AFRICA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

EID: 84994887752     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: 16000641     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.042     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (107)
  • 1
    • 84914150658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection
    • [1] Gower, E., Estes, C., Blach, S., Razavi-Shearer, K., Razavi, H., Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 61 (2014), S45–S57.
    • (2014) J Hepatol , vol.61 , pp. S45-S57
    • Gower, E.1    Estes, C.2    Blach, S.3    Razavi-Shearer, K.4    Razavi, H.5
  • 2
    • 33144483814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injection drug users: the overlooked core of the hepatitis C epidemic
    • [2] Edlin, B.R., Carden, M.R., Injection drug users: the overlooked core of the hepatitis C epidemic. Clin Infect Dis 42 (2006), 673–676.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 673-676
    • Edlin, B.R.1    Carden, M.R.2
  • 3
    • 80051676859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews
    • [3] Nelson, P.K., Mathers, B.M., Cowie, B., et al. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews. Lancet 378 (2011), 571–583.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 571-583
    • Nelson, P.K.1    Mathers, B.M.2    Cowie, B.3
  • 4
    • 0036893172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Management of hepatitis C 2002 (June 10–12, 2002)
    • [4] National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Management of hepatitis C 2002 (June 10–12, 2002). Gastroenterology 123 (2002), 2082–2099.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , pp. 2082-2099
  • 5
    • 0034069745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of hepatitis C: its impact on clinical management
    • [5] Di Bisceglie, A.M., Natural history of hepatitis C: its impact on clinical management. Hepatology 31 (2000), 1014–1018.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 1014-1018
    • Di Bisceglie, A.M.1
  • 6
    • 84895802673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of HCV genotype 1 subtypes for drug resistance and response to therapy
    • [6] Wyles, D.L., Gutierrez, J.A., Importance of HCV genotype 1 subtypes for drug resistance and response to therapy. J Viral Hepat 21 (2014), 229–240.
    • (2014) J Viral Hepat , vol.21 , pp. 229-240
    • Wyles, D.L.1    Gutierrez, J.A.2
  • 7
    • 49649118223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression
    • [7] Thein, H.H., Yi, Q., Dore, G.J., Krahn, M.D., Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology 48 (2008), 418–431.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , pp. 418-431
    • Thein, H.H.1    Yi, Q.2    Dore, G.J.3    Krahn, M.D.4
  • 8
    • 84941360952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of common risk factors of fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C
    • [8] Rueger, S., Bochud, P.Y., Dufour, J.F., et al. Impact of common risk factors of fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 64 (2015), 1605–1615.
    • (2015) Gut , vol.64 , pp. 1605-1615
    • Rueger, S.1    Bochud, P.Y.2    Dufour, J.F.3
  • 9
    • 84939653819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus
    • [9] Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 62 (2015), 932–954.
    • (2015) Hepatology , vol.62 , pp. 932-954
  • 10
    • 84931560807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Association for Study of Liver: EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C
    • [10] European Association for Study of Liver: EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C. J Hepatol 63 (2015), 199–236.
    • (2015) J Hepatol , vol.63 , pp. 199-236
  • 12
    • 33745136792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the 5′ noncoding region vs. the NS5b region in genotyping hepatitis C virus isolates from blood donors in France
    • [12] Cantaloube, J.F., Laperche, S., Gallian, P., Bouchardeau, F., de Lamballerie, X., de Micco, P., Analysis of the 5′ noncoding region vs. the NS5b region in genotyping hepatitis C virus isolates from blood donors in France. J Clin Microbiol 44 (2006), 2051–2056.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 2051-2056
    • Cantaloube, J.F.1    Laperche, S.2    Gallian, P.3    Bouchardeau, F.4    de Lamballerie, X.5    de Micco, P.6
  • 13
    • 84897653506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and clinical correlates of viral and host genotypes in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    • [13] Rao, H., Wei, L., Lopez-Talavera, J.C., et al. Distribution and clinical correlates of viral and host genotypes in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29 (2014), 545–553.
    • (2014) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.29 , pp. 545-553
    • Rao, H.1    Wei, L.2    Lopez-Talavera, J.C.3
  • 14
    • 84939641749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic distribution of HCV genotypes in Libya and analysis of risk factors involved in their transmission
    • [14] Daw, M.A., El-Bouzedi, A., Dau, A.A., Geographic distribution of HCV genotypes in Libya and analysis of risk factors involved in their transmission. BMC Res Notes, 8, 2015, 367.
    • (2015) BMC Res Notes , vol.8 , pp. 367
    • Daw, M.A.1    El-Bouzedi, A.2    Dau, A.A.3
  • 15
    • 79959438789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    • [15] Jacobson, I.M., McHutchison, J.G., Dusheiko, G., et al. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 364 (2011), 2405–2416.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 2405-2416
    • Jacobson, I.M.1    McHutchison, J.G.2    Dusheiko, G.3
  • 16
    • 79953173221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection
    • [16] Poordad, F., McCone, J., Bacon, B.R., et al. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 364 (2011), 1195–1206.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 1195-1206
    • Poordad, F.1    McCone, J.2    Bacon, B.R.3
  • 17
    • 84865494240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis C virus infection to boceprevir
    • e1–e5
    • [17] Poordad, F., Bronowicki, J.P., Gordon, S.C., et al. Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis C virus infection to boceprevir. Gastroenterology 143 (2012), 608–618, e1–e5.
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.143 , pp. 608-618
    • Poordad, F.1    Bronowicki, J.P.2    Gordon, S.C.3
  • 18
    • 84856159009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study of two antiviral agents for hepatitis C genotype 1
    • [18] Lok, A.S., Gardiner, D.F., Lawitz, E., et al. Preliminary study of two antiviral agents for hepatitis C genotype 1. N Engl J Med 366 (2012), 216–224.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 216-224
    • Lok, A.S.1    Gardiner, D.F.2    Lawitz, E.3
  • 19
    • 84911409020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in non-responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin and treatment-naive patients: the COSMOS randomised study
    • [19] Lawitz, E., Sulkowski, M.S., Ghalib, R., et al. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in non-responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin and treatment-naive patients: the COSMOS randomised study. Lancet 384 (2014), 1756–1765.
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.384 , pp. 1756-1765
    • Lawitz, E.1    Sulkowski, M.S.2    Ghalib, R.3
  • 20
    • 84892619580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for previously treated or untreated chronic HCV infection
    • [20] Sulkowski, M.S., Gardiner, D.F., Rodriguez-Torres, M., et al. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for previously treated or untreated chronic HCV infection. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 211–221.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 211-221
    • Sulkowski, M.S.1    Gardiner, D.F.2    Rodriguez-Torres, M.3
  • 21
    • 84900339263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection
    • [21] Afdhal, N., Zeuzem, S., Kwo, P., et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 1889–1898.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 1889-1898
    • Afdhal, N.1    Zeuzem, S.2    Kwo, P.3
  • 22
    • 84898669547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection
    • [22] Afdhal, N., Reddy, K.R., Nelson, D.R., et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 1483–1493.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 1483-1493
    • Afdhal, N.1    Reddy, K.R.2    Nelson, D.R.3
  • 23
    • 84900326091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis
    • [23] Kowdley, K.V., Gordon, S.C., Reddy, K.R., et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 1879–1888.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 1879-1888
    • Kowdley, K.V.1    Gordon, S.C.2    Reddy, K.R.3
  • 24
    • 84899068302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin
    • [24] Feld, J.J., Kowdley, K.V., Coakley, E., et al. Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 1594–1603.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 1594-1603
    • Feld, J.J.1    Kowdley, K.V.2    Coakley, E.3
  • 25
    • 84901044326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for HCV
    • [25] Ferenci, P., Bernstein, D., Lalezari, J., et al. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for HCV. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 1983–1992.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 1983-1992
    • Ferenci, P.1    Bernstein, D.2    Lalezari, J.3
  • 26
    • 84899106124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retreatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin
    • [26] Zeuzem, S., Jacobson, I.M., Baykal, T., et al. Retreatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med 370 (2014), 1604–1614.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 1604-1614
    • Zeuzem, S.1    Jacobson, I.M.2    Baykal, T.3
  • 27
    • 8344260662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiologic analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting drug users with acute hepatitis C in Japan
    • [27] Satoh, Y., Hino, K., Kato, T., et al. Molecular epidemiologic analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting drug users with acute hepatitis C in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19 (2004), 1305–1311.
    • (2004) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.19 , pp. 1305-1311
    • Satoh, Y.1    Hino, K.2    Kato, T.3
  • 28
    • 34147154319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in forensic blood samples obtained from injecting drug users
    • [28] Kato, H., Maeno, Y., Seko-Nakamura, Y., et al. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in forensic blood samples obtained from injecting drug users. Forensic Sci Int 168 (2007), 27–33.
    • (2007) Forensic Sci Int , vol.168 , pp. 27-33
    • Kato, H.1    Maeno, Y.2    Seko-Nakamura, Y.3
  • 29
    • 75349095780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing trends in hepatitis C infection over the past 50 years in Japan
    • [29] Chung, H., Ueda, T., Kudo, M., Changing trends in hepatitis C infection over the past 50 years in Japan. Intervirology 53 (2010), 39–43.
    • (2010) Intervirology , vol.53 , pp. 39-43
    • Chung, H.1    Ueda, T.2    Kudo, M.3
  • 30
    • 84907998037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Japan
    • [30] Toyoda, H., Kumada, T., Takaguchi, K., Shimada, N., Tanaka, J., Changes in hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Japan. Epidemiol Infect 142 (2014), 2624–2628.
    • (2014) Epidemiol Infect , vol.142 , pp. 2624-2628
    • Toyoda, H.1    Kumada, T.2    Takaguchi, K.3    Shimada, N.4    Tanaka, J.5
  • 31
    • 85003799420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afghan Opiate Trafficking through the Southern Route, (Vienna, 2015)
    • [31] Responses to annual report questionnaire for 2013 and UNODC, Afghan Opiate Trafficking through the Southern Route, 2015 (Vienna, 2015).
    • (2015)
  • 32
    • 85003993045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Drug Report (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.15.XI.6).
    • [32] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2015 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.15.XI.6).
    • (2015)
  • 33
    • 0033979507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overland heroin trafficking routes and HIV-1 spread in south and south-east Asia
    • [33] Beyrer, C., Razak, M.H., Lisam, K., Chen, J., Lui, W., Yu, X.F., Overland heroin trafficking routes and HIV-1 spread in south and south-east Asia. AIDS 14 (2000), 75–83.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 75-83
    • Beyrer, C.1    Razak, M.H.2    Lisam, K.3    Chen, J.4    Lui, W.5    Yu, X.F.6
  • 34
    • 0035831178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid dissemination of a novel B/C recombinant HIV-1 among injection drug users in southern China
    • [34] Yu, X.F., Liu, W., Chen, J., et al. Rapid dissemination of a novel B/C recombinant HIV-1 among injection drug users in southern China. AIDS 15 (2001), 523–525.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 523-525
    • Yu, X.F.1    Liu, W.2    Chen, J.3
  • 35
    • 43949129773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unique HCV genotype distribution and the discovery of a novel subtype 6u among IDUs co-infected with HIV-1 in Yunnan, China
    • [35] Xia, X., Lu, L., Tee, K.K., et al. The unique HCV genotype distribution and the discovery of a novel subtype 6u among IDUs co-infected with HIV-1 in Yunnan, China. J Med Virol 80 (2008), 1142–1152.
    • (2008) J Med Virol , vol.80 , pp. 1142-1152
    • Xia, X.1    Lu, L.2    Tee, K.K.3
  • 36
    • 0029026169 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between hepatitis C virus genotypes and sources of infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C
    • [36] Pawlotsky, J.M., Tsakiris, L., Roudot-Thoraval, F., et al. Relationship between hepatitis C virus genotypes and sources of infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Infect Dis 171 (1995), 1607–1610.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , pp. 1607-1610
    • Pawlotsky, J.M.1    Tsakiris, L.2    Roudot-Thoraval, F.3
  • 37
    • 34250625319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological characteristics and response to peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection
    • [37] Roulot, D., Bourcier, V., Grando, V., et al. Epidemiological characteristics and response to peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection. J Viral Hepat 14 (2007), 460–467.
    • (2007) J Viral Hepat , vol.14 , pp. 460-467
    • Roulot, D.1    Bourcier, V.2    Grando, V.3
  • 39
    • 79955603049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological features of patients infected with HCV genotype 4 in Poland: Epidemiology of HCV genotype 4 in Poland
    • [39] Chlabicz, S., Flisiak, R., Lapinski, T.W., et al. Epidemiological features of patients infected with HCV genotype 4 in Poland: Epidemiology of HCV genotype 4 in Poland. Hepat Mon 11 (2011), 191–194.
    • (2011) Hepat Mon , vol.11 , pp. 191-194
    • Chlabicz, S.1    Flisiak, R.2    Lapinski, T.W.3
  • 40
    • 40549130696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of genotype 4 among hepatitis C virus-infected intravenous drug users in north-eastern Poland
    • [40] Chlabicz, S., Flisiak, R., Kowalczuk, O., et al. High prevalence of genotype 4 among hepatitis C virus-infected intravenous drug users in north-eastern Poland. J Med Virol 80 (2008), 615–618.
    • (2008) J Med Virol , vol.80 , pp. 615-618
    • Chlabicz, S.1    Flisiak, R.2    Kowalczuk, O.3
  • 41
    • 79751505901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HCV subtype characterization among injection drug users: implication for a crucial role of Zhenjiang in HCV transmission in China
    • e16817
    • [41] Zhang, C., Wu, N., Liu, J., et al. HCV subtype characterization among injection drug users: implication for a crucial role of Zhenjiang in HCV transmission in China. PLoS One, 6, 2011, e16817.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Zhang, C.1    Wu, N.2    Liu, J.3
  • 42
    • 34247186434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sequence analysis of the NS5B region for routine genotyping of hepatitis C virus with reference to C/E1 and 5′ untranslated region sequences
    • [42] Murphy, D.G., Willems, B., Deschenes, M., Hilzenrat, N., Mousseau, R., Sabbah, S., Use of sequence analysis of the NS5B region for routine genotyping of hepatitis C virus with reference to C/E1 and 5′ untranslated region sequences. J Clin Microbiol 45 (2007), 1102–1112.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 1102-1112
    • Murphy, D.G.1    Willems, B.2    Deschenes, M.3    Hilzenrat, N.4    Mousseau, R.5    Sabbah, S.6
  • 43
    • 84872586986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis C genotypes 5 and 6
    • [43] Al Naamani, K., Al Sinani, S., Deschenes, M., Epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis C genotypes 5 and 6. Can J Gastroenterol 27 (2013), e8–e12.
    • (2013) Can J Gastroenterol , vol.27 , pp. e8-e12
    • Al Naamani, K.1    Al Sinani, S.2    Deschenes, M.3
  • 44
    • 20844432463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus among injection drug users in southern China
    • [44] Garten, R.J., Zhang, J., Lai, S., Liu, W., Chen, J., Yu, X.F., Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus among injection drug users in southern China. Clin Infect Dis 41 (2005), S18–S24.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. S18-S24
    • Garten, R.J.1    Zhang, J.2    Lai, S.3    Liu, W.4    Chen, J.5    Yu, X.F.6
  • 45
    • 78751500947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection & liver disease among injection drug users (IDUs) in Chennai, India
    • [45] Mehta, S.H., Vogt, S.L., Srikrishnan, A.K., et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection & liver disease among injection drug users (IDUs) in Chennai, India. Indian J Med Res 132 (2010), 706–714.
    • (2010) Indian J Med Res , vol.132 , pp. 706-714
    • Mehta, S.H.1    Vogt, S.L.2    Srikrishnan, A.K.3
  • 46
    • 44149085444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely high prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected injection drug users in Taiwan
    • [46] Liu, J.Y., Lin, H.H., Liu, Y.C., et al. Extremely high prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected injection drug users in Taiwan. Clin Infect Dis 46 (2008), 1761–1768.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1761-1768
    • Liu, J.Y.1    Lin, H.H.2    Liu, Y.C.3
  • 47
    • 18644366350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection with hepatitis C virus among intravenous-drug users: prevalence, genotypes and risk-factor-associated behaviour patterns in Thailand
    • [47] Hansurabhanon, T., Jiraphongsa, C., Tunsakun, P., et al. Infection with hepatitis C virus among intravenous-drug users: prevalence, genotypes and risk-factor-associated behaviour patterns in Thailand. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96 (2002), 615–625.
    • (2002) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.96 , pp. 615-625
    • Hansurabhanon, T.1    Jiraphongsa, C.2    Tunsakun, P.3
  • 48
    • 44549088111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation of hepatitis C virus in a cohort of injection heroin users in Wuhan, China
    • [48] Peng, J.S., Wang, X., Liu, M.Q., et al. Genetic variation of hepatitis C virus in a cohort of injection heroin users in Wuhan, China. Virus Res 135 (2008), 191–196.
    • (2008) Virus Res , vol.135 , pp. 191-196
    • Peng, J.S.1    Wang, X.2    Liu, M.Q.3
  • 49
    • 79955892012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of widespread methadone treatment on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users in Hong Kong
    • [49] Chan, D.P., Lee, S.S., Lee, K.C., The effects of widespread methadone treatment on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users in Hong Kong. J Med Virol 83 (2011), 1187–1194.
    • (2011) J Med Virol , vol.83 , pp. 1187-1194
    • Chan, D.P.1    Lee, S.S.2    Lee, K.C.3
  • 50
    • 24944566761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral hepatitis C in Hong Kong
    • [50] Leung, N., Chu, C., Tam, J.S., Viral hepatitis C in Hong Kong. Intervirology 49 (2006), 23–27.
    • (2006) Intervirology , vol.49 , pp. 23-27
    • Leung, N.1    Chu, C.2    Tam, J.S.3
  • 51
    • 84861669859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex patterns of HCV epidemic in Suzhou: evidence for dual infection and HCV recombination in East China
    • [51] Du, H., Qi, Y., Hao, F., et al. Complex patterns of HCV epidemic in Suzhou: evidence for dual infection and HCV recombination in East China. J Clin Virol 54 (2012), 207–212.
    • (2012) J Clin Virol , vol.54 , pp. 207-212
    • Du, H.1    Qi, Y.2    Hao, F.3
  • 52
    • 84870577172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different HCV genotype distributions of HIV-infected individuals in Henan and Guangxi, China
    • e50343
    • [52] Tian, D., Li, L., Liu, Y., Li, H., Xu, X., Li, J., Different HCV genotype distributions of HIV-infected individuals in Henan and Guangxi, China. PLoS One, 7, 2012, e50343.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Tian, D.1    Li, L.2    Liu, Y.3    Li, H.4    Xu, X.5    Li, J.6
  • 53
    • 56349122830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of HCV monoinfection and HIV/HCV coinfection in injection drug users in Liuzhou, Southern China
    • e3608
    • [53] Tan, Y., Wei, Q.H., Chen, L.J., et al. Molecular epidemiology of HCV monoinfection and HIV/HCV coinfection in injection drug users in Liuzhou, Southern China. PLoS One, 3, 2008, e3608.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Tan, Y.1    Wei, Q.H.2    Chen, L.J.3
  • 54
    • 84861005010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing pattern of clinical epidemiology on hepatitis C virus infection in southwest china
    • [54] Yan, Z., Fan, K., Wang, Y., Fan, Y., Tan, Z., Deng, G., Changing pattern of clinical epidemiology on hepatitis C virus infection in southwest china. Hepat Mon 12 (2012), 196–204.
    • (2012) Hepat Mon , vol.12 , pp. 196-204
    • Yan, Z.1    Fan, K.2    Wang, Y.3    Fan, Y.4    Tan, Z.5    Deng, G.6
  • 55
    • 78149497310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural intragenotypic and intergenotypic HCV recombinants are rare in southwest China even among patients with multiple exposures
    • [55] Zhou, Y., Wang, X., Hong, G., et al. Natural intragenotypic and intergenotypic HCV recombinants are rare in southwest China even among patients with multiple exposures. J Clin Virol 49 (2010), 272–276.
    • (2010) J Clin Virol , vol.49 , pp. 272-276
    • Zhou, Y.1    Wang, X.2    Hong, G.3
  • 56
    • 84893058008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus genotype diversity among intravenous drug users in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China
    • e82598
    • [56] Zhang, Z., Yao, Y., Wu, W., et al. Hepatitis C virus genotype diversity among intravenous drug users in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. PLoS One, 8, 2013, e82598.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Zhang, Z.1    Yao, Y.2    Wu, W.3
  • 57
    • 74849128651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of HCV genotypes among injection drug users in Taiwan: Full-length sequences of two new subtype 6w strains and a recombinant form_2b6w
    • [57] Lee, Y.M., Lin, H.J., Chen, Y.J., et al. Molecular epidemiology of HCV genotypes among injection drug users in Taiwan: Full-length sequences of two new subtype 6w strains and a recombinant form_2b6w. J Med Virol 82 (2010), 57–68.
    • (2010) J Med Virol , vol.82 , pp. 57-68
    • Lee, Y.M.1    Lin, H.J.2    Chen, Y.J.3
  • 58
    • 79951512808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of hepatitis C virus genotypes among intravenous heroin users in Taiwan
    • [58] Liao, K.F., Lai, S.W., Lin, C.Y., Huang, C.H., Lin, Y.Y., Diversity of hepatitis C virus genotypes among intravenous heroin users in Taiwan. Am J Med Sci 341 (2011), 110–112.
    • (2011) Am J Med Sci , vol.341 , pp. 110-112
    • Liao, K.F.1    Lai, S.W.2    Lin, C.Y.3    Huang, C.H.4    Lin, Y.Y.5
  • 59
    • 84899527649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus co-infection
    • e94791
    • [59] Hsieh, M.H., Tsai, J.J., Hsieh, M.Y., et al. Hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. PLoS One, 9, 2014, e94791.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Hsieh, M.H.1    Tsai, J.J.2    Hsieh, M.Y.3
  • 60
    • 84964570059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in managing chronic HCV infection: focus on therapy in patients with severe liver disease
    • [60] Maan, R., van der Meer, A.J., Recent advances in managing chronic HCV infection: focus on therapy in patients with severe liver disease. F1000Res, 5, 2016.
    • (2016) F1000Res , vol.5
    • Maan, R.1    van der Meer, A.J.2
  • 61
    • 85014527793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High sustained virological response rates using generic direct acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C, imported into Australia
    • [61] Freeman, J., Sallie, R., Kennedy, A., Hieu, P.T.N., Freeman, J., Jeffreys, G., et al. High sustained virological response rates using generic direct acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C, imported into Australia. J Hepatol 64 (2016), 183–212.
    • (2016) J Hepatol , vol.64 , pp. 183-212
    • Freeman, J.1    Sallie, R.2    Kennedy, A.3    Hieu, P.T.N.4    Freeman, J.5    Jeffreys, G.6
  • 62
    • 84888874874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment as prevention and cure towards global eradication of hepatitis C virus
    • [62] Hagan, L.M., Wolpe, P.R., Schinazi, R.F., Treatment as prevention and cure towards global eradication of hepatitis C virus. Trends Microbiol 21 (2013), 625–633.
    • (2013) Trends Microbiol , vol.21 , pp. 625-633
    • Hagan, L.M.1    Wolpe, P.R.2    Schinazi, R.F.3
  • 63
    • 84938603864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus: why do we need a vaccine to prevent a curable persistent infection?
    • [63] Walker, C.M., Grakoui, A., Hepatitis C virus: why do we need a vaccine to prevent a curable persistent infection?. Curr Opin Immunol 35 (2015), 137–143.
    • (2015) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 137-143
    • Walker, C.M.1    Grakoui, A.2
  • 64
    • 55749095381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review
    • [64] Mathers, B.M., Degenhardt, L., Phillips, B., et al. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. Lancet 372 (2008), 1733–1745.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1733-1745
    • Mathers, B.M.1    Degenhardt, L.2    Phillips, B.3
  • 65
    • 79960146539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in Bulgarian injecting drug users
    • [65] Ciccozzi, M., Zehender, G., Cento, V., et al. Molecular analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in Bulgarian injecting drug users. J Med Virol 83 (2011), 1565–1570.
    • (2011) J Med Virol , vol.83 , pp. 1565-1570
    • Ciccozzi, M.1    Zehender, G.2    Cento, V.3
  • 66
    • 84855795874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous drug users can achieve a high sustained virological response rate: experience from Croatian reference center for viral hepatitis
    • [66] Kurelac, I., Papic, N., Sakoman, S., et al. Intravenous drug users can achieve a high sustained virological response rate: experience from Croatian reference center for viral hepatitis. Hepat Mon 11 (2011), 986–992.
    • (2011) Hepat Mon , vol.11 , pp. 986-992
    • Kurelac, I.1    Papic, N.2    Sakoman, S.3
  • 67
    • 65449165218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current situation and trends in the hepatitis C virus genotype distribution among injecting drug users in the Czech Republic
    • [67] Krekulová, L., Rehák, V., Strunecký, O., Nēmecek, V., Current situation and trends in the hepatitis C virus genotype distribution among injecting drug users in the Czech Republic. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 58 (2009), 84–89.
    • (2009) Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol , vol.58 , pp. 84-89
    • Krekulová, L.1    Rehák, V.2    Strunecký, O.3    Nēmecek, V.4
  • 68
    • 33847612815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterization of hepatitis C virus strains in Estonia: fluctuations in the predominating subtype with time
    • [68] Tallo, T., Norder, H., Tefanova, V., et al. Genetic characterization of hepatitis C virus strains in Estonia: fluctuations in the predominating subtype with time. J Med Virol 79 (2007), 374–382.
    • (2007) J Med Virol , vol.79 , pp. 374-382
    • Tallo, T.1    Norder, H.2    Tefanova, V.3
  • 69
    • 84924033601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Tbilisi, Georgia: an urgent need for prevention and treatment
    • [69] Bouscaillou, J., Champagnat, J., Luhmann, N., et al. Hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Tbilisi, Georgia: an urgent need for prevention and treatment. Int J Drug Policy 25 (2014), 871–878.
    • (2014) Int J Drug Policy , vol.25 , pp. 871-878
    • Bouscaillou, J.1    Champagnat, J.2    Luhmann, N.3
  • 70
    • 84888121014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes among injecting drug users in Hungary
    • [70] Tresó, B., Takács, M., Dencs, Á., Dudás, M., Pár, A., Rusvai, E., Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes among injecting drug users in Hungary. Euro Surveill, 18, 2013.
    • (2013) Euro Surveill , vol.18
    • Tresó, B.1    Takács, M.2    Dencs, Á.3    Dudás, M.4    Pár, A.5    Rusvai, E.6
  • 72
    • 25844449677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus in Western Siberia
    • [72] Shustov, A.V., Kochneva, G.V., Sivolobova, G.F., et al. Molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus in Western Siberia. J Med Virol 77 (2005), 382–389.
    • (2005) J Med Virol , vol.77 , pp. 382-389
    • Shustov, A.V.1    Kochneva, G.V.2    Sivolobova, G.F.3
  • 73
    • 62849096072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus genotypes in 1,504 patients in Slovenia, 1993–2007
    • [73] Seme, K., Vrhovac, M., Mocilnik, T., et al. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in 1,504 patients in Slovenia, 1993–2007. J Med Virol 81 (2009), 634–639.
    • (2009) J Med Virol , vol.81 , pp. 634-639
    • Seme, K.1    Vrhovac, M.2    Mocilnik, T.3
  • 74
    • 26244453003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C among drug users in Flanders, Belgium: association of genotype with clinical parameters and with sex- and drug-related risk behaviours
    • [74] Matheï, C., Wollants, E., Verbeeck, J., et al. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C among drug users in Flanders, Belgium: association of genotype with clinical parameters and with sex- and drug-related risk behaviours. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 24 (2005), 514–522.
    • (2005) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.24 , pp. 514-522
    • Matheï, C.1    Wollants, E.2    Verbeeck, J.3
  • 75
    • 0033661582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemophilic patients with hepatitis C have higher viral load compared to other well-defined patient groups
    • [75] Krarup, H.B., Møller, J.M., Christensen, P.B., et al. Haemophilic patients with hepatitis C have higher viral load compared to other well-defined patient groups. J Viral Hepat 7 (2000), 435–439.
    • (2000) J Viral Hepat , vol.7 , pp. 435-439
    • Krarup, H.B.1    Møller, J.M.2    Christensen, P.B.3
  • 76
    • 77956581747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 and the risk of severe liver disease in a large population of drug users in France
    • [76] Larsen, C., Bousquet, V., Delarocque-Astagneau, E., et al. Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 and the risk of severe liver disease in a large population of drug users in France. J Med Virol 82 (2010), 1647–1654.
    • (2010) J Med Virol , vol.82 , pp. 1647-1654
    • Larsen, C.1    Bousquet, V.2    Delarocque-Astagneau, E.3
  • 77
    • 4444350922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotype among injection drug users: a highly dynamic process
    • [Author reply 200-1]
    • [77] Schroter, M., Zollner, B., Laufs, R., Feucht, H.H., Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotype among injection drug users: a highly dynamic process. J Infect Dis 190 (2004), 1199–1200 [Author reply 200-1].
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.190 , pp. 1199-1200
    • Schroter, M.1    Zollner, B.2    Laufs, R.3    Feucht, H.H.4
  • 78
    • 33749836362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing serological status and low vaccination-induced protection rates against hepatitis B characterize chronic hepatitis C virus-infected injecting drug users in Greece: need for immunization policy
    • [78] Elefsiniotis, I.S., Pantazis, K.D., Ketikoglou, I.D., Koutsounas, S.I., Tsianos, E.V., Changing serological status and low vaccination-induced protection rates against hepatitis B characterize chronic hepatitis C virus-infected injecting drug users in Greece: need for immunization policy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 (2006), 1227–1231.
    • (2006) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.18 , pp. 1227-1231
    • Elefsiniotis, I.S.1    Pantazis, K.D.2    Ketikoglou, I.D.3    Koutsounas, S.I.4    Tsianos, E.V.5
  • 80
    • 17144417208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C viral clearance in an intravenous drug-using cohort in the Dublin area
    • [80] Keating, S., Coughlan, S., Connell, J., Sweeney, B., Keenan, E., Hepatitis C viral clearance in an intravenous drug-using cohort in the Dublin area. Ir J Med Sci 174 (2005), 37–41.
    • (2005) Ir J Med Sci , vol.174 , pp. 37-41
    • Keating, S.1    Coughlan, S.2    Connell, J.3    Sweeney, B.4    Keenan, E.5
  • 81
    • 84865565157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection among drug addicts in Italy
    • [81] Stroffolini, T., D'Egidio, P.F., Aceti, A., et al. Hepatitis C virus infection among drug addicts in Italy. J Med Virol 84 (2012), 1608–1612.
    • (2012) J Med Virol , vol.84 , pp. 1608-1612
    • Stroffolini, T.1    D'Egidio, P.F.2    Aceti, A.3
  • 82
    • 85027917676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMI, male sex and IL28B genotype associated with persistently high hepatitis C virus RNA levels among chronically infected drug users up to 23 years following seroconversion
    • [82] Grady, B.P., Prins, M., Rebers, S., Molenkamp, R., Geskus, R.B., Schinkel, J., BMI, male sex and IL28B genotype associated with persistently high hepatitis C virus RNA levels among chronically infected drug users up to 23 years following seroconversion. J Viral Hepat 22 (2015), 263–271.
    • (2015) J Viral Hepat , vol.22 , pp. 263-271
    • Grady, B.P.1    Prins, M.2    Rebers, S.3    Molenkamp, R.4    Geskus, R.B.5    Schinkel, J.6
  • 83
    • 79951521752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus subtypes circulating among intravenous drug users in Lisbon, Portugal
    • [83] Calado, R.A., Rocha, M.R., Parreira, R., Piedade, J., Venenno, T., Esteves, A., Hepatitis C virus subtypes circulating among intravenous drug users in Lisbon, Portugal. J Med Virol 83 (2011), 608–615.
    • (2011) J Med Virol , vol.83 , pp. 608-615
    • Calado, R.A.1    Rocha, M.R.2    Parreira, R.3    Piedade, J.4    Venenno, T.5    Esteves, A.6
  • 84
    • 0038729595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of age and date of infection on distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes and fibrosis stage
    • [84] Serra, M.A., Rodríguez, F., del Olmo, J.A., Escudero, A., Rodrigo, J.M., Influence of age and date of infection on distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes and fibrosis stage. J Viral Hepat 10 (2003), 183–188.
    • (2003) J Viral Hepat , vol.10 , pp. 183-188
    • Serra, M.A.1    Rodríguez, F.2    del Olmo, J.A.3    Escudero, A.4    Rodrigo, J.M.5
  • 85
    • 70849093826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C infection among injection drug users in Stockholm Sweden: prevalence and gender
    • [85] Lidman, C., Norden, L., Kåberg, M., et al. Hepatitis C infection among injection drug users in Stockholm Sweden: prevalence and gender. Scand J Infect Dis 41 (2009), 679–684.
    • (2009) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 679-684
    • Lidman, C.1    Norden, L.2    Kåberg, M.3
  • 86
    • 70449378943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of successful chronic hepatitis C case finding among patients receiving opioid maintenance treatment in a primary care setting
    • [86] Senn, O., Seidenberg, A., Rosemann, T., Determinants of successful chronic hepatitis C case finding among patients receiving opioid maintenance treatment in a primary care setting. Addiction 104 (2009), 2033–2038.
    • (2009) Addiction , vol.104 , pp. 2033-2038
    • Senn, O.1    Seidenberg, A.2    Rosemann, T.3
  • 87
    • 77955051727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the incidence, prevalence and genetic relatedness of hepatitis C infections among a community recruited sample of injecting drug users, using dried blood spots
    • [87] Hope, V.D., Hickman, M., Ngui, S.L., et al. Measuring the incidence, prevalence and genetic relatedness of hepatitis C infections among a community recruited sample of injecting drug users, using dried blood spots. J Viral Hepat 18 (2011), 262–270.
    • (2011) J Viral Hepat , vol.18 , pp. 262-270
    • Hope, V.D.1    Hickman, M.2    Ngui, S.L.3
  • 88
    • 84879149125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia
    • [88] Prasetyo, A.A., Dirgahayu, P., Sari, Y., Hudiyono, H., Kageyama, S., Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia. J Infect Dev Ctries 7 (2013), 453–467.
    • (2013) J Infect Dev Ctries , vol.7 , pp. 453-467
    • Prasetyo, A.A.1    Dirgahayu, P.2    Sari, Y.3    Hudiyono, H.4    Kageyama, S.5
  • 89
    • 67649989071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the entry routes of hepatitis C virus as a surrogate of HIV in an HIV-low prevalence country, the Philippines
    • [89] Kageyama, S., Agdamag, D.M., Alesna, E.T., et al. Tracking the entry routes of hepatitis C virus as a surrogate of HIV in an HIV-low prevalence country, the Philippines. J Med Virol 81 (2009), 1157–1162.
    • (2009) J Med Virol , vol.81 , pp. 1157-1162
    • Kageyama, S.1    Agdamag, D.M.2    Alesna, E.T.3
  • 90
    • 48249100419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among intravenous drug users in Korea
    • [90] Yun, H., Kim, D., Kim, S., et al. High prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among intravenous drug users in Korea. J Med Virol 80 (2008), 1570–1575.
    • (2008) J Med Virol , vol.80 , pp. 1570-1575
    • Yun, H.1    Kim, D.2    Kim, S.3
  • 91
    • 77956587634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple routes of hepatitis C virus transmission among injection drug users in Hai Phong, Northern Vietnam
    • [91] Tanimoto, T., Nguyen, H.C., Ishizaki, A., et al. Multiple routes of hepatitis C virus transmission among injection drug users in Hai Phong, Northern Vietnam. J Med Virol 82 (2010), 1355–1363.
    • (2010) J Med Virol , vol.82 , pp. 1355-1363
    • Tanimoto, T.1    Nguyen, H.C.2    Ishizaki, A.3
  • 92
    • 84878256022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C genotype distribution and homology among geographically disparate injecting drug users in Afghanistan
    • [92] Sanders-Buell, E., Rutvisuttinunt, W., Todd, C.S., et al. Hepatitis C genotype distribution and homology among geographically disparate injecting drug users in Afghanistan. J Med Virol 85 (2013), 1170–1179.
    • (2013) J Med Virol , vol.85 , pp. 1170-1179
    • Sanders-Buell, E.1    Rutvisuttinunt, W.2    Todd, C.S.3
  • 93
    • 84897068398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission dynamics of hepatitis C virus among intra venous drug users in the border state of Manipur, India
    • [93] Saha, K., Firdaus, R., Biswas, A., et al. Transmission dynamics of hepatitis C virus among intra venous drug users in the border state of Manipur, India. Infect Genet Evol 24 (2014), 57–67.
    • (2014) Infect Genet Evol , vol.24 , pp. 57-67
    • Saha, K.1    Firdaus, R.2    Biswas, A.3
  • 94
    • 84901207720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining hepatitis C virus genotype distribution among high-risk groups in Iran using real-time PCR
    • [94] Jamalidoust, M., Namayandeh, M., Asaei, S., Aliabadi, N., Ziyaeyan, M., Determining hepatitis C virus genotype distribution among high-risk groups in Iran using real-time PCR. World J Gastroenterol 20 (2014), 5897–5902.
    • (2014) World J Gastroenterol , vol.20 , pp. 5897-5902
    • Jamalidoust, M.1    Namayandeh, M.2    Asaei, S.3    Aliabadi, N.4    Ziyaeyan, M.5
  • 95
    • 1842333861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection with GB virus C and hepatitis C virus in drug addicts, patients on maintenance hemodialysis, or with chronic liver disease in Nepal
    • [95] Shrestha, S.M., Shrestha, S., Tsuda, F., et al. Infection with GB virus C and hepatitis C virus in drug addicts, patients on maintenance hemodialysis, or with chronic liver disease in Nepal. J Med Virol 53 (1997), 157–161.
    • (1997) J Med Virol , vol.53 , pp. 157-161
    • Shrestha, S.M.1    Shrestha, S.2    Tsuda, F.3
  • 96
    • 79961168165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active hepatitis C infection and HCV genotypes prevalent among the IDUs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
    • [96] ur Rehman, L., Ullah, I., Ali, I., et al. Active hepatitis C infection and HCV genotypes prevalent among the IDUs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Virol J, 8, 2011, 327.
    • (2011) Virol J , vol.8 , pp. 327
    • ur Rehman, L.1    Ullah, I.2    Ali, I.3
  • 97
    • 42649083676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of hepatitis C virus natural recombinant RF1_2k/1b strain among intravenous drug users in Uzbekistan
    • [97] Kurbanov, F., Tanaka, Y., Avazova, D., et al. Detection of hepatitis C virus natural recombinant RF1_2k/1b strain among intravenous drug users in Uzbekistan. Hepatol Res 38 (2008), 457–464.
    • (2008) Hepatol Res , vol.38 , pp. 457-464
    • Kurbanov, F.1    Tanaka, Y.2    Avazova, D.3
  • 98
    • 79952079728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon
    • [98] Sawada, L., Pinheiro, A.C., Locks, D., et al. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 44 (2011), 8–12.
    • (2011) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop , vol.44 , pp. 8-12
    • Sawada, L.1    Pinheiro, A.C.2    Locks, D.3
  • 99
    • 84922245584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada
    • [99] Jacka, B., Applegate, T., Krajden, M., et al. Phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Hepatology 60 (2014), 1571–1580.
    • (2014) Hepatology , vol.60 , pp. 1571-1580
    • Jacka, B.1    Applegate, T.2    Krajden, M.3
  • 100
    • 84863524863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HCV RNA levels in a multiethnic cohort of injection drug users: human genetic, viral and demographic associations
    • [100] Uccellini, L., Tseng, F.C., Monaco, A., et al. HCV RNA levels in a multiethnic cohort of injection drug users: human genetic, viral and demographic associations. Hepatology 56 (2012), 86–94.
    • (2012) Hepatology , vol.56 , pp. 86-94
    • Uccellini, L.1    Tseng, F.C.2    Monaco, A.3
  • 101
    • 6944219957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in a social network of injection drug users
    • [101] Aitken, C.K., McCaw, R.F., Bowden, D.S., et al. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in a social network of injection drug users. J Infect Dis 190 (2004), 1586–1595.
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.190 , pp. 1586-1595
    • Aitken, C.K.1    McCaw, R.F.2    Bowden, D.S.3
  • 102
    • 74549193866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users attending therapy programs in Cyprus
    • [102] Demetriou, V.L., van de Vijver, D.A., Hezka, J., Kostrikis, L.G., Network, C.I., Hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users attending therapy programs in Cyprus. J Med Virol 82 (2010), 263–270.
    • (2010) J Med Virol , vol.82 , pp. 263-270
    • Demetriou, V.L.1    van de Vijver, D.A.2    Hezka, J.3    Kostrikis, L.G.4    Network, C.I.5
  • 103
    • 77952032782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among injecting drug users in Lebanon
    • [103] Mahfoud, Z., Kassak, K., Kreidieh, K., Shamra, S., Ramia, S., Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among injecting drug users in Lebanon. Virol J, 7, 2010, 96.
    • (2010) Virol J , vol.7 , pp. 96
    • Mahfoud, Z.1    Kassak, K.2    Kreidieh, K.3    Shamra, S.4    Ramia, S.5
  • 104
    • 84857789090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis C virus infection in libyan patients
    • [104] Alashek, W., Altagdi, M., Risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis C virus infection in libyan patients. Libyan J Med 3 (2008), 162–165.
    • (2008) Libyan J Med , vol.3 , pp. 162-165
    • Alashek, W.1    Altagdi, M.2
  • 105
    • 84899552765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The “hidden” epidemic: a snapshot of Moroccan intravenous drug users
    • [105] Trimbitas, R.D., Serghini, F.Z., Lazaar, F., et al. The “hidden” epidemic: a snapshot of Moroccan intravenous drug users. Virol J, 11, 2014, 43.
    • (2014) Virol J , vol.11 , pp. 43
    • Trimbitas, R.D.1    Serghini, F.Z.2    Lazaar, F.3
  • 106
    • 68049115589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular detection of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and torque teno viruses in drug users in Saudi Arabia
    • [106] Alzahrani, A.J., Dela Cruz, D.M., Obeid, O.E., Bukhari, H.A., Al-Qahtani, A.A., Al-Ahdal, M.N., Molecular detection of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and torque teno viruses in drug users in Saudi Arabia. J Med Virol 81 (2009), 1343–1347.
    • (2009) J Med Virol , vol.81 , pp. 1343-1347
    • Alzahrani, A.J.1    Dela Cruz, D.M.2    Obeid, O.E.3    Bukhari, H.A.4    Al-Qahtani, A.A.5    Al-Ahdal, M.N.6
  • 107
    • 58949085463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and its genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya
    • [107] Muasya, T., Lore, W., Yano, K., et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and its genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya. East Afr Med J 85 (2008), 318–325.
    • (2008) East Afr Med J , vol.85 , pp. 318-325
    • Muasya, T.1    Lore, W.2    Yano, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.