Stalin and the question of soviet genocide

Political Violence Belief, Behavior, and Legitimation

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 39-47

  Naimark, Norman M ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84994745815     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230616240     Document Type: Chapter

References (30)

1. Robert Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine (New York, 1986), p. 3.
2. Stephane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, et al., eds., The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Mark Kramer (Cambridge, MA, 1999), p. 9.
3. Robert Conquest, Reflections on a Ravaged Century (New York, 2000), p. xii.
4. Richard Evens, In Hitler’s Shadow: West German Historians’ Attempts to Escape from the Nazi Past (London, 1989), p. 88.
5. Saul Friedländer, The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945 (New York, 2007), p. 38.
6. Norman M. Naimark, Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in 20th Century Europe (Cambridge, MA, 2001), pp. 81-84.
7. William A. Schabas, Genocide in International Law: The Crimes of Crimes (Cambridge, 2000), p. 9.
8. Michael Mann, The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge, 2005), p. 17
9. Jacques Semelin, Purify and Destroy: The Political Uses of Massacre and Genocide (London, 2007), pp. 316-20.
10. Eric D. Weitz, A Century of Genocide: Utopias of Race and Nation (Princeton, 2003), p. 100-01.
11. Bernd Bonwetsch, “Der GULAG und die Frage des Völkermords,” in Jörg Baberowski, ed., Moderne Zeiten ? Krieg, Revolution und Gewalt im 20. Jahrhundert (Göttingen, Germany, 2006), p. 9.
12. Raphael Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government Proposals for Redress (Washington, D.C., 1944), p. 79.
13. Robert Conquest, The Dragons of Expectation: Reality and Delusion in the Course of History (New York, 2005), pp. 59-61.
14. Giles MacDonogh, After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation (New York, 1997), pp. 432-33.
15. Nehemiah Robinson, The Genocide Convention: A Commentary (New York, 1960), pp. 17-18.
16. Nehemiah Robinson, The Genocide Convention: A Commentary (New York, 1960), pp. 17-18.
17. M. N. Andriukhin, Genotsid-tiagchasheeprestuplenieprotiv chelovechestva (Moscow, 1961), pp. 72-93.
18. Jörg Baberowski, Der Rote Terror: Die Geschichte des Stalinismus (Munich, 2003), p. 126.
19. Mark Levene, Genocide in the Age of the Nation State, vol. 1 (The Meaning of Genocide) (London, 2005), p. 80.
20. Oleg V. Khlevniuk, The History of the Gulag: From Collectivization to the Great Terror, trans Vadim A. Staklo (New Haven, CT, 2004), pp. 140, 166.
21. Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment (New York, 1990), pp. 484-89.
22. Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment (New York, 1990), p. 486.
23. Terry Martin, “The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing,” Journal of Modern History. 70, no. 4 (December 1998): 857.
24. Hiroaki Kuromiya, Stalin: Profiles in Power (Harlow, UK, 2005), p. 103
25. Nicholas Werth, “Strategies of Violence in the Stalinist USSR,” Henry Russo, ed., Stalinism and Nazism: History and Memory Compared, trans. Lucy B. Golsan, et al., (Lincoln, NE, 2004), p. 80.
26. Terry Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 (Ithaca, NY, 2001), p. 301.
27. Norman M. Naimark, “Srebrenica in the History of Genocide,” to be published in the series Memory and Narrative, eds. Mary Chamberlain and Selma Leydesdorff (New Brunswick, NJ, 2008).
28. Richard Pipes, ed., The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive (New Haven, CT, 1996), pp. 1, 8, 11.
29. Jörg Baberowski and Anselm Doering-Manteuffel, Ordnung durch Terror: Gewaltexzesse und Vernichtung im nationalsozialistischen und im stalinistischen Imperium (Bonn, Germany, 2006), pp. 15-19.
30. Paul Hollander, ed., From the Gulag to the Killing Fields: Personal Accounts of Political Violence and Repression in Communist States (Wilmington, DE, 2006), pp. 20-24