Life on the Ocean Wave: Testing Some Intergroup Hypotheses in a Naturalistic Setting

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 81-97

  Brown, Rupert ^a   Maras, Pam ^b   Masser, Barbara ^c   Vivian, James ^d   Hewstone, Miles ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^d Hampden County Correctional Centre   (United States)

^e CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

contact; intergroup relations; realistic group conflict; social identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993734300     PISSN: 13684302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1368430201004002001     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Abrams, D., & Hogg, M.A. (1990). Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
2. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
3. Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59-73.
4. Bettencourt, B. A., Brewer, M. B., Croak, M. R., & Miller, N. (1992). Cooperation and the reduction of intergroup bias: The role of reward structure and social orientation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 301-309.
5. Bettencourt, A., Charlton, K., & Kernaham, C. (1997). Numerical representation of groups in co-operative settings: Social orientation effects on ingroup bias. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 630-659.
6. Billig, M. (1976). Social psychology and intergroup relations. London: Academic Press.
7. Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
8. Brewer, M. B., & Campbell, D. T. (1976). Ethnocentrism and intergroup attitudes: East African evidence. New York: Sage.
9. Brewer, M. B., & Miller, N. (1984). Beyond the contact hypothesis: Theoretical perspectives on desegregation. In N. Miller & M. Brewer (Eds.), Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation (pp. 281-302). New York: Academic Press.
10. Brown, R. (1998). Intergroup relations: A field with a short history but a long future. In J. G. Adair, D. Belanger, & K. L. Dion (Eds.), Advances in psychological science (Vol. 1, pp. 73-91). Hove, Sussex: Psychology Press.
11. Brown, R. (2000a). Group processes: Dynamics within and between groups (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
12. Brown, R. (2000b). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology 30, 745-778.
13. Brown, R. J., Condor, S., Mathews, A., Wade, G., & Williams, J. A. (1986). Explaining intergroup differentiation in an industrial organisation. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 59, 273-286.
14. Brown, R., Hinkle, S., Ely, P. G., Fox-Cardamone, L., Maras, P., & Taylor, L. A. (1992). Recognising group diversity: Individualist-collectivist and autonomous-relational social orientations and their implications for intergroup process. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 327-342.
15. Brown, R. J., Vivian J., & Hewstone, M. (1999). Changing attitudes through intergroup contact: The effects of group membership salience. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 741-764.
16. Capozza, D., & Brown, R. (Eds.) (2000). Social identity processes: Progress in theory and research. London: Sage.
17. Dollard, J., Doob, L. W., Miller, N. E., Mowrer, O. K., & Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
18. Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and variability. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 410-436.
19. Duckitt, J., & Mphuthing, T. (1998). Group identification and intergroup attitudes: A longitudinal analysis in South Africa. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 80-85.
20. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1997). Sticking together or falling apart: In-group identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 617-626.
21. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (Eds.). (1999). Social identity. Oxford: Blackwell.
22. Ellemers, N., Wilke, H., & Van Knippenberg, A. (1993). Effects of the legitimacy of the low group or individual status as individual and collective status-enhancement strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 766-778.
23. Esses, V. M., Jackson, L. M., & Armstrong, T. L. (1998). Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 699-724.
24. Gaertner, S., & Dovidio, J. F. (2000). Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Hove, Sussex: Psychology Press.
25. Gaertner, S., Dovidio, J. F., Anastasio, P. A., Bachevan, B. A., & Rust, M. C. (1993). The common ingroup identity model: Recategorization and the reduction of intergroup bias. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 4). Chichester: Wiley.
26. Gonzalez, R., & Brown, R. (1999). The role of categorization, group status and group size in mediating inter-nation attitudes in the European Union. Paper presented to the BPS Social Psychology Section Conference, Lancaster, September.
27. Greenland, K., & Brown, R. (1999). Categorization and intergroup anxiety in contact between British and Japanese nationals. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 503-522.
28. Greenland, K., & Brown, R. (2000). Categorisation and intergroup anxiety in intergroup contact. In D. Capozza & R. Brown (Eds.), Social identity processes: Progress in theory and research (pp. 167-183). London: Sage.
29. Hewstone, M.R.C., & Brown, R. J. (1986). Contact is not enough: An intergroup perspective on the contact hypothesis. In M. R. C. Hewstone & R. J. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 1-44). Oxford: Blackwell.
30. Hinkle, S., & Brown, R. (1990). Intergroup comparisons and social identity: Some links and lacunae. In D. Abrams & M. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances (pp. 48-70). Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
31. Islam, M. R., & Hewstone, M. (1993). Dimensions of contract as predictors of intergroup anxiety, perceived outgroup variability and outgroup attitude: An integrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 700-710.
32. Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1997). Strength of identification and intergroup differentiation: The influence of group norms. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 603-609.
33. Miller, N., Brewer, M. B., and Edwards, K. (1985). Cooperative interaction in desegregated settings: A laboratory analogue. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 63-79.
34. Mummendey, A., Klink, A., & Brown, R. (in press). Nationalism and patriotism: National identification and outgroup rejection. British Journal of Social Psychology.
35. Mummendey, A., & Otten, S. (1998). Positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 107-143). Chichester: Wiley.
36. Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Oxford: Blackwell.
37. Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
38. Sears, D. O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow database on social psychology’s view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 515-530.
39. Sherif, M. (1966). Group conflict and cooperation. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
40. Stephan, W., & Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157-175.
41. Struch, N., & Schwartz, S. H. (1989). Intergroup aggression: Its predictors and distinctness from in-group bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 364-373.
42. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). An integrative theory of social conflict. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall.
43. Turner, J. C. (1981). The experimental social psychology of intergroup behaviour. In J. C. Turner & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup behaviour (pp. 66-101). Oxford: Blackwell.
44. Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self categorization theories. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity (pp. 6-34). Oxford: Blackwell.
45. Turner, J. C., & Brown, R. J. (1978). Social status, cognitive alternatives, and intergroup relations. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 201-234). London: Academic Press.
46. Van Oudenhouven, J. P., Groenewoud, J.T., & Hewstone, M. (1996). Co-operation, ethnic salience and generalization of inter ethnic attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 649-662.
47. Vivian, J., Hewstone, M., & Brown, R. (1997). Intergroup contact: Theoretical and empirical developments. In R. Ben-Ari & Y. Rich (Eds.), Understanding and enhancing education for diverse students: An international perspective (pp. 13-46). Ramat Gan: University of Bar Ilan Press.
48. Wilder, D. A., & Shapiro, P. N. (1989). Role of competition induced anxiety in limiting the beneficial impact of positive behavior by an outgroup member. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 60-69.