Facing the elements: Analysing trends in Antarctic tourism

Tourism Review

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 15-27

  Lamers, Machiel ^a   Amelung, Bas ^a   Haase, Daniela ^b  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Antarctica; Tourism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84992944173     PISSN: 16605373     EISSN: 17598451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/16605370810861017     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Amelung, B. and Lamers, M. (2006), “Scenario development for antarctic tourism: exploring the uncertainties”, Polarforschung, Vol. 75 Nos 2-3, pp. 133-9.
2. ASOC (2006), “Strategic issues posed by commercial tourism in the Antarctic treaty area”, Information paper (IP120) presented by the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXIX, Edinburgh, available at: www.asoc.org-what_tourism.htm
3. ASOC (2007), “The case against tourism landings from ships carrying more than 500 passengers”, Information paper (IP79) presented by the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting 30, New Delhi, available at: www.asoc.org-what_tourism.htm
4. ATS (2004), “Final report of the twenty-seventh Antarctic treaty consultative meeting”, ATS, Cape Town, available at: www.ats.aq
5. ATS (2005), “Final report of the twenty-eight Antarctic treaty consultative meeting”, Stockholm, available at: www.ats.aq
6. Bastmeijer, C. (2003), “Tourism in Antarctica: increasing diversity and the legal criteria for authorisation”, New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 7, pp. 85-118.
7. Bastmeijer, C. and Roura, R. (2004), “Regulating Antarctic tourism and the precautionary principle”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 98 No. 4, pp. 763-81.
8. Bastmeijer, C. and Roura, R. (2007), “Environmental impact assessment in Antarctica”, in Bastmeijer, C. and Koivurova, T. (Eds), Theory and Practice of Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment, Martinus Nijhof, Den Haag.
9. Beck, P.J. (1990), “Regulating one of the last tourism frontiers: Antarctica”, Applied Geography, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 243-356.
10. Beck, P.J. (1994), “Managing Antarctic tourism: a front-burner issue”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 375-86.
11. Bertram, E., Muir, S. and Stonehouse, B. (2007), “Gateway ports in the development of Antarctic tourism”, in Snyder, J. and Stonehouse, B. (Eds), Prospects for Polar Tourism, CABI, Wallingford.
12. Boyd, S. and Butler, R. (1996), “Managing ecotourism: an opportunity spectrum approach”, Tourism Management, Vol. 1 No. 8, pp. 557-66.
13. Budget Travel Online (2005), “The 10 big trends in cruise ship vacations”, available at: http://budgettravelonline.com-bt-dyn-content-article-2005-06-04-AR2005060400670_2.html
14. Butler, R. and Waldbrook, L. (1991), “A new planning tool: the tourism opportunity spectrum”, Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 1-14.
15. Cessford, G. (1997), “Antarctic tourism: a frontier for wilderness management”, International Journal of Wilderness, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 7-11.
16. Clark, R.N. and Stankey, G.H. (1979), “The recreation opportunity spectrum: a framework for planning, management, and research”, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, US Department of Agriculture and Forest Service.
17. COMNAP (2004), “Information paper on the interaction between national antarctic programs and non-government and tourism operations”, paper ATME#25 presented by the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes at the Antarctic Treaty Meeting of Experts on Tourism and Non-governmental Activities, Tromso.
18. Crosbie, K. (2005), “Site guidelines analysis”, Information paper (IP81) presented by IAATO at the Antarctic Treaty Consultancy Meeting XXVIII, Stockholm, available at: www.iaato.org
19. Davis, P. (1999), “Beyond guidelines: a model for Antarctic tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 516-33.
20. De Poorter, M. (2000), “Tourism risks from an environmental perspective”, Proceedings of the Antarctic Tourism Workshop, Antarctica New Zealand, 23 June 2000, Christchurch.
21. Enzenbacher, D. (1993), “Tourists in Antarctica: numbers and trends”, Tourism Management, April, pp. 142-6.
22. Frenot, Y., Chown, S., Whinam, J., Selkirk, P., Convey, P. and Skonicki, M. (2005), “Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications”, Biological Review, Vol. 80, pp. 45-72.
23. Haase, D. and Lamers, M. (2006), “The future governance of Antarctic tourism”, workshop report ICIS-Gateway Antarctica, Maastricht-Christchurch.
24. Headland, R. (1994), “Historical development for Antarctic tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 269-80.
25. Headland, R. (forthcoming), Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
26. Hofman, R. and Jatko, J. (2000), “Assessment of the possible cumulative environmental impacts of commercial ship-based tourism in the Antarctic peninsula area”, Proceedings of a Workshop, La Jolla, California, 7-9 June 2000, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
27. IAATO (1997), “Overview of Antarctic tourism activities: a summary of 1996-1998 and five year projection 1997-2002”, Information Paper (IP75) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXI, Christchurch, available at: www.iaato.org
28. IAATO (1998), “Overview of Antarctic tourism activities”, Information paper (IP86) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXII, Tromso, available at: www.iaato.org
29. IAATO (1999), “Overview of Antarctic tourism activities”, Information paper (IP98) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXIII, Lima, available at: www.iaato.org
30. IAATO (2000), “Overview of Antarctic tourism”, Information paper (IP33) presented at the Special Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XII, The Hague, available at: www.iaato.org
31. IAATO (2001), “Overview of Antarctic tourism”, Information paper (IP73) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXIV, St Petersburg, available at: www.iaato.org
32. IAATO (2002), “Overview of tourism”, Information paper (IP73) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXV, Warsaw, available at: www.iaato.org
33. IAATO (2003), “IAATO overview of tourism”, Information paper (IP71) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXVI, Madrid, available at: www.iaato.org
34. IAATO (2004a), “Six year survey of the dominant tourist activities and trends since the ratification of the environmental protocol and a five year estimated forecast of upcoming activities”, Paper (ATME#11) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Meeting of Experts on Tourism and Non-governmental Activities, Tromso, available at: www.iaato.org
35. IAATO (2004b), “IAATO overview of Antarctic tourism 2003-2004 Antarctic season”, Information paper (IP63) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXVII, Cape Town, available at: www.iaato.org
36. IAATO (2005a), “IAATO overview of Antarctic tourism 2004-2005 Antarctic season”, paper presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXVIII, Stockholm, available at: www.iaato.org
37. IAATO (2005b), “Report of the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators”, paper presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXVIII, Stockholm, available at: www.iaato.org
38. IAATO (2006), “IAATO overview of Antarctic tourism 2005-2006 Antarctic season”, paper presented at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting XXIX 2006, Edinburgh, available at: www.iaato.org
39. IAATO (2007), “IAATO overview of Antarctic tourism 2006-2007 Antarctic season”, Information paper (IP121) presented at the 30 Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, New Delhi, available at: www.iaato.org
40. Kaltenborn, B. and Emmelin, L. (1993), “Tourism in the high north: management challenges and recreation opportunity spectrum planning in Svalbard, Norway”, Environmental Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 41-50.
41. Kriwoken, L.K. and Rootes, D. (2000), “Tourism on ice: environmental impact assessment of Antarctic tourism”, Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 138-50.
42. Lamers, M. and Amelung, B. (2006), “The future of tourism in Antarctica”, Workshop Report Maastricht University, ICIS, Maastricht.
43. Lamers, M. and Amelung, B. (2007), “The environmental impacts of tourism in Antarctica: a global perspective”, in Peeters, P. (Ed.), Tourism and Climate Change Mitigation: Methods, Greenhouse Gas Reductions and Policies, NHTV Academic Studies, Breda.
44. Lamers, M., Stel, J. and Amelung, B. (2007), “Antarctic adventure tourism and private expeditions”, in Snyder, J. and Stonehouse, B. (Eds), Prospects for Polar Tourism, CABI, Wallingford.
45. Landau, D. and Splettstoesser, J. (2007), “Antarctic tourism: what are the limits?”, in Snyder, J. and Stonehouse, B. (Eds), Prospects for Polar Tourism, CABI, Wallingford.
46. McKee, R. (2006), “South Georgia government update 2006”, paper presented at the 17th Annual General IAATO Meeting, Washington, DC.
47. Molenaar, E.J. (2005), “Sea-borne tourism in Antarctica: avenues for further intergovernmental regulation”, International Journal for Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 247-95.
48. Murray, C. and Jabour, J. (2004), “Independent expeditions and Antarctic tourism policy”, Polar Record, Vol. 40 No. 215, pp. 309-17.
49. Richardson, M. (2000), “Regulating tourism in the Antarctic: issues of environment and jurisdiction”, in Vidas, D. (Ed.), Implementing the Environmental Protection Regime for the Antarctic, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
50. Scott, S. (2001), “How cautious is precautious? Antarctic tourism and the precautionary principle”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 50, October, pp. 963-71.
51. Stonehouse, B. (1994), “Ecotourism in Antarctica”, in Cater, E. and Lowman, G. (Eds), Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option?, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
52. Tracey, P.J. (2001), “Managing Antarctic tourism”, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart.
53. United Kingdom (2004), “Tourism and self-regulation: a commentary on IAATO”, paper (ATME#04) presented at the Antarctic Treaty Meeting of Experts on Tourism and Non-governmental Activities, Tromso.
54. Vaughan, D.G., Marshall, G.J., Connolley, W.M., Parkinson, C., Mulvaney, R. and Hodgson, D.A. (2003), “Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula”, Climatic Change, Vol. 60, pp. 243-74.
55. WTO (2001), Tourism 2020 Vision: Global Forecasts and Profiles of Market Segments, Vol. 7, World Tourism Organisation, Madrid.