Safety Issues in the Interaction of Conventional, Complementary, and Alternative Health Care

Complementary Health Practice Review

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 3-31

  Curtis, Peter ^a   Gaylord, Susan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

CAM; integrative medicine; quality of care; review article; safety

Indexed keywords

EID: 84992905436     PISSN: 15332101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1533210105275144     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Alberti, K. G. M. M. (2001). Medical errors: a common problem. It is time to get serious about them. British Medical Journal, 322, 501-502.
2. Alleger, I. (1999). Cancer salves: A botanical approach to treatment. Townsend Letter Group. Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients, p. 142.
3. Angell, M. (2000a). Is academic medicine for sale? New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1516-1518.
4. Angell, M. (2000b). The pharmaceutical industry—To whom is it accountable? New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1902-1904.
5. Angell, M. (2004). The truth about drug companies: How they deceive us and what to do about it. New York: Random House.
6. Ang-Lee, M., Moss, J., & Yuan, C.-S. (2001). Herbal medicines and perioperative care. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 208-218.
7. Aronson, J. K. (Ed.). (1996). Side effects of drugs annual. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
8. Assendelft, W. J. J., Bouter, L. M., & Knipschild, P. G. (1996). Complications of spinal manipulation. Journal of Family Practice, 42, 475-480.
9. Astin, J. A. (1998). Why patients use alternative medicine: Results of a national study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279, 1548-1553.
10. Barnes, J., Mills, S. Y., Abbott, N. C., Willougby, M., & Ernst, E. (1998). Different standards for reporting ADRs to herbal remedies and conventional medicines: Face to face interviews with 515 users of herbal remedies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45, 496-500.
11. Bates, D. W., Cullen, D., Laird, N., Petersen, L. A., Small, S. D., Servi, D., et al. (1995). Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: Implications for prevention. Journal of the American Medical Association, 274, 29-34.
12. Blendon, R. J., Des Roches, C. M., Benson, J. M., Brodie, M., & Altman, D. E. (2001). Americans'views on the use and regulation of dietary supplements. Archives of Internal Medicine, 161, 805-810.
13. Blumenthal, M. (Ed.). (1998). The complete German Commission E monographs: Therapeutic guide to herbal medicines. Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications.
14. Burdock, G. A. (2000). Dietary supplements and lessons to be learned from GRAS. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 31 (1), 68-76.
15. Chassin, M., & Galvin, R. W. (1998). The urgent need to improve health care quality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280, 1000-1005.
16. Cohen, M. H. (2000). Beyond complementary medicine: Legal and ethical perspectives on health care and human evolution. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
17. Cohen, M. H., & Eisenberg, D. M. (2002). Potential physician malpractice liability associated with complementary and alternative medical therapies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136, 596-602.
18. Consumer Lab. (2002). Recalls and warnings.
19. Cui, J., Garle, M., Eneroth, P., & Bjorkhem, I. (1994). What do commercial ginseng preparations contain? Lancet, 344, 134-136.
20. DeSmet, P. (1999). The safety of herbal products. In W. B. Jonas & J. S. Levin (Eds.), Essentials of complementary and alternative medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
21. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. (1995). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved November 29, 2004.
22. Drug interactions with St. John's wort. (2000). Medical Letter, 6, 42.
23. Druss, B. G., Marcus, S. C., Olfson, M., Tanielian, T., & Pincus, H. A. (2003). Trends in care by nonphysician clinicians in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 130-137.
24. Eisenberg, D. M., Cohen, M. H., Hrbek, A., Grayzel, J., Van Rompay, M. I., & Cooper, R. A. (2002). Credentialing complementary and alternative medical providers. Annals of Internal Medicine, 137, 965-973.
25. Eisenberg, D. M., Davis, R. B., Ettner, S. L., Appel, S., Wilkey, S., Van Rompay, M., et al. (1998). Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997. Results of a followup national survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280, 1569-1575.
26. Eisenberg, D. M., Kessler, R. C., Foster, C., Norlock, F. E., Calkins, D. R., & Delbanco, T. L. (1993). Unconventional medicine in the United States: Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 246-252.
27. Eisenberg, D. M., Kessler, R. C., Van Rompay, M. I., Kaptchuk, T. J., Wilkey, S. A., Appel, S., et al. (2001). Perceptions about complementary therapies relative to conventional therapies among adults who use both: Results from a national survey. Annals of Internal Medicine, 135, 344-351.
28. Ernst, E. (1995). Competence in complementary medicine. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 3, 6-8.
29. Ernst, E. (Ed.). (2001a). The desktop guide to complementary and alternative medicine: An evidence-based approach. Edinburgh, UK: Mosby.
30. Ernst, E. (2001b). Informed consent in complementary and alternative medicine. Archives of Internal Medicine, 161, 2288-2292.
31. Ernst, E. (2001c). Prospective investigations into the safety of spinal manipulation. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 21, 238-242.
32. Ernst, E. (2002). The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: gingko, St. John's wort, ginseng, echinacea, saw palmetto, and kava. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136, 42-53.
33. Ernst, E., & Hentschel, C. H. (1995). Which craft is witchcraft? International Journal of Risk Safety, 7, 55-63.
34. Ernst, E., & Pittler, M. H. (2001). Assessment of therapeutic safety in systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 323, 546.
35. Ernst, E., & White, A. (1995). Homeopathy and immunization. British Journal of General Practice, 48, 629-630.
36. Ernst, E., & White, A. (1997). Life threatening adverse reactions after acupuncture. Pain, 71, 123-126.
37. Escher, M., Desmeules, E., Glostra, E., & Mentha, G. (2001). Hepatitis associated with kava, a herbal remedy for anxiety. British Medical Journal, 322, 1370.
38. Farah, M. H., Edwards, R., Lindquist, M., Leon, E., & Shaw, D. (2000). International monitoring of adverse health effects associated with herbal medicine. Pharmacoepidemiologic Drug Safety, 9, 105-112.
39. Food and Drug Administration. (2003a). Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) FDA proposal for dietary supplements, April 29 and May 6, 2003. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
40. Food and Drug Administration. (2003b). Dietary supplements: Adverse event reporting. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
41. Feifer, A. H., Fleshner, N. E., & Klotz, L. (2002). Analytic accuracy and reliability of commonly used nutritional supplements in prostate disease. Journal of Urology, 168, 150-154.
42. Fisher, E., & Welch, G. (1999). Avoiding the unintended consequences of growth in medical care: How might more be worse? Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 446-453.
43. Fontanarosa, P. B., Rennie, D., & DeAngelis, C. D. (2003). The need for regulation of dietary supplements: Lessons from ephedra. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 1568-1570.
44. French, S. D., Green, S., & Forbes, A. (2000). Reliability of chiropractic methods commonly used to detect manipulable lesions in patients with low back pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 23, 231-237.
45. Gandhi, T. K., Burstin, H. R., Cook, E. F., Puopolo, A.L., Haas, J. S., Brennan, T. A., et al. (2000). Drug complications in outpatients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15, 149-154.
46. Gardiner, P., Conboy, L., & Kemper, K. (2000). Herbs and adolescent girls: Avoiding the hazards of self-treatment. Contemporary Pediatrics, 17, 133-154.
47. Great Smokies Diagnostic Laboratory. (2004). Retrieved May 2004.
48. Haller, C. S. A., & Benowitz, N. L. (2000). Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. New England Journal of Medicine, 343, 1833-1838.
49. Health Canada Online. (2002, February 15). Health Canada warns public not to use Hua Fo. Retrieved May 2004.
50. Institute of Medicine. (2005). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
51. Itankar, P. R., Sakharkar, P. R., & Chandewar. (2001). Estimation of arsenic content in some Ayurvedic formulations. Hamdard Medicus, 19, 95-97.
52. Kauffman, R. E. (1995). Status of drug approval processes and regulation of medications for children. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 7, 195-198.
53. Kaufman, D. W., Kelly, J. P., Rosenberg, L., Anderson, T. E., & Mitchell, A. A. (2002). Recent patterns of medication use in the adult population of the United States. The Slone survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 337-344.
54. Klougart, N., Leboeuf-Yde, C., & Rasmussen, L. R. (1996). Safety in chiropractic practice: Part 1. The occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents after manipulation to the neck in Denmark from 1978-1988. Journal of Manipulative Physiological Therapy, 19, 371-377.
55. Kohn, L., Corrigan, J. J., & Donaldson, M. (Eds.). (1999). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press.
56. Kroll, D. J. (2003). The impact of newly proposed dietary supplement manufacturing guidelines on patient safety and clinical trials outcomes. Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 8, 302-306.
57. Lao, L., Hamilton, G., Fu, J., & Berman, B. (2003). Is acupuncture safe? Asystematic review of case reports. Alternative Therapy, 9, 72-83.
58. Lazarou, J., Pomeranz, B. H., & Corey, P. N. (1998). Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279, 1200-1205.
59. Lee, A. C., & Kemper, K. J. (2000). Homeopathy and naturopathy: Practice characteristics and pediatric care. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 73, 154-160.
60. Lewis, J. D., & Strom, B. L. (2002). Balancing safety of dietary supplements with the free market. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136, 616-618.
61. Lipsky, M. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2001). From idea to market: The drug approval process. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 14, 362-367.
62. Liu, E. H., Turner, L. M., Lin, S. X., Klaus, L., Choi, L. Y., & Whitworth, J. (2000). Use of alternative medicine by patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 120, 335-341.
63. Marcus, D. M., & Grollman, A. P. (2002). Botanical medications: The need for new regulations. New England Journal of Medicine, 247, 2073-2076.
64. Matthews, H. D., Lucier, G. W., & Fisher, K. D. (1999). Medicinal herbs in the United States: Research needs. Environmental Health Perspective, 107, 773-778.
65. McCormick, D., Himmelstein, D. U., Woolhandler, S., Wolfe, S. M., & Bor, D. H. (2002). Relationship between low quality of care scores and HMOs' subsequent public disclosure of quality of care scores. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 1484-1490.
66. Medical error [Special issue]. (2000). British Medical Journal, 320 (7237).
67. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. (2004). Retrieved May 2004 from http://www.mca.gov.uk.
68. Meeker, W. C., & Haldeman, S. (2002). Chiropractic: A profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136, 216-227.
69. Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2000). Optimizing safety. In S. Mills & K. Bone (Eds.), Principles and practice of phytotherapy (p. 103). Philadelphia: Harcourt.
70. Nadakavukaren, A. (2000). Our global environment: A health perspective (5th ed.). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
71. Najim, W. I., Seffinger, M. A., Mishra, S. I., Dickerson, V. M., Adams, A., Reinsch, S., et al. (2003). Content validity of manual spinal palpatory exams: A systematic review. Complementary Alternative Medicine, 3, 1.
72. Pew Foundation. (1995). Critical challenges: Revitalizing the health professions for the 21st century. Third report of the Pew Health Professions Commission. San Francisco: San Francisco Center for the Health Professions, University of California.
73. Pharmacist's Letter. (2001, May). 5, 17.
74. Rampes, H., & James, R. (1995). Complications of acupuncture. Acupuncture in Medicine, 8, 26-31.
75. Reinhardt, U. N. (1996). The economic and moral case for letting the market determine the health workforce. In M. Osterwiess, C. J. McLaughlin, H. R. Mannasse, Jr., & C. L. Hopper (Eds.), The U.S. health workforce: Power, politics and policy. Washington, DC: Association of Academic Health Centers.
76. Rock, R. C. (1994). Technical evaluation of laboratory studies. In D. A. Edsa Noe (Ed.), Laboratory medicine (pp. 15-26). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
77. Rodriguez, E. M., Staffa, J. A., & Graham, D. J. (2001). The role of databases in drug postmarketing surveillance. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 10, 407-410.
78. Schultz, V. (2000). Haufigkeit und klinische relevanz der interaktionen und nevben wirkungen von Hypericum preparaten. Perfusion, 13, 486-494.
79. Slifman, N. R., Obermeyer, W. R., Musser, S. M., Musser, S. M., Correll, W. A., Jr., Cichowicz, S. M., et al. (1998). Contamination of botanical dietary supplements by digitalis lanata. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 806-811.
80. Sox, H. C., (Ed.). (1996). Common diagnostic tests: Use and interpretation (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: American College of Physicians.
81. Starfield, B. (2000). Is US health really the best in theworld? Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 483-485.
82. Stevinson, C., Honan, W., Cooke, B., & Ernst, E. (2000). Neurological complications of cervical spine manipulations. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94, 107-110.
83. Straus, S. E. (2002). Herbal medicine: What's in the bottle? New England Journal of Medicine, 347, 1997-1998.
84. Studdert, D. M., Eisenberg, D. M., Miller, D. A., Curto, D. A., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Brennan, T. A. (1998). Medical malpractice implications of alternative medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280, 1610-1615.
85. Talaly, P., & Talaly, P. (2001). The importance of using scientific principles in the development of medicinal aspects of plants. Academic Medicine, 76, 238-247.
86. Valli, G., & Giardina, E. G. (2002). Benefits, adverse effects and drug interactions of herbal therapies with cardiovascular effects. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 39, 1083-1095.
87. Wang, W. F., Wen, K. C., & Shiao, M. (1997). Adulteration by synthetic therapeutic substances by traditional Chinese medicines in Taiwan. Clinical Pharmacology, 37, 334-350.
88. Wang, Z., Gorski, J. C., Hamman, M. A., Huang, S. M., Lesko, L. J., & Hall, S. D. (2001). The effects of St John's wort (Hepericum perforatum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Clinical Pharmacological Therapy, 70, 317-326.
89. White, A., Hayhoe, S., Hart, A., & Ernst, E. (2001). Adverse events following acupuncture: Prospective survey of 32,000 consultations with doctors and physiotherapists. British Medical Journal, 323, 485-486.
90. White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2002, March). Overview of CAM in the United States: Recent history, current status, and prospects for the future. Washington, DC: Author.
91. Wolfe, M. M., Lichtenstein, D. R., & Singh, G. (1999). Medical progress: Gastro-intestinal toxicity of non-steroidal drugs. New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 1888-1899.
92. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. (2002). Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 321-333.
93. York Nutritional Laboratories. (2004). Retrieved May 2004.
94. Zhang, G. G., Bausell, B., Lao, L., Handwerger, B., & Berman, B. M. (2003). Assessing the consistency of traditional Chinese medical diagnosis: An integrative approach. Alternative Therapy, 9, 66-71.