메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 310-319

Sinking rates of microplastics and potential implications of their alteration by physical, biological, and chemical factors

Author keywords

Biofouling; Carbon flux; Microplastics; Sinking rates; Weathering

Indexed keywords

CARBON; PLASTIC; WATER POLLUTANT;

EID: 84992317201     PISSN: 0025326X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.064     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (472)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0024483304 scopus 로고
    • Direct observations of the mass flocculation of diatom blooms: characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates
    • Alldredge, A.L., Gottschalk, C.C., Direct observations of the mass flocculation of diatom blooms: characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates. Deep Sea Res. Part A 36 (1988), 159–171.
    • (1988) Deep Sea Res. Part A , vol.36 , pp. 159-171
    • Alldredge, A.L.1    Gottschalk, C.C.2
  • 2
    • 79960417405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microplastics in the marine environment
    • Andrady, A.L., Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 62 (2011), 1596–1605.
    • (2011) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.62 , pp. 1596-1605
    • Andrady, A.L.1
  • 3
    • 0026416611 scopus 로고
    • Spectral sensitivity of polycarbonate to light-induced yellowing
    • Andrady, A., Fueki, K., Torikai, A., Spectral sensitivity of polycarbonate to light-induced yellowing. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 42 (1991), 2105–2107.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 2105-2107
    • Andrady, A.1    Fueki, K.2    Torikai, A.3
  • 4
    • 0019656166 scopus 로고
    • Measurements and analysis of settling velocities of natural quartz sand grains
    • Baba, J., Komar, P.D., Measurements and analysis of settling velocities of natural quartz sand grains. J. Sediment. Petrol. 51 (1981), 631–640.
    • (1981) J. Sediment. Petrol. , vol.51 , pp. 631-640
    • Baba, J.1    Komar, P.D.2
  • 5
    • 84893949790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of persistent organic pollutants by microplastics in estuarine conditions
    • Bakir, A., Rowland, S.J., Thompson, R.C., Transport of persistent organic pollutants by microplastics in estuarine conditions. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 140 (2014), 14–21.
    • (2014) Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. , vol.140 , pp. 14-21
    • Bakir, A.1    Rowland, S.J.2    Thompson, R.C.3
  • 6
    • 84870253086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive sorption of persistent organic pollutants onto microplastics in the marine environment
    • Bakir, A., Rowland, S.J., Thompson, R.C., Competitive sorption of persistent organic pollutants onto microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 64 (2012), 2782–2789.
    • (2012) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.64 , pp. 2782-2789
    • Bakir, A.1    Rowland, S.J.2    Thompson, R.C.3
  • 7
    • 84890288885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelled transport of benthic marine microplastic pollution in the Nazaré Canyon
    • Ballent, A., Pando, S., Purser, A., Juliano, M.F., Thomsen, L., Modelled transport of benthic marine microplastic pollution in the Nazaré Canyon. Biogeosciences 10 (2013), 7957–7970.
    • (2013) Biogeosciences , vol.10 , pp. 7957-7970
    • Ballent, A.1    Pando, S.2    Purser, A.3    Juliano, M.F.4    Thomsen, L.5
  • 8
    • 15244352096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drifting plastic and its consequences for sessile organism dispersal in the Atlantic Ocean
    • Barnes, D.K.A., Milner, P., Drifting plastic and its consequences for sessile organism dispersal in the Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol. 146 (2005), 815–825.
    • (2005) Mar. Biol. , vol.146 , pp. 815-825
    • Barnes, D.K.A.1    Milner, P.2
  • 9
    • 67650816298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments
    • Barnes, D.K.A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R.C., Barlaz, M., Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 364 (2009), 1985–1998.
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.364 , pp. 1985-1998
    • Barnes, D.K.A.1    Galgani, F.2    Thompson, R.C.3    Barlaz, M.4
  • 10
    • 78650228112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre
    • Boerger, C.M., Lattin, G.L., Moore, S.L., Moore, C.J., Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60 (2010), 2275–2278.
    • (2010) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.60 , pp. 2275-2278
    • Boerger, C.M.1    Lattin, G.L.2    Moore, S.L.3    Moore, C.J.4
  • 12
    • 77951845032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines
    • Browne, M.A., Galloway, T., Thompson, R.C., Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 (2010), 3404–3409.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 3404-3409
    • Browne, M.A.1    Galloway, T.2    Thompson, R.C.3
  • 13
    • 46849084110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.)
    • Browne, M.A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T., Lowe, D.M., Thompson, R.C., Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.). Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008), 5026–5031.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 5026-5031
    • Browne, M.A.1    Dissanayake, A.2    Galloway, T.3    Lowe, D.M.4    Thompson, R.C.5
  • 14
    • 0001376883 scopus 로고
    • Distinction des galets marins et fluviatiles
    • Cailleux, A., Distinction des galets marins et fluviatiles. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 15 (1945), 375–404.
    • (1945) Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. , vol.15 , pp. 375-404
    • Cailleux, A.1
  • 15
  • 18
    • 81855193977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review
    • Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., Galloway, T.S., Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 62 (2011), 2588–2597.
    • (2011) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.62 , pp. 2588-2597
    • Cole, M.1    Lindeque, P.2    Halsband, C.3    Galloway, T.S.4
  • 20
    • 77952955204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mechanical and chemical processes on the degradation of plastic beach debris on the island of Kauai, Hawaii
    • Cooper, D.A., Corcoran, P.L., Effects of mechanical and chemical processes on the degradation of plastic beach debris on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60 (2010), 650–654.
    • (2010) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.60 , pp. 650-654
    • Cooper, D.A.1    Corcoran, P.L.2
  • 23
    • 79959704560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plastic ingestion by mesopelagic fishes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre
    • Davison, P., Asch, R.G., Plastic ingestion by mesopelagic fishes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 432 (2011), 173–180.
    • (2011) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.432 , pp. 173-180
    • Davison, P.1    Asch, R.G.2
  • 24
    • 84892747849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments from Norderney
    • Dekiff, J.H., Remy, D., Klasmeier, J., Fries, E., Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments from Norderney. Environ. Pollut. 186 (2014), 248–256.
    • (2014) Environ. Pollut. , vol.186 , pp. 248-256
    • Dekiff, J.H.1    Remy, D.2    Klasmeier, J.3    Fries, E.4
  • 25
    • 0036754217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review
    • Derraik, J.G.B., The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44 (2002), 842–852.
    • (2002) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.44 , pp. 842-852
    • Derraik, J.G.B.1
  • 26
    • 85027944554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ingestion of microplastics by zooplankton in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
    • Desforges, J.P., Galbraith, M., Ross, P.S., Ingestion of microplastics by zooplankton in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 69 (2015), 320–330.
    • (2015) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.69 , pp. 320-330
    • Desforges, J.P.1    Galbraith, M.2    Ross, P.S.3
  • 27
    • 0020330877 scopus 로고
    • Settling velocity of natural particles
    • Dietrich, W.E., Settling velocity of natural particles. Water Resour. Res. 18:6 (1982), 1615–1626.
    • (1982) Water Resour. Res. , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 1615-1626
    • Dietrich, W.E.1
  • 28
    • 68049110325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of heavy metals and halogens in plastics from electric and electronic waste
    • Dimitrakakis, E., Janz, A., Bilitewski, B., Gidarakos, E., Determination of heavy metals and halogens in plastics from electric and electronic waste. Waste Manag. 29:10 (2009), 2700–2706.
    • (2009) Waste Manag. , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 2700-2706
    • Dimitrakakis, E.1    Janz, A.2    Bilitewski, B.3    Gidarakos, E.4
  • 29
    • 25844448640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in beached resin pellets: variability among individual particles and regional differences
    • Endo, S., Takizawa, R., Okuda, K., Takada, H., Chiba, K., Kanehiro, H., Ogi, H., Yamashita, R., Date, T., Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in beached resin pellets: variability among individual particles and regional differences. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50 (2005), 1103–1114.
    • (2005) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.50 , pp. 1103-1114
    • Endo, S.1    Takizawa, R.2    Okuda, K.3    Takada, H.4    Chiba, K.5    Kanehiro, H.6    Ogi, H.7    Yamashita, R.8    Date, T.9
  • 31
    • 1542471967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new extended Gibbs thermodynamic potential of seawater
    • Feistel, R., A new extended Gibbs thermodynamic potential of seawater. Prog. Oceanogr. 58:1 (2003), 43–114.
    • (2003) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-114
    • Feistel, R.1
  • 32
    • 0030795269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaotic dynamics of falling disks
    • Field, S.B., Klaus, M., Moore, M.G., Nori, F., Chaotic dynamics of falling disks. Nature 388 (1997), 252–254.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 252-254
    • Field, S.B.1    Klaus, M.2    Moore, M.G.3    Nori, F.4
  • 33
    • 84883253078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine litter within the European marine strategy framework directive
    • Galgani, F., Hanke, G., Werner, S., de Vrees, L., Marine litter within the European marine strategy framework directive. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 70:6 (2013), 1055–1064.
    • (2013) ICES J. Mar. Sci. , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 1055-1064
    • Galgani, F.1    Hanke, G.2    Werner, S.3    de Vrees, L.4
  • 35
    • 84893636858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stationary sinking velocity of authigenic manganese oxides at pelagic redoxclines
    • (76-74)
    • Glockzin, M., Pollehne, F., Dellwig, O., Stationary sinking velocity of authigenic manganese oxides at pelagic redoxclines. Mar. Chem., 160, 2014 (76-74).
    • (2014) Mar. Chem. , vol.160
    • Glockzin, M.1    Pollehne, F.2    Dellwig, O.3
  • 36
    • 33750169148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particles in Water - Properties and Processes
    • Taylor & Francis Group London, New York (173 p.)
    • Gregory, J., Particles in Water - Properties and Processes. 2006, Taylor & Francis Group, London, New York (173 p.).
    • (2006)
    • Gregory, J.1
  • 37
    • 84907441171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid bacterial colonization low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms
    • Harrison, J.P., Schratzberger, M., Sapp, M., Osborn, A.M., Rapid bacterial colonization low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms. BMC Microbiol., 14, 2014, 232.
    • (2014) BMC Microbiol. , vol.14 , pp. 232
    • Harrison, J.P.1    Schratzberger, M.2    Sapp, M.3    Osborn, A.M.4
  • 38
    • 80053910109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adsorption of trace metals to plastic resin pellets in the marine environment
    • Holmes, L.A., Turner, A., Thompson, R.C., Adsorption of trace metals to plastic resin pellets in the marine environment. Environ. Pollut. 160 (2012), 42–48.
    • (2012) Environ. Pollut. , vol.160 , pp. 42-48
    • Holmes, L.A.1    Turner, A.2    Thompson, R.C.3
  • 39
    • 0040077390 scopus 로고
    • Flash photochemical studies of polycarbonate and related model compounds, photodegradation vs. photo-fries rearrangement
    • Humphrey, J.S., Shultz, A.R., Jacquiss, D.B.G., Flash photochemical studies of polycarbonate and related model compounds, photodegradation vs. photo-fries rearrangement. Macromolecules 6 (1973), 305–314.
    • (1973) Macromolecules , vol.6 , pp. 305-314
    • Humphrey, J.S.1    Shultz, A.R.2    Jacquiss, D.B.G.3
  • 40
    • 34447630646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine debris review for Latin America and the wider Caribbean region: from the 1970s until now, and where do we go from here?
    • Ivar do Sul, J.A., Costa, M.F., Marine debris review for Latin America and the wider Caribbean region: from the 1970s until now, and where do we go from here?. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 54 (2007), 1087–1104.
    • (2007) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.54 , pp. 1087-1104
    • Ivar do Sul, J.A.1    Costa, M.F.2
  • 41
    • 25144504819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced settling velocities and vertical transport of particulate matter by aggregation in the benthic boundary layer
    • Jähmlich, S., Lund-Hansen, L.C., Leipe, T., Enhanced settling velocities and vertical transport of particulate matter by aggregation in the benthic boundary layer. Dan. J. Geogr. 102 (2002), 37–49.
    • (2002) Dan. J. Geogr. , vol.102 , pp. 37-49
    • Jähmlich, S.1    Lund-Hansen, L.C.2    Leipe, T.3
  • 42
    • 0141450597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High turnover rates of copepod fecal pellets due to Noctiluca scintillans grazing
    • Kiørboe, T., High turnover rates of copepod fecal pellets due to Noctiluca scintillans grazing. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 258 (2003), 181–188.
    • (2003) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.258 , pp. 181-188
    • Kiørboe, T.1
  • 43
    • 84892710429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaching of plastic additives to marine organisms
    • Koelmans, A.A., Besseling, E., Foekema, E.M., Leaching of plastic additives to marine organisms. Environ. Pollut. 187 (2014), 49–54.
    • (2014) Environ. Pollut. , vol.187 , pp. 49-54
    • Koelmans, A.A.1    Besseling, E.2    Foekema, E.M.3
  • 44
    • 0001362065 scopus 로고
    • Grain shape effects on settling rates
    • Komar, P.D., Reimers, C.E., Grain shape effects on settling rates. J. Geol. 86 (1978), 193–209.
    • (1978) J. Geol. , vol.86 , pp. 193-209
    • Komar, P.D.1    Reimers, C.E.2
  • 46
    • 85066492857 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles
    • Krumbein, W.C., Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles. J. Sediment. Petrol. 11 (1941), 64–72.
    • (1941) J. Sediment. Petrol. , vol.11 , pp. 64-72
    • Krumbein, W.C.1
  • 47
    • 78649651279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floc properties and settling velocity of San Jacinto estuary mud under variable shear and salinity conditions
    • Kumar, R.G., Strom, K.B., Keyvani, A., Floc properties and settling velocity of San Jacinto estuary mud under variable shear and salinity conditions. Cont. Shelf Res. 30 (2010), 2067–2081.
    • (2010) Cont. Shelf Res. , vol.30 , pp. 2067-2081
    • Kumar, R.G.1    Strom, K.B.2    Keyvani, A.3
  • 48
    • 84889479670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Oceanography of the Baltic Sea
    • R. Feistel G. Nausch N. Wasmund John Wiley & Sons Hoboken, New Jersey
    • Lass, H.-U., Matthäus, W., General Oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Feistel, R., Nausch, G., Wasmund, N., (eds.) State and Evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005, 2008, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 703.
    • (2008) State and Evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005 , pp. 703
    • Lass, H.-U.1    Matthäus, W.2
  • 49
    • 84864587467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microplastics in beaches of the east Frisian Islands Spiekeroog and Kachelotplate
    • Liebezeit, G., Dubaish, F., Microplastics in beaches of the east Frisian Islands Spiekeroog and Kachelotplate. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 89 (2012), 213–217.
    • (2012) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.89 , pp. 213-217
    • Liebezeit, G.1    Dubaish, F.2
  • 50
    • 79959733970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition
    • Lithner, D., Larsson, Å., Dave, G., Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition. Sci. Total Environ. 409 (2011), 3309–3324.
    • (2011) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.409 , pp. 3309-3324
    • Lithner, D.1    Larsson, Å.2    Dave, G.3
  • 51
    • 78751610011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early microbial biofilm formation on marine plastic debris
    • Lobelle, D., Cunliffe, M., Early microbial biofilm formation on marine plastic debris. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 62:1 (2011), 197–200.
    • (2011) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 197-200
    • Lobelle, D.1    Cunliffe, M.2
  • 52
    • 84938740472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between microplastics and phytoplankton aggregates: impact on their respective fates
    • Long, M., Moriceau, B., Gallinari, M., Lambert, C., Huvet, A., Raffray, J., Soudant, P., Interactions between microplastics and phytoplankton aggregates: impact on their respective fates. Mar. Chem. 175 (2015), 39–46.
    • (2015) Mar. Chem. , vol.175 , pp. 39-46
    • Long, M.1    Moriceau, B.2    Gallinari, M.3    Lambert, C.4    Huvet, A.5    Raffray, J.6    Soudant, P.7
  • 53
    • 0005121047 scopus 로고
    • Drag and oscillatory motion of freely falling cylindrical particles
    • Marchildon, E.K., Clamen, A., Gauvin, W.H., Drag and oscillatory motion of freely falling cylindrical particles. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 42 (1964), 178–182.
    • (1964) Can. J. Chem. Eng. , vol.42 , pp. 178-182
    • Marchildon, E.K.1    Clamen, A.2    Gauvin, W.H.3
  • 55
    • 0035863690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment
    • Mato, Y., Isobe, T., Takada, H., Kanehiro, H., Ohtake, C., Kaminuma, T., Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35:2 (2000), 318–324.
    • (2000) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 318-324
    • Mato, Y.1    Isobe, T.2    Takada, H.3    Kanehiro, H.4    Ohtake, C.5    Kaminuma, T.6
  • 56
    • 0344661091 scopus 로고
    • Zur mittleren jahreszeitlichen Veränderlichkeit der Temperatur in der offenen Ostsee
    • Matthäus, W., Zur mittleren jahreszeitlichen Veränderlichkeit der Temperatur in der offenen Ostsee. Beitr. Meereskun. 40 (1977), 117–155.
    • (1977) Beitr. Meereskun. , vol.40 , pp. 117-155
    • Matthäus, W.1
  • 57
    • 0344912611 scopus 로고
    • Die Viskosität des Meerwassers
    • Matthäus, W., Die Viskosität des Meerwassers. Beitr. Meereskun. 29 (1972), 48–66.
    • (1972) Beitr. Meereskun. , vol.29 , pp. 48-66
    • Matthäus, W.1
  • 59
    • 1642391546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of small-plastic debris on beaches in the Hawaiian archipelago
    • McDermid, K.J., McMullen, T.L., Quantitative analysis of small-plastic debris on beaches in the Hawaiian archipelago. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 48 (2004), 790–794.
    • (2004) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.48 , pp. 790-794
    • McDermid, K.J.1    McMullen, T.L.2
  • 61
    • 84942608544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine microplastic-associated biofilms – a review
    • Oberbeckmann, S., Löder, M.G.J., Labrenz, M., Marine microplastic-associated biofilms – a review. Environ. Chem. 12 (2015), 551–562.
    • (2015) Environ. Chem. , vol.12 , pp. 551-562
    • Oberbeckmann, S.1    Löder, M.G.J.2    Labrenz, M.3
  • 62
    • 0024938970 scopus 로고
    • Outdoor weathering of selected polymeric materials under marine exposure conditions
    • Pegram, J.E., Andrady, A.L., Outdoor weathering of selected polymeric materials under marine exposure conditions. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 26:4 (1989), 333–345.
    • (1989) Polym. Degrad. Stab. , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-345
    • Pegram, J.E.1    Andrady, A.L.2
  • 63
    • 77952151887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel method to measure particle sinking velocity in vitro, and its comparison to three other in vitro methods
    • Ploug, H., Terbrüggen, A., Kaufmann, A., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Passow, U., A novel method to measure particle sinking velocity in vitro, and its comparison to three other in vitro methods. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 8 (2010), 386–393.
    • (2010) Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods , vol.8 , pp. 386-393
    • Ploug, H.1    Terbrüggen, A.2    Kaufmann, A.3    Wolf-Gladrow, D.4    Passow, U.5
  • 64
    • 43949145904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production, oxygen respiration rates, and sinking velocity of copepod fecal pellets: direct measurements of ballasting by opal and calcite
    • Ploug, H., Iversen, M.H., Koski, M., Buitenhuis, E.T., Production, oxygen respiration rates, and sinking velocity of copepod fecal pellets: direct measurements of ballasting by opal and calcite. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53:2 (2008), 469–476.
    • (2008) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 469-476
    • Ploug, H.1    Iversen, M.H.2    Koski, M.3    Buitenhuis, E.T.4
  • 65
    • 0033561232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon turnover in sinking marine snow from surface waters of Southern California Bight: implications for the carbon cycle in the ocean
    • Ploug, H., Grossart, H.-P., Azam, F., Jørgensen, B.B., Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon turnover in sinking marine snow from surface waters of Southern California Bight: implications for the carbon cycle in the ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 179 (1999), 1–11.
    • (1999) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.179 , pp. 1-11
    • Ploug, H.1    Grossart, H.-P.2    Azam, F.3    Jørgensen, B.B.4
  • 66
    • 0001298206 scopus 로고
    • A new roundness scale for sedimentary particles
    • Powers, M.C., A new roundness scale for sedimentary particles. J. Sediment. Petrol. 23:2 (1953), 117–119.
    • (1953) J. Sediment. Petrol. , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-119
    • Powers, M.C.1
  • 67
    • 84903291821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Millimeter-sized marine plastic: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates
    • Reisser, J., Shaw, J., Hallegraeff, G., Proietti, M., Barnes, D.K.A., Millimeter-sized marine plastic: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. PLoS One, 9(6), 2014, e100289.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , Issue.6
    • Reisser, J.1    Shaw, J.2    Hallegraeff, G.3    Proietti, M.4    Barnes, D.K.A.5
  • 68
    • 84897570499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the quantity and composition of floating plastic debris entering and leaving the Tamar Estuary, Southwest England
    • Sadri, S.S., Thompson, R.C., On the quantity and composition of floating plastic debris entering and leaving the Tamar Estuary, Southwest England. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 81 (2014), 55–60.
    • (2014) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.81 , pp. 55-60
    • Sadri, S.S.1    Thompson, R.C.2
  • 69
    • 0028182019 scopus 로고
    • Colour- and form-dependent loss of plastic micro-debris from the North Pacific Ocean
    • Shaw, D.G., Day, R.H., Colour- and form-dependent loss of plastic micro-debris from the North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 28 (1994), 39–43.
    • (1994) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.28 , pp. 39-43
    • Shaw, D.G.1    Day, R.H.2
  • 70
    • 84944275047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microplastic concentrations in beach sediments along the German Baltic coast
    • Stolte, A., Forster, S., Gerdts, G., Schubert, H., Microplastic concentrations in beach sediments along the German Baltic coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 99 (2015), 216–229.
    • (2015) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.99 , pp. 216-229
    • Stolte, A.1    Forster, S.2    Gerdts, G.3    Schubert, H.4
  • 72
    • 0037312267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floating marine debris in coastal waters of the SE-Pacific (Chile)
    • Thiel, M., Hinojosa, I., Vásquez, N., Macaya, E., Floating marine debris in coastal waters of the SE-Pacific (Chile). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46:2 (2003), 224–231.
    • (2003) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 224-231
    • Thiel, M.1    Hinojosa, I.2    Vásquez, N.3    Macaya, E.4
  • 74
    • 84942599956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adsorption of trace metals by microplastic pellets in fresh water
    • Turner, A.T., Holmes, L.A., Adsorption of trace metals by microplastic pellets in fresh water. Environ. Chem. 12:5 (2015), 600–610.
    • (2015) Environ. Chem. , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 600-610
    • Turner, A.T.1    Holmes, L.A.2
  • 75
    • 0037128174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow and sinking phytoplankton blooms
    • Turner, J.T., Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow and sinking phytoplankton blooms. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 27 (2002), 57–102.
    • (2002) Aquat. Microb. Ecol. , vol.27 , pp. 57-102
    • Turner, J.T.1
  • 78
    • 84883141611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microplastic particles in sediments of lagoon of Venice, Italy: first observations on occurrence, spatial patterns and identification
    • Vianello, A., Boldrin, A., Guerriero, P., Moschino, V., Rella, R., Sturaro, A., Da Ros, L., Microplastic particles in sediments of lagoon of Venice, Italy: first observations on occurrence, spatial patterns and identification. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 130 (2013), 54–61.
    • (2013) Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. , vol.130 , pp. 54-61
    • Vianello, A.1    Boldrin, A.2    Guerriero, P.3    Moschino, V.4    Rella, R.5    Sturaro, A.6    Da Ros, L.7
  • 79
    • 84954234023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment
    • Wang, J., Tan, Z., Peng, J., Qiu, Q., Li, M., The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Environ. Res. 113 (2016), 7–17.
    • (2016) Mar. Environ. Res. , vol.113 , pp. 7-17
    • Wang, J.1    Tan, Z.2    Peng, J.3    Qiu, Q.4    Li, M.5
  • 81
    • 0035651273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and sinking velocities of fecal pellets of copepod, molluscan, euhpausiid, and salp taxa in the northeastern tropical Atlantic
    • Yoon, W.D., Kim, S.K., Han, K.N., Morphology and sinking velocities of fecal pellets of copepod, molluscan, euhpausiid, and salp taxa in the northeastern tropical Atlantic. Mar. Biol. 139 (2001), 923–928.
    • (2001) Mar. Biol. , vol.139 , pp. 923-928
    • Yoon, W.D.1    Kim, S.K.2    Han, K.N.3
  • 82
    • 84880114792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life in the “plastisphere”: microbial communities on plastic marine debris
    • Zettler, E.R., Mincer, T.J., Amaral-Zettler, L.A., Life in the “plastisphere”: microbial communities on plastic marine debris. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013), 7137–7146.
    • (2013) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.47 , pp. 7137-7146
    • Zettler, E.R.1    Mincer, T.J.2    Amaral-Zettler, L.A.3
  • 83
    • 84922641912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspended microplastics in the surface water of the Yangtze estuary system, China: first observations on occurrence, distribution
    • Zhao, S., Zhu, L., Wang, T., Li, D., Suspended microplastics in the surface water of the Yangtze estuary system, China: first observations on occurrence, distribution. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 86 (2014), 562–568.
    • (2014) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.86 , pp. 562-568
    • Zhao, S.1    Zhu, L.2    Wang, T.3    Li, D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.