Morbidity, mortality, and seasonality of influenza hospitalizations in Egypt, November 2007-November 2014

PLoS ONE

Volumn 11, Issue 9, 2016, Pages

  Kandeel, Amr ^a   Dawson, Patrick ^b,c   Labib, Manal ^a   Said, Mayar ^b   El Refai, Samir ^a   El Gohari, Amani ^a   Talaat, Maha ^b,c  

^a MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Egypt)

^b US Naval Medical Research Unit No 3 Egypt   (Egypt)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; EGYPT; FEMALE; GENDER; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFANT; INFLUENZA A; INFLUENZA A (H1N1); INFLUENZA A (H3N2); INFLUENZA A (H5N1); INFLUENZA B; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MORTALITY RISK; MULTICENTER STUDY; NOSE SMEAR; ORAL BIOPSY; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RISK FACTOR; SEASONAL VARIATION; THROAT CULTURE; VIRAL RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFLUENZA; MIDDLE AGED; NEWBORN; SEASON; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EGYPT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; RISK FACTORS; SEASONS; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84992202302     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161301     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory Data Repository: Causes of death. Available: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.wrapper.MGHEMORTCAUSE10BYSEX-2012?lang=en. Accessed 5 March 2015.
2. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2014. Available: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112738/1/9789240692671-eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 5 March 2015.
3. Schluger NW. Acute Respiratory Infections: Making Inroads Against a Forgotten Pandemic. Available: http://www.ariatlas.org/tools/downloads/files/ARIA.pdf. Accessed 5 March 2015.
4. Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, Roca A, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2011; 378 (9807): 1917-30. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61051-9 PMID: 22078723
5. Radin JM, Katz MA, Tempia S, Talla Nzussouo N, Davis R, Duque J, et al. Influenza Surveillance in 15 Countries in Africa, 2006-2010. J Infect Dis 2012; 206(S1): S14-21.
6. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2095-128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 PMID: 23245604
7. World Lung Foundation. Influenza. Available: http://www.ariatlas.org/understanding-aris/influenza. Accessed 5 March 2015.
8. United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2014. Available: http://hdr. undp.org/en/data/. Accessed 5 March 2015.
9. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Egypt-The World Factbook. Available: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html. Accessed 5 March 2015.
10. Schroedl A. Age-based Human Influenza A Virus (H5N1) Infection Patterns, Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16(1): 161-2. doi: 10.3201/eid1601.090560 PMID: 20031073
11. Khattab A, Shaheen M, Kamel T, El Faramay A, El Rahman SA, Nabil D, et al. Burden of pediatric influenza A virus infection post swine-flu H1N1 pandemic in Egypt. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2013; 6(9): 693-8. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60120-0 PMID: 23827145
12. World Health Organization. Severe atypical pneumonia outbreak associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 in Egypt, 2013-2014 season. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2014; 16(89): 161-4.
13. El Kholy AA, Mostafa NA, Ali AA, El-Sherbini SA, Ismail RI, Magdy RI, et al. Risk factors of prolonged hospital stay in children with viral severe acute respiratory infections. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8(10): 1285-93. doi: 10.3855/jidc.4682 PMID: 25313605
14. Gomaa MR, Kayed AS, Elabd MA, Zeid DA, Zaki SA, El Rifay AS, et al. Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A (H9N2) Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Infection Among Egyptians: A Prospective, Controlled Seroepidemiological Study. J Infect Dis 2014; [Epub ahead of print].
15. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness, 2005-2015. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination/effectiveness-studies.htm. Accessed 5 March 2015.
16. World Health Organization. PAHO-CDC Generic Protocol for Influenza Surveillance. Available: http://www.paho.org/English/AD/DPC/CD/flu-snl-gpis.htm. Accessed 6 February 2015.
17. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Emerging Infections Program (IEIP): Thailand. Description of Clinical Pneumonia. Available: http://www.ieip.in.th/info/TSSEARS.asp. Accessed 6 February 2015.
18. World Health Organization. WHO global technical consultation: global standards and tools for influenza surveillance. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2011/WHO-HSE-GIP-2011.1-eng.pdf. Accessed 6 February 2015.
19. World Health Organization. Global Epidemiologic Surveillance Standards for Influenza. Available: http://www.who.int/influenza/resources/documents/WHO-Epidemiological-Influenza-Surveillance- Standards-2014.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2015.
20. Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, Beersma MFC, Kroes ACM, Claas ECJ. Rapid and Sensitive Method Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Infections by Influenza A and Influenza B Viruses, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Parainfluenza Viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42(4): 1564-9. PMID: 15071005
21. Al-Awaidy S, Hamid S, Al Obaidani I, Al Baqlani S, Al Busaidi S, Bawikar S, et al. The Burden of Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Oman, January 2008-June 2013. PLOS ONE 2015; 10(12): e0144186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144186 PMID: 26642055
22. Al-Abdallat M, Dawson P, Haddadin AJ, El-Shoubary W, Dueger E, Al-Sanouri T, et al. Influenza hospitalization epidemiology from a severe acute respiratory infection surveillance system in Jordan, January 2008-February 2014. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10(2): 91-7. doi: 10.1111/irv.12354 PMID: 26505620
23. Tamfum JJM, Nkwembe E, Shamamba SKB, Bankoshi F, Ilunga BK, Katz KA, et al. Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza-Like Illness, Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, and Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2009-2011. J Infect Dis 2012; 206(S1): S36-40.
24. Azziz-Baumgartner E, Alamgir ASM, Rahman M, Homaira N, Sohel BM, Sharker MA, et al. Incidence of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection during three influenza seasons in Bangladesh, 2008-2010. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90(1).
25. Tallo VL, Kamigaki T, Tan AG, Pamaran RR, Alday PP, Mercado ES, et al. Estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the Philippines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2014; doi: 10.1111/irv.12223
26. Shafik CF, Mohareb EW, Yassin AS, Amin MA, El Kholy A, El-Karaksy H, et al. Viral etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections among Egyptian children under five years of age. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12: 350. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-350 PMID: 23237512
27. Rowlinson E, Dueger E, Taylor T, Mansour A, Van Beneden C, Abukela M, et al. Incidence and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus infections in a population-based surveillance site in the Nile Delta Region. J Infect Dis 2013; 208 S3: S189-96.
28. Mullooly JP, Barker WH, Nolan TF. Risk of acute respiratory disease among pregnant women during influenza A epidemics. Public Health Rep 1986; 101(2): 205-11. PMID: 3083477
29. McKinney WP, Volkert P, Kaufman J. Fatal swine influenza pneumonia during late pregnancy. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150(1): 213-5. PMID: 2153372
30. Cox S, Posner SF, McPheeters M, Jamieson DJ, Kourtis AP, Meikle S. Hospitalizations With Respiratory Illness Among Pregnant Women During Influenza Season. Obstet & Gynecol 2006; 107(6): 1315-22.
31. Creanga AA, Johnson TF, Graitcer SB, Hartman LK, Al-Samarrai T, Schwarz AG, et al. Severity of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Pregnant Women. Obstet & Gynecol 2010; 115 (4): 717-26.
32. Periolo N, Avaro M, Czech A, Russo M, Benedetti E, Pontoriero A, et al. Pregnant women infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus showed differential immune response correlated with disease severity. J Clin Virol 2015; 64: 52-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.01.009 PMID: 25728079
33. Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Impact of Epidemic Type A Influenza in a Defined Adult Population. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 112(6): 798-813. PMID: 7457471
34. Glezen WP, Decker M, Perrotta DM. Survey of Underlying Conditions of Persons Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Disease during Influenza Epidemics in Houston, 1978-1981. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136(3): 550-5. PMID: 3631727
35. Glezen WP, Greenberg SB, Atmar RL, Piedra PA, Couch RB. Impact of Respiratory Virus Infections on Persons With Chronic Underlying Conditions. JAMA 2000; 283(4): 499-505. PMID: 10659876
36. Neuzil KM, Wright PF, Mitchel EF, Griffin MR. The burden of influenza illness in children with asthma and other chronic medical conditions. J Pediatr 2000; 137(6): 856-64. PMID: 11113844
37. Simonsen L, Clarke MJ, Williamson GD, Stroup DF, Arden NH, Schonberger LB. The impact of influenza epidemics on mortality: introducing a severity index. Am J Pub Health 1997; 87(12): 1944-50.
38. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, Brammer L, Cox N, Anderson LJ, et al. Mortality Associated With Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States. JAMA 2003; 289(2): 179-86. PMID: 12517228
39. World Health Ogranization. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2015. Available: http://www.who.int/influenza/human-animal-interface/EN- GIP-20150303cumulativeNumberH5N1cases.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 12 March 2015.
40. Echevarría-Zuno S, Mejía-Aranguré JM, Mar-Obeso AJ, Grajales-Muñiz C, Robles-Pérez E, González-León M, et al. Infection and death from influenza A H1N1 virus in Mexico: a retrospective analysis. The Lancet 2009; doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61638-X
41. Lee N, Choi KW, Chan PKS, Hui DSC, Lui GCY, Wong BCK, et al. Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza. Thorax 2010; 65: 510-515. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.130799 PMID: 20522848
42. Viboud C, Pakdaman K, Boëlle P, Wilson ML, Myers MF, Valleron AJ, et al. Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19(11): 1055-9. PMID: 15648600
43. Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Steel J, Palese P. Influenza Virus Transmission Is Dependent on Relative Humidity and Temperature. PLoS Pathog 2007; doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030151
44. Baumgartner EA, Dao CN, Nasreen S, Bhuiyan MU, Mah-E-Muneer S, Al Mamun A, et al. Seasonality, Timing, and Climate Drivers of Influenza Activity Worldwide. J Infect Dis 2012; 206(6): 838-46. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis467 PMID: 22829641
45. World Health Organization. Available candidate vaccine viruses and potency testing reagents. Available: http://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/virus/candidates-reagents/home/en/. Accessed 12 March 2015.
46. World Health Organization. Interim surveillance recommendations for human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Available: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus-infections/InterimRevisedSurveillanceRecommendations-nCoVinfection-14July2014.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2015.
47. Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Pandemic Threat Posed by Avian Influenza A Viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14(1): 129-49. PMID: 11148006
48. Abdelwhab E, Abdel-Moneim AS. Epidemiology, ecology and gene pool of influenza A virus in Egypt: Will Egypt be the epicentre of the next influenza pandemic? Virulence 2015; 6(1): 6-18. doi: 10.4161/21505594.2014.992662 PMID: 25635701