Viral etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections among Egyptian children under five years of age

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 12, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Shafik, Caroline F ^a   Mohareb, Emad W ^a   Yassin, Aymen S ^b   Amin, Madgy A ^b   El Kholy, Amani ^c   El Karaksy, Hanaa ^c   Youssef, Fouad G ^a  

^a US Naval Medical Research Unit No 3 Egypt   (Egypt)

^b CAIRO UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^c CAIRO UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Direct fluorescence assay; Egypt; Lower respiratory tract infections; Pediatric; Polymerase chain reaction; Respiratory viruses; Shell vial culture

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; EGYPTIAN; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; INFANT; INFLUENZA VIRUS A; INFLUENZA VIRUS B; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIXED INFECTION; NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATION; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 1; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 2; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL PNEUMOVIRUS; RESPIRATORY VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SHELL VIAL CULTURE; VIRAL DISEASE IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; VIRAL RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; VIRUS CULTURE; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS IDENTIFICATION;

CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COINFECTION; EGYPT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; NASOPHARYNX; PREVALENCE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; VIROLOGY; VIRUS DISEASES; VIRUSES;

EID: 84870947270     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-350     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Williams BG, Gouws E, Boschi-Pinto C, Bryce J, Dye C. Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2002, 2(1):25-32. 10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00170-0, 11892493.
2. Kusel MM, de Klerk NH, Holt PG, Kebadze T, Johnston SL, Sly PD. Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006, 25(8):680-686. 10.1097/01.inf.0000226912.88900.a3, 16874165.
3. Hall CB, Powell KR, MacDonald NE, Gala CL, Menegus ME, Suffin SC, Cohen HJ. Respiratory syncytial viral infection in children with compromised immune function. N Engl J Med 1986, 315(2):77-81. 10.1056/NEJM198607103150201, 3724802.
4. Singleton RJ, Holman RC, Folkema AM, Wenger JD, Steiner CA, Redd JT. Trends in lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska native children and the general US child population. J Pediatr 2012, 161(2):296-302. e2, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.02.004, 22437150.
5. Drummond P, Clark J, Wheeler J, Galloway A, Freeman R, Cant A. Community acquired pneumonia-a prospective UK study. Arch Dis Child 2000, 83(5):408-412. 10.1136/adc.83.5.408, 1718544, 11040149.
6. Juven T, Mertsola J, Waris M, Leinonen M, Meurman O, Roivainen M, Eskola J, Saikku P, Ruuskanen O. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000, 19(4):293-298. 10.1097/00006454-200004000-00006, 10783017.
7. Korppi M, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Jalonen E, Saikku P, Leinonen M, Halonen P, Makela PH. Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children treated in hospital. Eur J Pediatr 1993, 152(1):24-30. 10.1007/BF02072512, 8444202.
8. Tregoning JS, Schwarze J. Respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010, 23(1):74-98. 10.1128/CMR.00032-09, 2806659, 20065326.
9. Imam IZ, Labib A, Hassan A, Fathy M. Etiology of viral pneumonia in Cairo 1967-1968. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1969, 44(5):486-497.
10. Langsten RL, el-Mougi M, Black RE. Impact of training on assessment of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection at government health facilities in Egypt. J Health Popul Nutr 2005, 23(3):282-291.
11. Langsten R, Hill K. The effect of physician training on treatment of respiratory infections: evidence from rural Egypt. Health Transit Rev 1994, 4(2):167-182.
12. Elkholy A, Elkaraksy H, Fattouh A, Bazaraa H, Hegazy R, Abdelhalim M. Acute lower respiratory tract infection due to Chlamydia and Mycoplasma spp. in Egyptian children under 5 years of age. J Trop Pediatr 2009, 55(3):195-197. 10.1093/tropej/fmn102, 19213743.
13. El Sayed Zaki M, Goda T. Clinico-pathological study of atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study. J Infect Dev Ctries 2009, 3(3):199-205.
14. Fattouh AM, Mansi YA, El-Anany MG, El-Kholy AA, El-Karaksy HM. Acute lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in a group of Egyptian children under 5 years of age. Ital J Pediatr 2011, 37:14. 10.1186/1824-7288-37-14, 3083345, 21466713.
15. Naghipour M, Cuevas LE, Bakhshinejad T, Dove W, Hart CA. Human bocavirus in Iranian children with acute respiratory infections. J Med Virol 2007, 79(5):539-543. 10.1002/jmv.20815, 17385723.
16. Al-Sonboli N, Hart CA, Al-Aghbari N, Al-Ansi A, Ashoor O, Cuevas LE. Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus disease in children, Yemen. Emerg Infect Dis 2006, 12(9):1437-1439. 3294747, 17073098.
17. Kaplan NM, Dove W, Abu-Zeid AF, Shamoon HE, Abd-Eldayem SA, Hart CA. Evidence of human metapneumovirus infection in Jordanian children. Saudi Med J 2006, 27(7):1081-1083.
18. Khuri-Bulos N, Williams JV, Shehabi AA, Faouri S, Al Jundi E, Abushariah O, Chen Q, Ali SA, Vermund S, Halasa NB. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized infants and young children in Amman, Jordan. Scand J Infect Dis 2010, 42(5):368-374. 10.3109/00365540903496544, 2854220, 20100116.
19. El Sayed Zaki M, Raafat D, El-Metaal AA, Ismail M. Study of human metapneumovirus-associated lower respiratory tract infections in Egyptian adults. Microbiol Immunol 2009, 53(11):603-608. 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00162.x, 19903260.
20. Yahia S, Kandeel AY, Hammad E, El-Gilany AH. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) in acute respiratory infection: a clinic-based study in Egypt. Indian J Pediatr 2012, 79(10):1323-1327. 10.1007/s12098-011-0677-5, 22294269.
21. Hatipoglu N, Somer A, Badur S, Unuvar E, Akcay-Ciblak M, Yekeler E, Salman N, Keser M, Hatipoglu H, Siraneci R. Viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Turk J Pediatr 2011, 53(5):508-516.
22. Mahony JB. Detection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008, 21(4):716-747. 10.1128/CMR.00037-07, 2570148, 18854489.
23. McIntosh K, Hendry RM, Fahnestock ML, Pierik LT. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus infection: application to clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 1982, 16(2):329-333. 272355, 6749895.
24. Sutmoller F, Ferro ZP, Asensi MD, Ferreira V, Mazzei IS, Cunha BL. Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections among children in a combined community and hospital study in Rio de Janeiro. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 20(4):854-860. 10.1093/clinids/20.4.854, 7795085.
25. Bonzel L, Tenenbaum T, Schroten H, Schildgen O, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Adams O. Frequent detection of viral coinfection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008, 27(7):589-594. 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181694fb9, 18520973.
26. Calvo C, Garcia-Garcia ML, Blanco C, Vazquez MC, Frias ME, Perez-Brena P, Casas I. Multiple simultaneous viral infections in infants with acute respiratory tract infections in Spain. J Clin Virol 2008, 42(3):268-272. 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.03.012, 18455958.
27. Talbot HK, Crowe JE, Edwards KM, Griffin MR, Zhu Y, Weinberg GA, Szilagyi PG, Hall CB, Podsiad AB, Iwane M, Williams JV, . New Vaccine Surveillance Network Coronavirus infection and hospitalizations for acute respiratory illness in young children. J Med Virol 2009, 81(5):853-856. 10.1002/jmv.21443, 2767383, 19319948, New Vaccine Surveillance Network.
28. Tang LF, Wang TL, Tang HF, Chen ZM. Viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in China. Indian Pediatr 2008, 45(12):971-975.
29. Zhang HY, Li ZM, Zhang GL, Diao TT, Cao CX, Sun HQ. Respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in harbin, China. Jpn J Infect Dis 2009, 62(6):458-460.
30. LaSala PR, Bufton KK, Ismail N, Smith MB. Prospective comparison of R-mix shell vial system with direct antigen tests and conventional cell culture for respiratory virus detection. J Clin Virol 2007, 38(3):210-216. 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.12.015, 17229589.
31. Kim JS, Kim SH, Bae SY, Lim CS, Kim YK, Lee KN, Lee CK. Enhanced detection of respiratory viruses using cryopreserved R-Mix ReadyCells. J Clin Virol 2008, 42(3):264-267. 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.03.015, 18467164.
32. Barenfanger J, Drake C, Mueller T, Troutt T, O'Brien J, Guttman K. R-Mix cells are faster, at least as sensitive and marginally more costly than conventional cell lines for the detection of respiratory viruses. J Clin Virol 2001, 22(1):101-110. 10.1016/S1386-6532(01)00171-8, 11418357.
33. Chan PW, Goh AY, Chua KB, Kharullah NS, Hooi PS. Viral aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in young Malaysian children. J Paediatr Child Health 1999, 35(3):287-290. 10.1046/j.1440-1754.1999.00359.x, 10404452.
34. Jennings LC, Anderson TP, Werno AM, Beynon KA, Murdoch DR. Viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children presenting to hospital: role of polymerase chain reaction and demonstration of multiple infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004, 23(11):1003-1007. 10.1097/01.inf.0000143648.04673.6c, 15545854.
35. Bharaj P, Sullender WM, Kabra SK, Mani K, Cherian J, Tyagi V, Chahar HS, Kaushik S, Dar L, Broor S. Respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex PCR among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in Delhi from 2005 to 2007. Virol J 2009, 6:89. 10.1186/1743-422X-6-89, 2709894, 19558656.
36. Forster J, Ihorst G, Rieger CH, Stephan V, Frank HD, Gurth H, Berner R, Rohwedder A, Werchau H, Schumacher M, Tsai T, Petersen G. Prospective population-based study of viral lower respiratory tract infections in children under 3 years of age (the PRI.DE study). Eur J Pediatr 2004, 163(12):709-716. 10.1007/s00431-004-1523-9, 15372233.
37. Jartti T, Lehtinen P, Vuorinen T, Koskenvuo M, Ruuskanen O. Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children. J Med Virol 2004, 72(4):695-699. 10.1002/jmv.20027, 14981776.
38. Aberle JH, Aberle SW, Pracher E, Hutter HP, Kundi M, Popow-Kraupp T. Single versus dual respiratory virus infections in hospitalized infants: impact on clinical course of disease and interferon-gamma response. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005, 24(7):605-610. 10.1097/01.inf.0000168741.59747.2d, 15999001.