Public television in the digital era: Technological challenges and new strategies for Europe

Public Television in the Digital Era: Technological Challenges and New Strategies for Europe

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-211

  Iosifidis, Petros ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84992090843     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230592865     Document Type: Book

References (177)

1. AGB Nielsen Media Research (2005) Yearbook (Athens).
2. A.T. Kearney Plan Strategy (2001) Report for France Televisions, February.
3. Aufterheide, P. (1992) 'Cable Television and the Public Interest', Journal of Communication, 42 (1) 52-65.
4. Aufterheide, P. (1999) Communications Policy and the Public Interest (USA: Guilford Press).
5. Bagdikian, B. (1992) The Media Monopoly, 4th edn (Boston: Beacon Press,).
6. BARB (Broadcasters' Audience Research Board), 2001 Report.
7. BARB (Broadcasters' Audience Research Board), 2006 Report.
8. Barnett, S. (2006) 'Public Service Broadcasting: A Manifesto for Survival in the Multimedia Age' Paper submitted to RIPE@2006 Conference (Amsterdam and Hilversum: 16-18 November).
9. Barwise, P. (2006) 'The BBC Licence Fee Bid: What Does the Public Think?' An Independent Report for the BBC Board of Governors, (London: April). Available at: http:/ /www.bbcgovernors.co.uk/docs/rev licence:bid.html (accessed October 2006).
10. BBC (2004a) 'Building Public Value: Renewing the BBC for a Digital World' (London: June).
11. BBC (2004b) 'Review of the BBC's Royal Charter: The BBC's Response to the DCMS Consultation' (London: June) (this document and others relating to Charter Review can be found online at www.bbc.co.uk/thefuture).
12. BBC (2005a) 'Review of the BBC's Royal Charter: BBC Response to A Strong BBC, Independent of Government' (London: May).
13. BBC (2005b) 'The Tipping Point: How Much is Broadcast Creativity at Risk?' An independent report commissioned by the BBC, The Work Foundation (London: July).
14. BBC Annual Report 2005-06. Available at: http://www.bbcgovernors.co.uk/ annreport/index.html (accessed November 2006).
15. BBC and Human Capital (2004) 'Measuring the Value of the BBC' (London: October 2004). The fieldwork was done by Gfk Martin Hamblin. Available at: http:/ /www.bbc.co.uk/thefuture/pdfs/value_bbc.pdf (accessed October 2006).
16. Bjorkman, P. (2005) Head of Research, SVT, Interview (Stockholm: 4 May).
17. BMRB Omnibus Survey (2006) 'Measuring Reaction to Targeted Help (London: March 2006). Available at: http://www.bbcgovernors.co.uk/docs/reviews/ bmrb_omnibus.pdf (accessed November).
18. Born, G. (2003) 'Uncertain Futures: Public Service Television and the Transition to Digital- a Comparative Analysis of the Digital Television Strategies of the BBC and Channel 4', Electronic Working Paper (London: Media@lse). Available at http:/ /www.lse.ac.uk/ collections/media@lse/media WorkingPapers/ ewpNumber3.htm (accessed February 2006).
19. Brands, K. and E. de Bens (2000) 'The Status of TV Broadcasting in Europe', Television Across Europe: A Comparative Introduction, eds J. Wieten, G. Murdock and P. Dahlgren (London: Sage), 7-23.
20. Broadcasting Act 1996. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Available at: http:/ /www.opsi.gov.uk/ ACTS/acts 1996/1996055.htm (accessed November 2006).
21. Broadcasting Act 2001, 'Number 4 of 2001'. Available at: http://www.bci.ie/ documents/2001act.pdf (accessed November 2006).
22. Broadcasting (Funding) Act 2003, 'Number 43 of 2003'. Available at: http:// www.bci.ie/documents/2003fundingact.pdf (accessed November 2006).
23. Carnegie Commission 1967, Public Broadcasting's Original Mission. Available at: http://www.cipbonline.org/carnegie.htm (accessed November 2006).
24. Chazal, P. (1996) 'Le Pole Public de Programmes Thematiques', (Thematic Channels of Public Television Stations), Study on behalf of France Televisions (Paris: May).
25. CMT (Comision del Mercado de las Telecomunicasiones) 'Annual Report- The Industry in 2004' (Madrid: 2004). Available at: www.cmt.es/cmt_eng/ index.htm (accessed june 2006).
26. ComReg (Commission for Communications Regulation) Annual Report 2005. Available at: http:/ /www.comreg.ie/publications/annual.asp?s=5&NaviD =100#?s=5&navid=l00 (accessed November 2005).
27. The Communications Act 2003 (c.21), 17 July 2003. Available at: http:// www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2003/20030021.htm (accessed July 2006).
28. Coppens, T. and F. Saeys (2006) 'Enforcing Performance: New Approaches to Govern Public Service Broadcasting', Media, Culture & Society, 28 (2) 261-84.
29. Corcoran, F. (2000) Director General- RTE, Telephone Interview (20 March).
30. Corcoran, F. (2002) 'Digital Television in Ireland: Local Forces in a Global Context', Javnost/fhe Public, 9 (4).
31. Corcoran, F. (2003) Director General- RTE, Telephone Interview (7 January).
32. Council of Europe (2004) 'Report on Public Service Broadcasting in Europe', Parliamentary Assembly, Recommendation 1641 (Strasburg: 2004). Available at: http:/ /assembly.coe.int/Documents/ AdoptedText/TA04/EREC 164l.htm (accessed December).
33. Council of the European Union (1997) 'Treaty of Amsterdam- Protocol on the System of Public Broadcasting in the Member States' (Brussels: August).
34. Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 of 21 December 1989 on the control of concentrations between undertakings. Official journal L 395 of 30 December 1989.
35. Council Regulation (EC) No 1310/97 of 30 june 1997 amending Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 on the control of concentrations between undertakings.
36. Cowie, C. (1999) Policy and Planning- BBC, Interview (London: 13 December).
37. Cox, B. (2003) 'The Reformation of the BBC', Guardian Unlimited (February). Available at: http:/ /media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/comment/0,7 493, 888678,00.html (accessed October 2006).
38. CSA (Conseil Superieure d'Audiovisuel) (1998) 'La television publique en Europe', La Lettre, No. 111 (Paris: December).
39. Dahlgren, P. (1998) 'Public Service Media, Old and New: Vitalising a Civic Culture?' The 1998 Spry Memorial Lecture. Available at: http://www.com. umontreal.ca/spry /spry-pd-lec.html (accessed November).
40. Dahlgren, P. (ZOOO) 'Key Trends in European Television', Television Across Europe: A Comparative Introduction, eds]. Wieten, G. Murdock and P. Dahlgren (London: Sage) Z3-34.
41. Dataxis (2006) EU Market for Digital Television. Available at: http:// europa. eu. in t/ informa ti on_society I policy I ecomm/ doc/ info_ centre/ studies_ext_consult/digital_tv_final_report_cec.pdf (accessed November 2006).
42. DCMNR (Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources) (2004) 'Public Service Broadcasting Charter', (Dublin: june 2004). Available at: http://www.dcmnr.gov.ie/Broadcasting (accessed November 2004).
43. DCMS (Department for Culture Media and Sport) (1999) 'The Future Funding of the BBC' - Report of the Independent Review Panel chaired by Gavyn Davis (London: July).
44. DCMS (Department for Culture Media and Sport) (2004) 'BBC Royal Charter Review: An Analysis of Responses to the DCMS Consultation Oune 2004). Available at:http://www.bbccharterreview.org.uk/pdf_documents/ubiques_ analysis_bbccr_responses.pdf (accessed November 2006).
45. DCMS (Department for Culture Media and Sport) (2005) 'Review of the BBC's Royal Charter: A Strong BBC, Independent of Government (London: March).
46. DCMS (Department for Culture Media and Sport) (2006) 'A Public Service for All: the BBC in the Digital Age', White Paper, Cm 6763, (London: March).
47. De Bens, E. and H. de Smaele (2001) 'The Inflow of American Television Fiction on European Broadcasting Channels Revisited', European Journal of Communication 16 (1) S1-76.
48. De Espana, R. (2001) La Caja de las Corpresas. Una Historia Personal de Ia Television (Barcelona).
49. De Pablos, E. (2006) 'US Deals Help RTVE Fill Channels' Programming Blocks' Variety's Festivals and Markets, (Z April). Available at: http:/ /www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=features2006&content=jump&jump =story&dept=mip&nav=Fmip&articleid= VR1117940697 (accessed August 2006).
50. De Pablos, E. and J. Hopewell (2006) 'Local Giant Shapes Spanish Daily Life' Variety Weekend, (Z April). (Available at: http:/ /www.variety.com/ index.asp?layout = features2006&content=jump&jump=story&head=mip &nav= Fmip&articleid = VR111794070Z (accessed June 2006).
51. Deloitte & Touche (2005) 'Web TV: The Channel of the Future' (Z9 june 2005). Available at: http:/ /www.deloitte.com/dtt/press_release/0,1014,cid=87176 &pv= Y,OO.html (accessed july).
52. DSG (Digital Strategy Group) (ZOOZ) 'Media with a Purpose: Public Service Broadcasting in the Digital Era', Digital Strategy Group of the European Broadcasting Union (Geneva: November). Available at: http:// www.ebu.ch/CMSimages/en/DSG_final_report_E_tcm6-S090.pdf (accessed November 2006).
53. Duignan, C. (2005) Director of TV Programmes- RTE, Interview (Dublin: 13 April). EAO (European Audiovisual Observatory) (2005) Improvement of the Economic Situation of European Television Companies - But the Brunch as a Whole Remains in Deficit Press Release (Strasburg: lZ September).
54. EAO (European Audiovisual Observatory) (2005) Improvement of the Economic Situation of European Television Companies - But the Brunch as a Whole Remains in Deficit Press Release (Strasburg: lZ September).
55. EC (European Commission) (ZOOl) 'Communication on the Application of State Aid Rules to Public Service Broadcasting, JO C3ZO of IS November (Brussels: Commission of the European Communities).
56. EC (European Commission) (2003) 'Communication on Digital Switchover - Transition From Analogue to Digital Broadcasting, From Digital Switchover to Analogue Switch-off', COM(2003) S41 final, ZZ September (Brussels: Commission of the European Communities).
57. EC (European Commission) (2004) 'Harmonisation of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market and amending Directive ZOOl/34/EC', commonly known as the Transparency Directive 2004/109/EC (Brussels: Commission of the European Communities).
58. EC (European Commission) (2005) 'Communication on Accelerating the Transition from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting', COM(2005) Z04 final, Z4 May (Brussels: Commission of the European Communities).
59. The Economist (2006) 'Reshaping the BBC: Back on Top' (18 March) Z8-31. EEC 'Television without Frontiers' (1997) Directive (89/SSZ/89), as amended by Directive 97 /36/EC, OJ L 202, 30 July (Brussels: Commission of the European Communities).
60. EEC 'Television without Frontiers' (1997) Directive (89/SSZ/89), as amended by Directive 97 /36/EC, OJ L 202, 30 July (Brussels: Commission of the European Communities).
61. EIAA (European Interactive Advertising Association) 'Media Consumption Study II - 'Pan European Results October 04', Conducted by Millward Brown. Available at http:/ /www.t -online.de/uebertonline/marktforschung/eiaa-10-2004. pdf (accessed January 2006).
62. Enders Analysis (2005) 'Digital Terrestrial TV in France', Study conducted by Francois Godard (April).
63. EPC (European Publishers Council) (2004) Safeguarding the Future of the European Audiovisual Market- A White paper on the Financing and Regulation of Publicly Funded broadcasters (Brussels: EPC, March).
64. Ernst and Young, (199Z) Ekthesi Anadiorganosis- ERT A.E. (Report on ERT A.E.'s Restructuring) (Athens).
65. EUMAP (EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program) (2005) Television Across Europe: Regulation, Policy and Independence (Brussels: OSI's EUMAP and Media Program, 11 October). Available at: http://www.eumap.org/topics/media/ television_europe (accessed January 2006).
66. Feeney, P. (2005) Head of Public Affairs Policy- RTE, Interview (Dublin: 12 April).
67. Fontaine, G. (1999) IDATE- Communication via e-mail (8 October).
68. Galvin, P. (2005) Head of Public Affairs- RTE, Interview (Dublin: lZ April).
69. Garnham, N. (1978) New Structures of Television (London: British Film Institute).
70. Garnham, N. (1986) 'The Media and the Public Sphere', Intermedia, 14 (1) 28-33.
71. Garnham, N. and G. Locksley (1991) 'The Economics of Broadcasting', eds G. Blumler and Nositer, Broadcasting Finance in Transition (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
72. Gibson, 0. and K. Allen (2006) 'Beleaguered Broadcaster Pulls off Secret CoupDeparture Weeks Before Licence Fee Ruling' Media Guardian, 24 November, p. 1.
73. Giudicelli, L. and E. Derieux (2001) 'France', Television and Media ConcentrationRegulatory Models on the National and the European Level, ed. S. Nikoltchev (Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory) 55-62.
74. Habermas, J. (1979) 'The Public Sphere', eds A. Mattelart and S. Siegelaub, Communication and Class Struggle, New York: International General.
75. Habermas, J. (1989) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, (Cambridge: Polity Press).
76. Heilemann, J. (1994) 'Can the BBC Be Saved?' (March). Available at: http:/ /www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.03/bbc.html (accessed October 2006).
77. Hesmondhalgh, D. (2002) The Cultural Industries (London: Sage).
78. Hoynes, W. (1994) Public Television for Sale. Media, the Market, and the Public Sphere (Boulder: Westview).
79. Humphreys, P. (1996) Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
80. Hunt, J. (2005) Head of Operations - RTE Television, Interview (Dublin: 13 April).
81. IDATE (2004) Overview of the TV Markets in the 10 New EU Member States (Montpellier: November). Available at:http:/ /www.idate.fr/jii04/bio04/ actes/IDATE_Gilles_Fontaine_EU.ppt#1 (accessed July 2006).
82. Internet World Stats (2006) Internet Usage in Europe. Available at: http:/ /www.internetworldstats.com/stats4.htm (accessed July 2006).
83. Iosifidis, P. (1999) 'Diversity Versus Concentration in the Deregulated Mass Media Domain', Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 76 (1) 152-62.
84. Iosifidis, P. (2002) 'Digital Convergence: Challenges for European Regulation', Javnost/The Public 9 (3) 27-47.
85. Iosifidis, P. (2005a) 'The Application of EC Competition Policy to the Media Industry', International Journal of Media Management 7 (3 and 4) 103-11.
86. Iosifidis, P. (2005b) 'Digital Switchover and the Role of BBC Services in Digital TV Take-up', Convergence- The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 11 (3) 57-74.
87. Iosifidis, P. (2006a) 'Digital Switchover in Europe' Gazette - The International Journal for Communication Studies 68 (3) 249-67.
88. Iosifidis, P. (2006b) 'The Role of Public Service Broadcasting in Achieving Digital Switchover' RIPE@2006 conference, Amsterdam and Hilversum, 16-18 November.
89. Iosifidis, P., J. Steemers and M. Wheeler (2005) European Television Industries (London: British Film Institute).
90. Ishikawa, S. (1996) Quality Assessment in Television (Luton: John Libbey Media).
91. IsiCult (2004) (Instituto italiano per l'Industria Culturale)/Screen Digest Report Observatory of Public Service Broadcasting in Europe (May).
92. Jakubowicz, K. (2006) Keynote speech, RIPE@2006 conference, Amsterdam and Hilversum, 16-18 November.
93. James, A. (2005) 'Adieu? Non! Topper Hangs On- Tessier Hustles for New Term at Gaul's Powerful Pub-caster' Variety (19 January). Available at: http:/ /www.variety.com/article/VR1117924658?categoryid= 14&cs= 1 (accessed May 2006).
94. Johnson, B. (2006) 'Britain Turns off- and Log's on', Guardian, 8 March. Available at http:/ /business.guardian.co.uk/story/o, 1726126,00.html (accessed March 2007).
95. Jupiter Research (2004a) Evolution of Media Use in Europe- Web Impacting Consumption, Oupiter Research Press Release, 2 December). Available at:http:/ /www. theregister.co.uk/2004/12/02/europeans_ditch_tv (accessed January 2006).
96. Jupiter Research (2004b) Europeans Ditch TV for PC Oupiter Research Press Release). Available athttp:/ /www. theregister.co.uk/2004/12/02/ europeans_ ditch_tv/ (accessed February 2006).
97. Kagan World Media (1999) Annual Report.
98. Kathimerini (2005) 'Oi 5 Axones gia Isxyri ERT' (5 Axes for a Strong ERT) (Athens: 31 March).
99. Kean, J. (1991) The Media and Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press).
100. Kevin, D. et al. (2004) The Information of the Citizen in the EU: Obligations for the Media and the Institutions Concerning the Citizen's Right to be Fully and Objectively Informed, Final Report prepared on behalf of the European Parliament (Dusseldorf: European Institute for the Media, 31 August).
101. Kirsch, T. (2004) Television 2004 - International Key Facts, IP Germany. Available at: http:/ /www.ip-deutschland.de/ipdeutschland/download-data/ TV2004-TV-Viewing.pdf (accessed June 2006).
102. KPMG (2003) ERT's Strategic and Operational Plan 2003-08 (Athens: KPMG, June.
103. Kuhn, R. (2006) 'The Third Age of Public Television in France', paper submitted to PIRE@2006 conference, Amsterdam and Hilversum, 16-18 November.
104. Kuhn, R. and J. Stanyer (2001) 'Television and the State' eds. Scriven, M. and M. Lecomte Television Broadcasting in Contemporary France and Britain (London: Sage) 2-15.
105. Leiner, B. M. (2000) A Brief History of the Internet. Available at: http:/ /www.isoc. org/internet-history/brief.html (accessed June 2006).
106. Leon, B. (2004) Prime-time Programming in European Public Television: Information, Entertainment and Diversity. GLOBAPLUR Project (Spain: University of Navarra).
107. Leon, B. (2006) University of Navarra, communication via e-mail (September).
108. Levy, D. (2006) Head of Public Affairs, BBC, Interview (London: 28 January). L'Express, 11 March 2002.
109. Loebbecke, C. and R. G. Picard (2005) The Impact of Regulatory Issues and Market Structure on the Digital Television Industry: A Comparison of the German and Swedish Markets Working paper Series No. 2005-2 Oonkoping, Sweden: Jonkoping International Business School).
110. Lovegrove, N. and L. Enriquez (2002) 'Promoting Investment and Quality'. Television and Beyond: The Next Ten Years (London: Independent Television Commission).
111. Lundberg, P. (2006) 'Scandinavia: Games Goose Nordic Ratings' Variety, 2 April. Available at: (accessed November).
112. McGonagle, M. (2005) 'Country Report - Ireland', EU Commission Report on Co-regulation Measures in the Media Sector. Available at http://co-reg. hans-bredow-institut.de and http:/ /europa.eu.int/comm/avpolicy (accessed November 2006).
113. McKinsey & Company (1999) Public Service Broadcasters Around the World McKinsey Report for the BBC (London: January).
114. McKinsey & Company (2004) Review of Public Service Broadcasting Around the World, (London: September). Available at: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/ condocs/psb2/psb2/psbwp/wp3mck.pdf (accessed August 2006).
115. McLaughlin, C. (2005) Regulator ComReg, Interview (Dublin: 13 April).
116. McQuail, D. (1992) Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest (London: Sage).
117. McQuail, D. (1998) 'Commercialisation and Beyond' Media Policy: Convergence, Concentration and Commerce, eds D. McQuail and K. Sinue (London: Sage) 107-27.
118. Media 2007: Programme of Support for the European Audiovisual Sector. Available at http:/ /europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lrb/124224a.htm (accessed March 2007).
119. Mediametric (2006) Annee TV 2006.
120. Meijer, I. C. (2005) 'Impact or Content? - Ratings vs. Quality in Public Broadcasting', European Journal of Communication, 20 (1): 27-53.
121. MORI (2005) Research on BBC New Services (London: March). Available at: http://www. bbc .co. uk/thefuture/pdfs/bbc_licence:information3. pdf (accessed October 2006).
122. Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (1999) State into Public: The Failed Reform of State TV in East Central Europe (The Joan Shorenstein Centre on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, Working Paper Series). Available at: http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/ presspol/Research_Publications/Papers/Working_Papers/2000_6.PDF (accessed December 2005).
123. Murdock, G. (2000) 'Digital Futures in the Age of Convergence' Television Across Europe: A Comparative Introduction, eds J. Wieten, G. Murdock and P. Dahlgren (London: Sage) 35-57.
124. Murphy, R. (2005) Managing Editor RTE e-publishing, Interview (Dublin: 13 April).
125. Murray, Ann-Marie (2006) 'Rationalisation of Public Service Broadcasting: Scheduling as a Tool of Management in RTE Television' Paper submitted to PIRE@2006 conference, Amsterdam and Hilversum, 16-8 November.
126. Nasopoulos, D. (2006) 'Terata Disekatommyrion stin ERT' (ERT's Multi-million Deals), To VIMA, 27 May.
127. Nicholls, D. (2004) 'Diabolical RTVE' National, TV Radio, Barcelona Business (1 June). Available at: http://www.spainmedia.com/index.php?p=31 (accessed August 2006).
128. Nissen, C. S. (2006) Public Service Media in the Information Society, Report prepared for the Coundl of Europe's Group of Spedalists on Public Service Broadcasting in the Information Sodety (MC-S-PSB) (Media Division, Directorate General of Human Rights, Council of Europe, February). Available at: http:/ /www.coe.int/ t/e/human_rights/media/1_Intergovernmental_Co-operation/MC-S-PSB/ H-Info(2006)003_en.pdf (accessed July 2006).
129. Nordic PSB Public Service broadcasting in the Nordic Countries (2004). Available at: http://www.dr.dk/omdr/pdf/NordiskPSB.pdf (accessed November 2006).
130. O'Connor, A. (2005) Special Advisor to the Director General RTE, Interview (Dublin: 13 April).
131. Odell, M. and A. Edgecliffe-Johnson (2005) 'Convergence: The Dirty Buzzword from the Nineties is Back with a Vengeance' Financial Times (11 November) 23.
132. O'Doherty, M. (2005) Manager of Publishing, RTE, Interview (Dublin: 13 April).
133. Ofcom (2004) Public Consultation on Quality (London: Ofcom, 21 April2004). Available at: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/psb/psb/volume2/ quality (accessed September).
134. Ofcom (2005) Review of Public Service Television Broadcasting: Phase 3 - Competition for Quality (London: Ofcom, 8 February). Available at:http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/psb3/psb3.pdf (accessed October 2006).
135. Ofcom (2006) The Communications Market Interim Report (London: Ofcom, February). Available at:http:/ /www.ofcom.org.uk/accessibility/rtfs/research/ feb2006_report.rtf (accessed July 2006).
136. Oliver & Ohlbaum (2004) An Assessment of the Market Impact of the BBC's Digital TV Services, Report for the BBC's submission to the DCMS Review (London: Oliver & Ohlbaum Associates Ltd, March).
137. Opinion Leader Research (2006) BBC Governors' Licence Fee Bid Forum - Findings from a One-day Citizens' Forum, Prepared for BBC Governance Unit (March). Available at:http:/ /www.bbcgovernors.co.uk/docs/reviews/olr_citizensforum. pdf (accessed October 2006).
138. Padovani, C. and M. Tracey (2003) 'Report on the Conditions of Public Service Broadcasting', Television and New Media, 4 (2) 131-53.
139. Panagiotou, P. (2000) 'To Programma tis Prooris Syntaxiodotisis tis ERT' (ERT's Early Retirement Programme) To Ethnos tis Kyriakis (Athens: 30 january).
140. Panhellenic Confederation of Trades Unions of ERT (POSP/ERT) (1997) Organotiki Anasigkrotisi tis ERT (ERT's Restructuring), (Athens: May)
141. Papathanassopoulos, S. (2002) European Television in the Digital Age (Oxford: Polity Press).
142. Papatheodorou, F. and D. Machin (2003) 'The Umbilical Cord That Was Never Cut- the Post-Dictatorial Intimacy Between the Political Elite and the Mass Media in Greece and Spain', European Journal of Communication 18 (1) 31-54.
143. Peacock Report (1986) Report of the Committee on Financing the BBC, Cmnd 9824 (London: July).
144. PWC (Price-Waterhouse-Coopers) (2004) RTE Licence Fee Adjustment Review (Dublin: PWC, 30 November. Available at: http://www.dcmnr.gov.ie/NR/ rdonlyres/5A9E6C09-EB10-4DDA-B419-42AAOA9D43DF/0/041213RTEFOI Report. pdf (accessed October 2006).
145. Raboy, M. (1996) 'Public Service broadcasting in the context of Globalization', Introduction toM. Raboy, ed. Public Broadcasting in the 21st Century (Luton: john Libbey Media/University of Luton Press).
146. Radio and Television Act 1988, Number 20 of 1988. Available at: http:// www.bci.ie/documents/88act.pdf (accessed November 2006).
147. Reding, V. (2004) EC Commissioner for Information Society and Media, Sport and Television: Ready to Face New Challenges? Speech (Monaco: 11 October).
148. Reding, V. (2005) EC Commissioner for Information Society and Media, 'Convergence is Here'! Speech, 4th Bienne Comdfays (Switzerland 31 October). Available at: http:/ /www.followthemedia.com/mediarules/comdays311 02005.htm (accessed November 2005).
149. The Register (2006) RTE Trials Mobile TV in Dublin (12 june). Available at: http:/ /www.theregister.co.uk/2006/06/12/bt_rte_movio (accessed November 2006).
150. RTE (Radio Telefis Eireann) (2002) Application for Licence Fee Increase to the Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources (Dublin: RTE, November). Available at: http:/ /www.rte.ie/about/2002finalapp.pdf (accessed November 2006).
151. RTE (Radio Telefis Eireann) (2004) RTE's Commitment to Our Audience. Available at: http:/ /www.rte.ie/about/organisation/2004_commitments_english.pdf (accessed November 2006).
152. RTE (Radio Telefis Eireann) (2005) RTE Annual Report. Available at: http:/ /www.rte.ie/about/ar2005/english/note 1.html (accessed November 2006).
153. RTE (Radio Telefis Eireann) (2006) Corporate Responsibility. Available at: http:/ /www.rte.ie/about/cr_report_english.pdf (accessed November 2006).
154. RTVE (2004) Annual Report. Available at: http:/ /www.rtve.es/institucional/ Documentos/lnforme_RTVE2004.pdf (accessed October 2006)
155. Sanchez-Tabemero, A. (1999) Universidad de Navarra, Communication via e-mail (11 December).
156. Schwartz, P. (2005) 'Privatise Public Television', The Spain Herald (14 March). Available at: http:/ /www.spainherald.com/403.html (accessed June 2006).
157. Screen Digest (1996) Level of Advertising Revenue for Public and Private Channels in Europe (April).
158. Skelly, B. (2006) 'TV Market Heats Up' Irish Marketing and Advertising Journal (6 June). Available at: http:/ /www.adworld.ie/features/?guid= lla4a722-83bf- 4ac5-bfec-36258a5fbf46 (accessed November 2006).
159. Starr,J. M. (2004) An Alternative View of the Future of Public Television, (Chicago: University of Chicago Cultural Policy Centre, 1 December). Available at: http:/ /www.cipbonline.org/JerrysAltemate View.htm (accessed July 2006).
160. Stromqvist, D. (2005). Programme Policy and Scheduling, SVT, Interview (Stockholm: 3 May).
161. SVT Annual Reports 2002, 2005. Television Business International, TV in the World.
162. Terzis, G. and M. Kontochristou (2004) 'Greek Media Landscape', European Media Landscape (December). Available at:http:/ /www.ejc.nl/jr/emland/ greece.html (accessed November 2006).
163. Timms, D. 'BBC Presses for 150 Licence Fee' Media Guardian (11 October 2005). Available at: http:/ /media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0, 14173,1589563, OO.html (accessed December 2005).
164. Tracey, M. (1998) The Decline and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
165. Tsakiris, K. (2000) Head of Technical Services- ERT, Interview (Athens: 23 April).
166. Tsourvakas, G. (2004) 'Public Television Programming Strategy Before and After Competition: The Greek Case', Journal of Media Economics, 17 (3) 193-205.
167. Tunstall,J. (2003) 'The United Kingdom', Euromedia Book (London: Sage, 2003).
168. Variety (2006) Local Giant Shapes Spanish Daily Life 2 April.
169. Veljanovski, C. (1990) The Media in Britain Today (London: News International pic, 1990).
170. Wells, M. (2003) 'Digital TV at Turning Point as Converts Top 50o/o', Guardian (17 December).
171. Wieten, J., G. Murdock and P. Dahlgren (2000) Television Across Europe (London: Sage).
172. Winslow, G. (2005a) 'The Road to the New BBC', World Screen (April). Available at: http://www.worldscreen.com/featuresarchive.php?filename=0404bbc.htm (accessed November 2006).
173. Winslow, G. (2005b) 'The Pubcasters' World Screen (April2005b). Available at: http://www.worldscreen.com/featurescurrent.php?filename=0405pub.htm (accessed July 2006).
174. World Screen (2006) TV Europe. Available at: http://www.worldscreen.com/ europe.php (accessed August 2006).
175. Yankee Group (2004) 3G Forecasts in Europe. Available at: https://333.3gnews room.com/3g_news/mar_04/news_4268.shtml (accessed May 2005).
176. Zenith Media (1999) Television in Europe (9 September).
177. Zenith/Optimedia (2005) 'TV Ad Spending Set to Peak in 2006' available at: http:/ /money.cnn.com/2005 /04/18/ news/fortune500/tv advertising (accessed November 2005).