Concurrent and sustained cumulative effects of adolescent marijuana use on subclinical psychotic symptoms

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 173, Issue 8, 2016, Pages 781-789

  Bechtold, Jordan ^a   Hipwell, Alison ^a   Lewis, David A ^a   Loeber, Rolf ^a   Pardini, Dustin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSTINENCE; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; CANNABIS SMOKING; CHILD; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; MALE; MODEL; PARANOIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SELF REPORT; SUBCLINICAL PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOM; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; COMPLICATION; CONTROL; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MARIJUANA ABUSE; PENNSYLVANIA; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOSES, SUBSTANCE-INDUCED; RISK FACTOR; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

CANNABIS; STREET DRUG;

ADOLESCENT; CANNABIS; CHILD; COHORT STUDIES; COMORBIDITY; HUMANS; INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; PENNSYLVANIA; PSYCHOSES, SUBSTANCE-INDUCED; RISK FACTORS; STREET DRUGS; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 84991201225     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: 15357228     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15070878     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Casadio P, Fernandes C, Murray RM, et al: Cannabis use in young people: the risk for schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35: 1779-1787
2. Semple DM, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM: Cannabis as a risk factor for psychosis: systematic review. J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19:187-194
3. Wilkinson ST, Radhakrishnan R, D'Souza DC: Impact of cannabis use on the development of psychotic disorders. Curr Addict Rep 2014; 1:115-128
4. Moore TH, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A, et al: Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2007; 370:319-328
5. Kuepper R, van Os J, Lieb R, et al: Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study. BMJ 2011; 342:d738
6. Mathers DC, Ghodse AH: Cannabis and psychotic illness. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 161:648-653
7. Negrete JC, Knapp WP, Douglas DE, et al: Cannabis affects the severity of schizophrenic symptoms: results of a clinical survey. Psychol Med 1986; 16:515-520
8. Radhakrishnan R, Wilkinson ST, D'Souza DC: Gone to pot-a review of the association between cannabis and psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:54
9. Thornicroft G: Cannabis and psychosis: is there epidemiological evidence for an association? Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157:25-33
10. Freeman D, Dunn G, Murray RM, et al: How cannabis causes paranoia: using the intravenous administration of ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to identify key cognitive mechanisms leading to paranoia. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:391-399
11. Pardini D, White HR, Xiong S, et al: Unfazed or dazed and confused: does early adolescent marijuana use cause sustained impairments in attention and academic functioning? J Abnorm Child Psychol 2015; 43:1203-1217
12. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Poulton R, et al: Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study. BMJ 2002; 325:1212-1213
13. Zammit S, Allebeck P, Andreasson S, et al: Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study. BMJ 2002; 325:1199
14. Henquet C, Krabbendam L, Spauwen J, et al: Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people. BMJ 2004; 330:1-5
15. Manrique-Garcia E, Zammit S, Dalman C, et al: Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of follow-up of a population-based cohort. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1321-1328
16. Andréasson S, Allebeck P, Rydberg U: Schizophrenia in users and nonusers of cannabis: a longitudinal study in StockholmCounty. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989; 79:505-510
17. Andréasson S, Allebeck P, Engström A, et al: Cannabis and schizophrenia: a longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet 1987; 2:1483-1486
18. van Os J, Bak M, Hanssen M, et al: Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 319-327
19. Chambers RA, Krystal JH, Self DW: A neurobiological basis for substance abuse comorbidity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50:71-83
20. Phillips P, Johnson S: How does drug and alcohol misuse develop among people with psychotic illness? a literature review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001; 36:269-276
21. Phillips LJ, Curry C, Yung AR, et al: Cannabis use is not associated with the development of psychosis in an 'ultra' high-risk group. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002; 36:800-806
22. Tsuang MT, Simpson JC, Kronfol Z: Subtypes of drug abuse with psychosis. demographic characteristics, clinical features, and family history. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:141-147
23. Sevy S, Robinson DG, Napolitano B, et al: Are cannabis use disorders associated with an earlier age at onset of psychosis? a study in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2010; 120:101-107
24. Allison PD: Fixed Effects Regression Models. Thousand Oaks, Calif, Sage Publications, 2009
25. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM: Tests of causal linkages between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms. Addiction 2005; 100:354-366
26. Griffith-Lendering MF, Wigman JT, Prince van Leeuwen A, et al: Cannabis use and vulnerability for psychosis in early adolescence- a TRAILS study. Addiction 2013; 108:733-740
27. Loeber R, Farrington DP, Stouthamer-Loeber M, et al: Violence and Serious Theft: Development and Prediction From Childhood to Adulthood. New York, Routledge, 2008
28. Meier MH, Caspi A, Ambler A, et al: Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109:E2657-E2664
29. Loeber R, Farrington DP, Stouthamer-Loeber M, et al: Antisocial Behavior and Mental Health Problems: Explanatory Factors in Childhood and Adolescence. New York, Routledge, 1998
30. Achenbach TM: Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR, and TRF Profiles. Burlington, Vt, University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, 1991
31. Welham J, Scott J, Williams G, et al: Emotional and behavioural antecedents of young adults who screen positive for non-affective psychosis: a 21-yearbirthcohort study. PsycholMed2009; 39:625-634
32. Kaymaz N, Drukker M, Lieb R, et al: Do subthreshold psychotic experiences predict clinical outcomes in unselected non-helpseeking population-based samples? a systematic review and meta-analysis, enriched with newresults. Psychol Med 2012; 42: 2239-2253
33. IvanovaMY, AchenbachTM, Rescorla LA, et al: The generalizability of the Youth Self-Report syndrome structure in 23 societies. J Consult Clin Psychol 2007; 75:729-738
34. StataCorp: Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. College Station, Tex, StataCorp, 2011
35. Gardiner JC, Luo Z, Roman LA: Fixed effects, random effects and GEE: what are the differences? Stat Med 2009; 28:221-239
36. Dominguez MD, Wichers M, Lieb R, et al: Evidence that onset of clinical psychosis is an outcome of progressively more persistent subclinical psychotic experiences: an 8-year cohort study. Schizophr Bull 2011; 37:84-93
37. Kelleher I, Keeley H, Corcoran P, et al: Clinicopathological significance of psychotic experiences in non-psychotic young people: evidence from four population-based studies. Br J Psychiatry 2012; 201:26-32
38. De Loore E, Gunther N, Drukker M, et al: Persistence and outcome of auditory hallucinations in adolescence: a longitudinal general population study of 1800 individuals. Schizophr Res 2011; 127: 252-256
39. Mackie CJ, Castellanos-Ryan N, Conrod PJ: Developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences across adolescence: impact of victimization and substance use. Psychol Med 2011; 41:47-58
40. Bechtold J, Simpson T, White H, et al: Chronic marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood as a risk factor for physical and mental health problems at age 36. Psychol Addict Behav 2015; 29: 552-563
41. Mehmedic Z, Chandra S, Slade D, et al: Potency trends of D9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008. J Forensic Sci 2010; 55:1209-1217