Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2015, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Mcdonnell, Michelle N ^a   Hillier, Susan L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO;

ADULT; ADVERSE EVENT; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COMMUNITY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZZINESS; DIZZINESS HANDICAP INVENTORY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PHYSIOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RATING SCALE; REHABILITATION; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; SYMPTOM; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VESTIBULAR DISORDER; VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION; VISION; WALKING; KINESIOTHERAPY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SENSATION DISORDERS; VERTIGO; VESTIBULAR DISEASES; VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH;

ADULT; DIZZINESS; EXERCISE MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; POSTURAL BALANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SENSATION DISORDERS; VERTIGO; VESTIBULAR DISEASES; VESTIBULE, LABYRINTH;

EID: 84990952980     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub4     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Barozzi S, Berardino F, Arisi E, Cesarini A. A comparison between oculomotor rehabilitation and vestibular electrical stimulation in unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit. International Tinnitus Journal 2006;12:45-9.
2. Basta D, Rossi-Izquierdo M, Soto-Varela A, Greters ME, Bittar RS, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, et al. Efficacy of a vibrotactile neurofeedback training in stance and gait conditions for the treatment of balance deficits: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Otology & Neurology 2011;32:1492-9.
3. Cakrt O, Chovanec M, Funda T, Kalitova P, Betka J, Zverina E, et al. Exercise with visual feedback improves postural stability after vestibular schwannoma surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2010;236:1355-60.
4. Chang W, Yang Y, Hsu L, Chern C, Wang R. Balance improvement in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Clinical Rehabilitation 2008;22(4):338-47.
5. Cohen HS, Kimball KT, Jenkins HA. Factors affecting recovery after acoustic neuroma resection. Acta Otolaryngologica 2002;122:841-50.
6. Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Changes in a repetitive head movement task after vestibular rehabilitation. Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;18:125-31.
7. Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Decreased ataxia and improved balance after vestibular rehabilitation. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2004;130:418-25.
8. Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Increased independence and decreased vertigo after vestibular rehabilitation. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2003;128:60-70.
9. Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Effectiveness of treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal. Otology and Neurology 2005;26:1034-40.
10. Foster CA, Ponnapan A, Zaccaro K, Strong D. A comparison of two home exercises for benign positional vertigo: half somersault versus Epley maneuver. Audiology and Neurotology. Extra 2012;2:16-23.
11. Garcia AP, Gananca MM, Cusin FS, Tomaz A, Gananca FF, Caovilla HH. Vestibular rehabilitation with virtual reality in Meniere's disease. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2013;79(3):366-74.
12. Giray M, Kirazli Y, Karapolat H, Celebisoy N, Bilgen C, Kirazli T. Short-term effects of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with chronic unilateral vestibular dysfunction: a randomised controlled study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009;90(8):1325-31.
13. Herdman SJ, Clendaniel RA, Mattox DE, Holliday MJ, Niparko JK. Vestibular adaptation exercises and recovery: acute stage after acoustic neuroma resection. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1995;113:77-87.
14. Herdman SJ, Schubert MC, Das VE, Tusa RJ. Recovery of dynamic visual acuity in unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2003;129:819-24.
15. Horak FB, Jones-Rycewicz C, Black FO, Shumway-Cook A. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation on dizziness and imbalance. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1992;106(2):175-80.
16. Kammerlind AC, Ledin TEA, Odkvist LM, Skargren EIB. Effects of home training and additional physical therapy on recovery after acute unilateral vestibular loss - a randomized study. Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;19:54-62.
17. Karanjai S, Saha AK. Evaluation of vestibular exercises in the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2010;62:202-7.
18. Krebs DE, Gill-Body KM, Parker SW, Ramirez JV, Wernick-Robinson M. Vestibular rehabilitation: useful but not universally so. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2003;128:240-50.
19. Kulcu D, Yanik B, Boynukalin S, Kurtais Y. Efficacy of a home-based exercise program on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo compared with betahistine. Journal of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 2008;37(3):373-9.
20. Marioni G, Fermo S, Zanon D, Bri N, Staffieri A. Early rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders: a prospective, randomized investigation using computerized posturography. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2013;270:425-35.
21. Morozetti PG, Gananca CF, Chiari BM. Comparison of different protocols for vestibular rehabilitation in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders. Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia 2011;23:44-50.
22. Mruzek M, Barin K, Nichols DS, Burnett CN, Welling DB. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation and social reinforcement on recovery following ablative vestibular surgery. Laryngoscope 1995;105:686-92.
23. Pavlou M, Lingeswaran A, Davies RA, Gresty MA, Bronstein AM. Simulator based rehabilitation in refractory dizziness. Journal of Neurology 2004;251:983-95.
24. Pavlou M, Kanegaonkar RG, Swapp D, Bamiou DE, Slater M, Luxon LM. The effect of virtual reality on visual vertigo symptoms in patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction: a pilot study. Journal of Vestibular Research 2012;22:273-81.
25. Resende CR, Taguchi CK, de Almeida JG, Fujita RR. Vestibular rehabilitation in elderly patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2003;69(4):535-40.
26. Rossi-Izquierdo M, Santos-Perez S, Soto-Varela A. What is the most effective vestibular rehabilitation technique in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders?. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2011;268:1569-74.
27. Rossi-Izquierdo M, Santos-Perez S, Rubio-Rodriguez JP, Lirola-Delgado A, Zubizarreta-Gutierrez A, San Roman-Rodriguez E, et al. What is the optimal number of treatment sessions of vestibular rehabilitation?. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2013 Mar 7 [Epub ahead of print].
28. Scott B, Larsen H-C, Lyttkens L, Melin L. An experimental evaluation of the effects of transcutaneous nerve stimulation and applied relaxation on hearing ability, tinnitus and dizziness in patients with Menieres disease. British Journal of Audiology 1994;28:131-40.
29. Strupp M, Arbusow V, Maag KP, Gall C, Brandt T. Vestibular exercises improve central vestibulospinal compensation after vestibular neuritis. Neurology 1998;51:838-44.
30. Szturm T, Ireland DJ, Lessing-Turner M. Comparison of different exercise programs in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Journal of Vestibular Research 1994;4:461-79.
31. Teggi R, Caldirola D, Fabiano B, Pecanati P, Bussi M. Rehabilitation after acute vestibular disorders. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 2009;123:397-402.
32. Toledo H, Cortés ML, Pane C, Trujillo V. Semont maneuver and vestibular rehabilitation exercises in the treatment of benign paroxysmal postural vertigo. A comparative study. Neurologia 2000;15(4):152-7.
33. Soto Varela A, Bartual Magro J, Santos Perez S, Velez Regueiro M, Lechuga Garcia R, Perez-Carro Rios A, et al. Benign paroxysmal vertigo: a comparative prospective study of the efficacy of Brandt and Daroffexercises, Semont and Epley manoeuvre. Revue de Laryngologie Otologie Rhinologie 2001;122:179-83.
34. Venosa A, Bittar R. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises in acute vertigo. Laryngoscope 2007;117:1482-7.
35. Vereeck L, Wuyts F, Truijen S, De Valck C, Van de Heyning P. The effect of early customised vestibular rehabilitation on balance after acoustic neuroma resection. Clinical Rehabilitation 2008;22:698-713.
36. Winkler PA, Esses B. Platform tilt perturbation as an intervention for people with chronic vestibular dysfunction. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 2011;35:105-15.
37. Yardley L, Beech S, Zander L, Evans T, Weinman J. A randomised controlled trial of exercise therapy for dizziness and vertigo in primary care. British Journal of General Practice 1998;48:1136-40.
38. Yardley L, Donovan-Hall M, Smith HE, Walsh BM, Mullee M, Bronstein AM. Effectiveness of primary care-based vestibular rehabilitation for chronic dizziness. Annals of Internal Medicine 2004;141:598-605.
39. Yardley L, Kirby S. Evaluation of booklet-based self management of symptoms in Meniere Disease: a randomised controlled trial. Psychosomatic Medicine 2006;68:762-9.
40. Yardley L, Barker F, Muller I, Turner D, Kirby S, Mullee M, et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of booklet based vestibular rehabilitation for chronic dizziness in primary care: single blind, parallel group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012;355:e2237. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e2237]
41. Zimbelman JE, Stoecker J, Haberkamp TJ. Outcomes in vestibular rehabilitation. Physical Therapy Case Reports 1999;2:232-40.
42. Amor-Dorado JC, Barreira-Fernandez MP, Aran-Gonzalez I, Casariego-Vales E, Llorca J, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Particle repositioning maneuver versus Brandt-Daroffexercise for treatment of unilateral idiopathic BPPV of the posterior semicircular canal: a randomized prospective clinical trial with short- and long-term outcome. Otology & Neurotology 2012;33(8):1401-7.
43. Andersson G, Asmundson G, Denev J, Nilsson J, Larsen HC. A controlled trial of cognitive-behaviour therapy combined with vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006;44:1265-73.
44. Angeli S, Hawley R, Gomez O. Systematic approach to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2003;128(5):719-25.
45. Bielinska MH, Zielinska-Blizniewska H, Pietkiewicz P, Olszewski J. The evaluation of the efficiency of kinesitherapy in the patients with mixed-type vertigo. Otolaryngologia Polska 2012;66(5):337-41.
46. Cronin GW, Steenerson RL. Disequilibrium of aging: response to a 3-month program of vestibular therapy. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics 2011;29(2):148-55.
47. Ellialtioglu A, Karan A, Erdamar B, Aksoy C. The beneficial effect of habituation exercises added on particle repositioning manoeuvre on life quality of patients with BPPV. Turkiye Fiziksel Tip Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 2003;49:36-41.
48. Enticott J, Vitkovic J, Reid B, O'Neill P, Paine M. Vestibular rehabilitation in individuals with inner-ear dysfunction: a pilot study. Audiology and Neuro-otology 2008;13(1):19-28.
49. Gurkov R, Filipe Mingas LB, Rader T, Louza J, Olzowy B, Krause E. Effect of transtympanic low-pressure therapy in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease unresponsive to betahistine: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 2012;126(4):356-62.
50. Hall CD, Heusel-Gillig L, Tusa RJ, Herdman SJ. Efficacy of gaze stability exercises in older adults with dizziness. Journal of Neurological Physical Therapy 2010;34:64-9.
51. Hansson EE, Mansson N-O, Hakansson A. Effects of specific rehabilitation for dizziness among patients in primary health care: a randomised controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;18:558-65.
52. Hansson EE, Mansson N-O, Ringsberg KAM, Hakansson A. Dizziness among patients with whiplash-associated disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2006;38:387-90.
53. Ipek D, Tekat A, Imamoglu O. The effect of head neck motion on vertigo in vestibular rehabilitation. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 2011;22(2):122.
54. Jauregui-Renaud K, Villanueva-Padron L, Cruz G. The effect of vestibular rehabilitation supplemented by training of the breathing rhythm or proprioception exercises in patients with chronic peripheral vestibular disease. Journal of Vestibular Research 2007;17(1):63-72.
55. Johansson M, Akerlund D, Larsen HC, Andersson G. Randomized controlled trial of vestibular rehabilitation combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for dizziness in older people. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2001;125(3):151-6.
56. Krueger WW. Controlling motion sickness and spatial disorientation and enhancing vestibular rehabilitation with a user-worn see-through display. Laryngoscope 2011;121(Suppl 2):S17-35.
57. Lauenroth A, Pudszuhn A, Bloching M, Esperer MD, Hottenrott K, Becker S, et al. Three-dimensional training therapy in vestibular neuropathy. Manuelle Medizin 2008;46:219-27.
58. Lauenroth A, Knipping S, Schwesig R. Vestibular disorders. Effects of sensorimotor training on postural regulation and on recovery process. HNO 2012;60(8):692-9.
59. Lillet-Leclercq C, Lillet M, Demanez JP. Benign paroxysmal vertigo: comparison of 2 rehabilitation methods. Acta Oto-Laryngologica Belgica 1989;43:351-60.
60. Loader B, Grunther W, Mueller CA, Neuwirth G, Thurner S, Ehrenberger K, et al. Improved postural control after computerized optokinetic therapy based on stochastic visual stimulation in patients with vestibular dysfunction. Journal of Vestibular Research 2007;17:131-6.
61. Maciaszek J, Osinski W. Effect of Tai Chi on body balance: randomized controlled trial in elderly men with dizziness. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2012;40(2):245-53.
62. McGibbon CA, Krebs DE, Parker SW, Scarborough DM, Wayne PM, Wolf SL. Tai Chi and vestibular rehabilitation improve vestibulopathic gait via different neuromuscular mechanisms: preliminary report. BMC Neurology 2005;5(1):3.
63. McGibbon CA, Krebs DE, Wolf SL, Wayne PM, Scarborough DM, Parker SW. Tai chi and vestibular rehabilitation effects on gaze and whole-body stability. Journal of Vestibular Research 2004;14:467-78.
64. Meli A, Zimatore G, Badaracco C, De Angelis E, Tufarelli D. Vestibular rehabilitation and 6-month follow-up using objective and subjective measures. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 2006;126:259-66.
65. Miranda MÁ, Santana Álvarez J, Fernandez Alvarez AC. Peripheral vertiginous syndrome: individualized program of physical exercises for its rehabilitation [Síndrome vertiginoso periférico: programa individualizado de ejercicios físicos para su rehabilitación]. Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey 2010;14(3):0-0.
66. Oh S-Y, Kim J-S, Jeong S-H, Oh Y-M, Choi K-D, Kim B-K, et al. Treatment of apogeotropic benign positional vertigo: comparison of therapeutic head-shaking and modified Semont maneuver. Journal of Neurology 2009;256:1330-6.
67. Orendorz-Fraczkowska K, Pospiech L, Gawron W. Associated treatment of vestibular receptor impairment by means of physical therapy and Gingko biloba extract. Otolaryngologia Polska 2002;1:83-9.
68. Prasansuk S, Siriyananda C, Nakorn AN, Atipas S, Chongvisal S. Balance disorders in the elderly and the benefit of balance exercise. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2004;87:1225-33.
69. Rossi-Izquierdo M, Ernst A, Soto-Varela A, Santos-Perez S, Faraldo-Garcia A, Sesar-Ignacio A, et al. Vibrotactile neurofeedback balance training in patients with Parkinson's disease: reducing the number of falls. Gait and Posture 2013;37:195-200.
70. Rzewnickin I, Rogowski M. Vestibular rehabilitation of vertigo and dizziness. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 2008;24:244-6.
71. Simoceli L, Bittar RSM, Sznifer J. Adaptation exercises of vestibulo-ocular reflex on balance in the elderly. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 2008;12:183-8.
72. Sparrer I, Duong Dinh TA, Ilgner J, Westhofen M. Vestibular rehabilitation using the Nintendo(R) Wii Balance Board - a user-friendly alternative for central nervous compensation. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 2013;133(3):239-45.
73. Steenerson RL, Cronin GW. Comparison of the canalith repositioning procedure and vestibular habituation training in forty patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1996;114(1):61-4.
74. Viirre E, Sitarz R. Vestibular rehabilitation using visual displays: preliminary study. Laryngoscope 2002;112:500-3.
75. Wrisley D, Stephens MJ. The effects of rotational platform training on balance and ADLs. Conference proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2011;2011:3529-32.
76. Yardley L, Beech S, Weinman J. Influence of beliefs about the consequences of dizziness on handicap in people with dizziness, and the effect of therapy on beliefs. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2001;50:1-6.
77. Winoto A. Does adding otolith specific exercises to a standard vestibular rehabilitation programme improve outcomes for adults with inner ear dizziness?. http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/trial.aspx?trialid=ACTRN12609000284268 (accessed 25 August 2010). [ACTRN12609000284268]
78. Aquaroni Ricci N, Aratani MC, Caovilla HH, Gananca FF. Effects of conventional versus multimodal vestibular rehabilitation on functional capacity and balance control in older people with chronic dizziness from vestibular disorders: design of a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2012;13:246.
79. Essery R. Online dizziness intervention for older adults: a randomised controlled trial. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN86912968 2013. [ISRCTN86912968]
80. Meldrum D, Herdman S, Moloney R, Murray D, Duffy D, Malone K, et al. Effectiveness of conventional versus virtual reality based vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness, gait, balance impairment in adults with unilateral peripheral vestibular loss: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Ear, Nose & Throat Disorders 2012;12:3-8.
81. Mørkved S. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with acute vestibular loss - a randomized controlled trial. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00702832 (accessed 25 August 2010). [NCT00702832]
82. Balaban C, Hoffer M, Gottshall K. Top-down approach to vestibular compensation: translational lessons from vestibular rehabilitation. Brain Research 2012;1482:101-11.
83. Balaguer Garcia R, Corresa S, Bertomeu J, Suarez-Varela M. Static posturography with dynamic tests. Usefulness of biomechanical parameters in assessing vestibular patients. Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2012;63(5):332-8.
84. Baloh RW. Vestibular neuritis. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;348:1027-32.
85. Brandt T. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Vestibular Dysfunction and its Therapy. Basel: Karger, 1999:169-94.
86. Cabrera Kang CM, Tusa RJ. Vestibular rehabilitation: rationale and indications. Seminars in Neurology 2013;33:276-85.
87. Cooksey FS. Rehabilitation and vestibular injuries. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1946; Vol. 39:273.
88. Cullen K, Minor L, Beraneck M, Sadeghi S. Neural substrates underlying vestibular compensation: contribution of peripheral versus central processing. Journal of Vestibular Research 2009;19:171-82.
89. Curthoys IS, Halmagyi GM. Clinical changes in vestibular function with time after unilateral vestibular loss. In: Herdman SJ editor(s). Vestibular Rehabilitation. Second Edition. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company, 2000.
90. Dix R, Hallpike CS. The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 1952;6:987-1016.
91. Dowdal-Osborn M. Early vestibular rehabilitation in patients with Meniere's disease. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 2002;35:683-90.
92. Epley JM. The canalith repositioning procedure: for treatment of BPPV. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1992;107:399-404.
93. Fetter M. Vestibular system disorders. In: Herdman SJ editor(s). Vestibular Rehabilitation. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company, 2000.
94. Gans RE. Vestibular rehabilitation: critical decision analysis. Seminars in Hearing 2002;23:149-59.
95. Hain T. Neurophysiology of vestibular rehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation 2011;29:127-41.
96. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
97. Hansson EE. Vestibular rehabilitation - for whom and how? A systematic review. Advances in Physiotherapy 2007;9:106-16.
98. Herdman S. Vestibular Rehabilitation. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 2000.
99. Hilton M, Pinder D. The Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003162.pub3]
100. Hoffer M, Balaban C. Vestibular rehabilitation: ready for the mainstream. NeuroRehabilitation 2011;29:125.
101. Hunt W, Zimmerman E, Hilton M. Modifications of the Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008675.pub2]
102. Perez N, Garmendia I, Garcia-Granero M, Martin E, Garcia-Tapia R. Factor analysis and correlation between Dizziness Handicap Inventory and dizziness characteristics and impact on quality of life scales. Acta Otolaryngologica 2001;545:145-54.
103. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
104. Semont A, Freyss G, Vitte E. Curing the BPPV with the liberatory maneuver. Advances in Oto-rhino-laryngology 1988;42:290-3.
105. Smith-Wheelock M, Shepard NT, Telian SA. Physical therapy program for vestibular rehabilitation. American Journal of Otology 1991;12:218-25.
106. Strupp M, Brandt T. Peripheral vestibular disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology 2013;26:81-9.
107. Hillier SL, Hollohan V, Hilton MP. Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005397]
108. Hillier SL, McDonnell M. Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub2]
109. Hillier SL, McDonnell M. Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub3]