The Role of Aspirin in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 123-134

  Hopkins, Jordan ^a   Limacher, Marian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

aspirin; cardiovascular disease; prevention; women

Indexed keywords

EID: 84990374219     PISSN: 15598276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1559827608327922     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Thom T., Haase N., Rosamond W., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2006; 113: e85-e151.
2. Mosca L., Linfante AH, Benjamin EJ, et al. National study of physician awareness and adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines in the United States. Circulation. 2005; 111: 499-510.
3. Eaker ED, Chesebro JH, Sacks FM, et al. Cardiovascular disease in women. Circulation. 1993; 88: 1999-2009.
4. Roger VL, Jacobsen SJ, Pellikka PA, et al. Gender differences in use of stress testing and coronary heart disease mortality: a population-based study in Olmsted Country, Minnesota. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998; 32: 345.
5. Vaccarino V., Parsons L., Every NR, Barron HV, Krumholz HM Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Participants. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 217-225.
6. Chang W-C., Kaul P., Westerhout CM, et al. Impact of sex on long-term mortality from acute myocardial infarction vs. unstable angina. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163: 2476-2484.
7. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Fiscal Year 2006 Factbook. HTML/Web Version. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/factbook/toc.htm. Accessed March 1, 2008.
8. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and changes in diet and lifestyle in women. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 530.
9. Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, et al. Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980-2000. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356: 2388-2398.
10. Mosca L., Banka CL, Benjamin EJ, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: 2007 update. Circulation. 2007;115:1481-1501.
11. Wilson PWF, D'Agostino RB, Levy D., et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998; 97: 1837-1847.
12. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106: 3143-3421.
13. Lloyd-Jones DM, Leip EP, Larson MB, et al. Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age. Circulation. 2006; 113: 791-798.
14. Stafford RS Aspirin use is low among United States outpatients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000; 101: 1097-1101.
15. Burwen DR, Galusha DH, Lewis JM, et al. National and state trends in quality of care for acute myocardial infarction between 1994-1995 and 1998-1999: the Medicare health care quality improvement program. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163: 1430-1439.
16. Chandra NC, Ziegelstein RC, Rogers WJ, et al. Observations of the treatment of women in the United States with myocardial infarction: a report from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-I. Arch Intern Med. 1998; 158: 981-988.
17. Nohria A., Vaccarino V., Krumholz HM Gender differences in mortality after myocardial infarction: why women fare worse than men. Cardiol Clin. 1998; 16: 45-57.
18. Scirica BM, Moliterno DJ, Every NR, et al. Differences between men and women in the management of unstable angina pectoris (the GUARANTEE Registry). Am J Cardiol. 1999; 84: 1145-1150.
19. Gan SC, Beaver SK, Houck PM, et al. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction and 30-day mortality among women and men. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 8-15.
20. Gottlieb S., Harpaz D., Shotan A., et al. Sex differences in management and outcome after acute myocardial infarction in the 1990s: a prospective observational community-based study. Israeli Thrombolytic Survey Group. Circulation. 2000; 102: 2484-2490.
21. Blomkalns AL, Chen AY, Hochman JS, et al. Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: large-scale observations from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45: 832-837.
22. Vane JR Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nat New Biol. 1971; 231: 232.
23. Burch JW, Stanford N., Majerus PW Inhibition of platelet prostaglandin synthetase by oral aspirin. J Clin Invest. 1978; 61: 314.
24. Patrono C., Garcia Rodriguez LA, Landolfi R., Balgent C. Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 2373.
25. Mukherjee D., Nissen SE, Topol EJ Risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors. JAMA. 2001; 286: 954-959.
26. Sharis PJ, Cannon CP, Loscalzo J. The antiplatelet effects of ticlopidine and clopidogrel. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 129: 394-405.
27. Serebruany VL, Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, et al. Variability in platelet responsiveness to clopidogrel among 544 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45: 246.
28. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Hiatt BL, O'Connor CM Clopidogrel for coronary stenting: response variability, drug resistance, and the effect of pretreatment platelet reactivity. Circulation. 2003; 107: 2908-2913.
29. Muller I., Besta F., Schulz C., Massberg S., Schomig A., Gawaz M. Prevalence of clopidogrel non-responders among patients with stable angina pectoris scheduled for elective coronary stent placement. Thromb Haemost. 2003; 89: 783-787.
30. Neubauer H., Gunesdogan B., Hanefeld C., Spiecker M., Mugge A. Lipophilic statins interfere with the inhibitory effects of clopidogrel on platelet function: a flow cytometry study. Eur Heart J. 2003;24: 1744-1749.
31. Matetzky S., Shenkman B., Guetta V., et al. Clopidogrel resistance is associated with increased risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2004; 109: 3171-3175.
32. Jernberg T., Payne CD, Winters KJ, et al. Prasugrel achieves greater inhibition of platelet aggregation and a lower rate of non-responders compared with clopidogrel in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27: 1166-1173.
33. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E., McCabe CH, et al, for the TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 2001-2015.
34. The Steering Committee of the Physicians’ Health Study Research Group. Findings from the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians’ Health Study. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 262-264.
35. Peto R., Gray R., Collins R., et al. Randomized trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. BMJ. 1988; 296: 313-316.
36. Hennekens CH, Peto R., Hutchison GB, Doll R. An overview of the British and American aspirin studies [letter]. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 923.
37. The Medical Research Council's General Practice Research Framework. Thrombosis Prevention Trial: randomized trial of low-intensity oral anticoagulation with warfarin and low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in men at increased risk. Lancet. 1998; 351: 233-241.
38. Hannson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers SG, et al, for the HOT Study Group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomized trial. Lancet. 1998; 351: 1755-1762.
39. Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project. Low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in people at cardiovascular risk: a randomized trial in general practice. Lancet. 2001; 357: 89-95.
40. Eidelman RS, Hebert PR, Weisman SM, Hennekens CH An update on aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163: 2006-2010.
41. Ridker PM, Cook NR, Lee IM, et al. A randomized trial of low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352: 1293-1304.
42. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Tofler GH, et al. Anti-platelet effects of 100 mg alternate day oral aspirin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of regular and enteric coated formulations in men and women. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1996; 3: 209.
43. Berger JS, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F., Pangrazzi I., Tognnoni G., Brown DL Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women and men: a sex-specific meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2006; 295: 306-313.
44. Yerman T., Gan WQ, Sin DD The influence of gender on the effects of aspirin in preventing myocardial infarction. BMC Med. 2007; 5: 29.
45. Antithrombotic Trialists ’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002; 324: 71-86.
46. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1988; 2: 349.
47. Roux S., Christeller S., Ludin E. Effects of aspirin on coronary reocclusion and recurrent ischemia after thrombolysis: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992; 19: 671-677.
48. Lewis HD Jr, Davis JW, Archibald DG, et al. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med. 1983; 309: 396-403.
49. The RISC Group. Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. Lancet. 1990; 336: 827-830.
50. Diener HC, Cunha L., Forbes C., Sivenius J., Smets P., Lowenthal A. European Stroke Prevention Study: 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci. 1996; 143: 1-13.
51. Halkes PH, van Gijn J., Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ, Algra A. Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006; 367: 1665-1673.
52. Fuster V., Chesebro JH Role of platelets and platelet inhibitors in aortocoronary artery vein-graft disease. Circulation. 1986; 73: 227-232.
53. Mangano DT Aspirin and mortality from coronary bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 1309-1317.
54. Goldman S., Copeland J., Moritz T., et al. Starting aspirin therapy after operation: effects on early graft patency. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group. Circulation. 1991; 84: 520-526.
55. Sethi GK, Copeland JG, Goldman S., Moritz T., Zadina K., Henderson WG Implications of preoperative administration of aspirin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Antiplatelet Therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990; 15: 15-20.
56. Bybee KA, Powell BD, Valeti U., et al. Preoperative aspirin therapy is associated with improved postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation. 2005; 112(suppl):1286-1292.
57. Dacey LJ, Munoz JJ, Johnson ER, et al. Effect of preoperative aspirin use on mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000; 70: 1986-1990.
58. Ferraris VA, Ferraris SP, Moliterno DJ, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline series: aspirin and other antiplatelet agents during operative coronary revascularization (executive summary). Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79: 1454-1461.
59. Schwartz L., Bourassa MG, Lesperance J., et al. Aspirin and dipyridamole in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 1714-1719.
60. Lembo NJ, Black AJ, Roubin GS, et al. Effect of pretreatment with aspirin versus aspirin plus dipyridamole on frequency and type of acute complications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol. 1990; 65: 422-426.
61. Mufson L., Black A., Roubin G., et al. A randomized trial of aspirin in PTCA: effect of high dose versus low dose aspirin on major complications and restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988; 11: 236A.
62. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet. 1996; 348: 1329-1339.
63. Reilly MP, Mohler ER III. Cilostazol: treatment of intermittent claudication. Ann Pharmacother. 2001; 35: 48-56.
64. Thompson PD, Zimet R., Forbes WP, Zhang P. Meta-analysis of results from eight randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the effect of cilostazol on patients with intermittent claudication. Am J Cardiol. 2002; 90: 1314-1319.
65. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(suppl 1):S15.
66. Hennekens CH, Knatterud GL, Pfeffer MA Use of aspirin to reduce risks of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: clinical and research challenges. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 2752-2754.
67. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W., et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354: 1706-1717.
68. Yusuf S., Zhao F., Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S., Tognoni G., Fox KK Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 494-502.
69. Yusuf S., Mehta SR, Zhao F., et al. Early and late effects of clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2003; 107: 966-972.
70. Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J., Brass LM, et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004; 364: 331-337.
71. Mehta SR, Yusuf S., Peters RJ, et al. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet. 2001; 358: 527-533.
72. Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT III, et al. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002; 288: 2411-2420.
73. King SB III, Smith SC Jr, Hirshfeld JW Jr, Jacobs AK, Morrison DA, Williams DO 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/ AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 51: 172-209.
74. Johnson ES, Lanes SF, Wentworth CE III, et al. A metaregression analysis of the dose-response effect of aspirin on stroke. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159: 1248.
75. McQuaid KR, Laine L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events of low-dose aspirin and clopidogrel in randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2006; 119: 624-638.
76. Smith SC Jr, Allen J., Blair SN, et al. AHA/ ACC Guidelines for Secondary Prevention for Patients With Coronary and Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2006 update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47: 2130-2139.
77. Stevenson DD Aspirin and NSAID sensitivity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2004; 24: 491.
78. Jenkins C., Costello J., Hodge L. Systematic review of the prevalence of aspirin induced asthma and its implications for clinical practice. BMJ. 2004; 328: 434.
79. Grattan CE Aspirin sensitivity and urticaria. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003; 28: 123.
80. Lai KC, Lam SK, Chu KM, et al. Lansoprazole for the prevention of recurrences of ulcer complications from long-term low-dose aspirin use. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 2033-2038.
81. Chan FK, Ching JY, Hung LC, et al. Clopidogrel versus aspirin and esomeprazole to prevent recurrent ulcer bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352: 238.
82. Weisman SM, Graham DY Evaluation of the benefits and risks of low-dose aspirin in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162: 2197-2202.
83. Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Jurgelon JM, et al. Risk of aspirin-associated major upper-gastrointestinal bleeding with enteric-coated or buffered product. Lancet. 1996; 348: 1413.
84. Faraday N., Yanek LR, Mathias R., et al. Heritability of platelet responsiveness to aspirin in activation pathways directly and indirectly related to cyclooxygenase-1. Circulation. 2007; 115: 2490.
85. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, DiChiara J., et al. Evaluation of dose-related effects of aspirin on platelet function: results from the Aspirin-Induced Platelet Effect (ASPECT) study. Circulation. 2007; 115: 3156.
86. Assadian A., Lax J., Meixner-Loicht U., et al. Aspirin resistance among long-term aspirin users after carotid endarterectomy and controls: flow cytometric measurement of aspirin-induced platelet inhibition. J Vasc Surg. 2007; 45: 1142.
87. Lee PY, Chen WH, Ng W., et al. Low-dose aspirin increases aspirin resistance in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Med. 2005; 118: 723-727.
88. Gum PA, Kottke-Marchant K., Welsh PA, et al. A prospective, blinded determination of the natural history of aspirin resistance among stable patients with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41: 961-965.
89. Chen WH, Lee PY, Ng W., et al. Aspirin resistance is associated with a high incidence of myonecrosis after non-urgent percutaneous coronary intervention despite clopidogrel pretreatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43: 1122.
90. Chen WH, Cheng X., Lee PY, et al. Aspirin resistance and adverse clinical events in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Med. 2007; 120: 631-635.
91. Dorsch MP, Lee JS, Lynch DR, et al. Aspirin resistance in patients with stable coronary artery disease with and without a history of myocardial infarction. Ann Pharmacother. 2007; 47: 737-741.