Health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate in drinking water from village wells in Semarang, Indonesia

Environmental Pollution

Volumn 216, Issue , 2016, Pages 738-745

  Sadler, Ross ^a   Maetam, Brooke ^a   Edokpolo, Benjamin ^a   Connell, Des ^a   Yu, Jimmy ^a   Stewart, Donald ^a   Park, M J ^a   Gray, Darren ^b   Laksono, Budi ^c  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c Klinik Umum   (Indonesia)

Author keywords

Birth defects; Drinking water; Hazard quotient; Methaemoglobinaemia; Nitrate

Indexed keywords

DEFECTS; HAZARDS; HEALTH; HEALTH RISKS; NITRATES; POTABLE WATER; RURAL AREAS; WATER; WATER WELLS;

ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKES; BIRTH DEFECTS; GUIDELINE VALUES; HAZARD QUOTIENTS; LOCAL POPULATIONS; METHAEMOGLOBINAEMIA; NITRATE LEVELS; PROBABILISTIC TECHNIQUE;

RISK ASSESSMENT;

DRINKING WATER; NITRATE; WELL WATER; NITRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; WATER POLLUTANT;

CHILD HEALTH; DRINKING WATER; HEALTH IMPACT; HEALTH RISK; NITRATE; RISK ASSESSMENT; VILLAGE; WATER QUALITY; WATER RESOURCE; WELL WATER; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ARTICLE; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION; FLUID INTAKE; HEALTH HAZARD; INDONESIA; MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; WATER QUALITY; ADULT; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; DRUG INDUCED MALFORMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; PREGNANCY; PUBLIC HEALTH; RURAL POPULATION; TOXICITY; WATER POLLUTANT; WATER SUPPLY; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

CENTRAL JAVA; INDONESIA; SEMARANG;

ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED; ADULT; DRINKING WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDONESIA; INFANT; MALE; NITRATES; PREGNANCY; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL POPULATION; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER SUPPLY; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 84989947428     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: 18736424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.041     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. ARGOSS, Guidelines to Assessing the Risk to Groundwater from On-site Sanitation. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report CR/01/142; Keyworth, United Kingdom, 2001.
2. Avery, A.A., Infantile methaemoglobinaemia: reexamining the role of drinking water nitrates. Environ. Health Perspect. 107 (1999), 583–586.
3. Brender, J.D., Weyer, P.J., Romitti, P.A., Mohanty, B.P., Shinde, M.U., Vuong, A.M., Sharkey, J.R., Dwivedi, D., Horel, S.A., Kantamneni, J., Huber, J.C. Jr., Zheng, Q., Werler, M.M., Kelley, K.E., Griesenbeck, J.S., Zhan, F.B., Langlois, P.H., Suarez, L., Canfield, M.A., Prenatal nitrate intake from drinking water and selected birth defects in offspring of participants in the national birth defects prevention study. Environ. Health Perspect. 121 (2013), 1083–1089.
4. Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D., Thorne, P.S., Wichman, M., Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality. Environ. Health Perspect. 115 (2007), 308–312.
5. Chen, M.Y.-Y., Chung, S.W.C., Tran, J.C.-H., Tong, K.S.-K., Ho, Y.-Y., Chan, C.H.-Y., Xiao, Y., Dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to nitrate and nitrite from vegetable intake. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveillance 4 (2011), 94–98.
6. Connell, D., Yu, J., Use of exposure time and life expectancy in models for toxicity to aquatic organisms. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 57 (2008), 245–249.
7. Dusdieker, L.B., Stumbo, P.J., Kross, B.C., Dungy, C.I., Does increased nitrate ingestion elevate nitrate levels in human milk?. Arch. Paediatr. Adolesc. Med. 150 (1996), 311–314.
8. Edokpolo, B., Yu, Q.J., Connell, D., Health risk assessment for exposure to benzene in petroleum refinery environments. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12 (2015), 595–610.
9. European Food Safety Authority: EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA), Scientific Opinion on Dietary reference values for water. EFSA J. 8 (2010), 1459–1507.
10. Fewtrell, L., Drinking-water nitrate, methemoglobinemia, and global burden of disease: a discussion. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 (2004), 1371–1374.
11. Gupta, S.K., Gupta, R.C., Gupta, A.B., Seth, A.K., Bassin, J.K., Gupta, A., Recurrent acute respiratory tract infections in areas with high nitrate concentrations in drinking water. Environ. Health Perspect. 108 (2000), 363–366.
12. H4H Hydration calculator. http://www.h4hinitiative.com/tools/hydration-calculator. (accessed 1/7/2015).
13. Hastuti, J., Anthropometry and Body Composition of Indonesian Adults: an Evaluation of Body Image, Eating Behaviours and Physical Activity. PhD Thesis., 2013, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
14. Health Canada, Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. 2014 http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/sum_guide-res_recom/index-eng.php.
15. Himmi, T., Zaki, A., Hasib, A., Elgharras, H., Bachiratand, R., Aït Chaoui, A., Daily nitrates and nitrites intake by inhabitants in Beni-Mellal Region (Morocco). Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. 4 (2009), 163–168.
16. Hord, N.G., Tang, Y., Bryan, N.S., Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90 (2009), 1–10.
17. Hord, N.G., Ghannam, J.S., Garg, H.K., Berens, P.D., Bryan, N.S., Nitrate and nitrite content of human, formula, bovine and soy milks: implications for dietary nitrite and nitrate recommendations. Breastfeed. Med. 6 (2011), 393–399.
18. Höring, H., The influence of environmental chemicals on the thyroid. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 35 (1992), 194–197.
19. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Toxicological Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series No. 35, 1996, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
20. Knobeloch, L., Salna, B., Hogan, A., Postle, J., Anderson, H., Blue babies and nitrate-contaminated well water. Environ. Health Perspect. 108 (2000), 675–678.
21. Kusin, J.A., Kardjati, S., de With, C., Sudibia, I.K., Nutrition and nutritional status of rural women in East Java. Trop. Geogr. Med. 31 (1979), 571–585.
22. Ministry of Health, Drinking-water Standards for New Zealand 2005 (Revised 2008). 2008 http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/drinking-water-standards-new-zealand-2005-revised-2008.
23. Mukherjee, A., Battacharya, P., Arsenic in groundwater in the Bengal delta plain: slow poisoning in Bangladesh. Environ. Rev. 9 (2001), 189–220.
24. Muslimatun, S., Schmidt, M.K., West, C.E., Schultink, W., Gross, R., Hautvast, J.G.A.J., Determinants of weight and length of Indonesian neonates. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56 (2002), 947–951.
25. National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2011). Updated February 2016, 2016 https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh52.
26. Nolan, B.T., Ruddy, B.C., Hitt, K.J., Helsel, D.R., Risk of nitrate in groundwaters of the United States – a national perspective. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31 (1997), 2229–2236.
27. Park, M.J., Laksono, B., Stewart, D.E., et al. Household latrines to control environmental contamination and helminthiasis: an exploratory study in Indonesia. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Hum. 5:5 (2015), 429–435, 10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.494.
28. Powlson, D.S., Addiscott, T.M., Benjamin, N., Cassman, K.G., de Kok, T.M., van Grinsven, H., L'hirondel, J.-L., Avery, A.A., van Kessel, C., Women's nutritional status, iron consumption and weight gain during pregnancy in relation to neonatal weight and length in West Java, Indonesia. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstetrics 48:Suppl. (1995), S103–S119.
29. Richard, A.M., Diaz, J.H., Kaye, A.D., Reexamining the risks of drinking-water nitrates on public health. Ochsner J. 14 (2014), 392–398.
30. SAI Global, AS/NZS 5667.1:1998. Water Quality – Sampling – Guidance on the Design of Sampling Programs, Sampling Techniques and the Preservation and Handling of Samples. 1998, SAI Global, Sydney, Australia.
31. Schmidt, M.K., Muslimatun, S., West, C.E., Schultink, W., Gross, R., Hautvast, J.G.A.J., Nutritional status and linear growth of Indonesian infants in West Java are determined more by prenatal environment than by postnatal factors. J. Nutr. 132 (2002), 2202–2207.
32. Spalding, R.F., Exner, M.E., Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater – a review. J. Environ. Qual. 22 (1993), 392–402.
33. Stewart, D., Laksono, B., Helminth infection, human waste and appropriate technology: an Indonesian case study. Environ. Health 2 (2002), 46–52.
34. Templeton, M.R., Hammoud, A.S., Butler, A.P., Braun, L., Foucher, J.-A., Grossmann, J., Boukari, M., Faye, S., Jourda, J.P., Nitrate pollution of groundwater by pit latrines in developing countries. AIMS Environ. Sci. 2 (2015), 302–313.
35. The Council of the European Union, Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption. 1998 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31998L0083.
36. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. USEPA, Washington, USA. http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/upload/mcl-2.pdf. (accessed 7/9/2015).
37. USEPA, Exposure Factors Handbook. 2011 Edition, 2011, USEPA, Washington http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-complete.pdf (accessed 2/9/2015).
38. Winkvist, A., Stenlund, H., Hakimi, M., Nurdiati, D.S., Dibley, M.J., Weight-gain patterns from prepregnancy until delivery among women in Central Java, Indonesia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75 (2002), 1072–1077.
39. World Health Organization (WHO), Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases., 2003, World Health Organization, Geneva WHO Technical Report Series 916 http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/who_fao_expert_report.pdf (accessed 1/7/2015).
40. World Health Organization (WHO), Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. fourth ed., 2011, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
41. Yu, Q.J., Cao, Q., Connell, D., An overall risk probability-based method for quantification of synergistic and antagonistic effects in health risk assessment for mixtures: theoretical concepts. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 19 (2012), 2627–2633.
42. Ziarati, P., Assessing the health risk of nitrate content in vegetables to the general population in Tehran-Iran. Open Access Sci. Rep., 2012, 10.4172/scientificreports.241 (accessed 1/9/2015).