메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue , 2016, Pages 16-23

Who sells what? Country specific differences in substance availability on the Agora cryptomarket

Author keywords

Cryptomarkets; New psychoactive substances; New technologies

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 4 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; CANNABINOID; CANNABIS; COCAINE; ILLICIT DRUG; KETAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; OPIATE; PERFORMANCE ENHANCING SUBSTANCE; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; STREET DRUG;

EID: 84989902366     PISSN: 09553959     EISSN: 18734758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.07.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (67)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 84942203549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not an ‘Ebay for Drugs’: The Cryptomarket ‘Silk Road’ as a Paradigm Shifting Criminal Innovation
    • Retrieved 24th of June, 2015, from
    • Aldridge, J., Décary-Hétu, D., Not an ‘Ebay for Drugs’: The Cryptomarket ‘Silk Road’ as a Paradigm Shifting Criminal Innovation. 2014 Retrieved 24th of June, 2015, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2436643.
    • (2014)
    • Aldridge, J.1    Décary-Hétu, D.2
  • 2
    • 84973527474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hidden Wholesale: The drug diffusing capacity of online drug cryptomarkets
    • Aldridge, J., Décary-Hétu, D., Hidden Wholesale: The drug diffusing capacity of online drug cryptomarkets. International Journal of Drug Policy 35 (2016), 7–15.
    • (2016) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.35 , pp. 7-15
    • Aldridge, J.1    Décary-Hétu, D.2
  • 3
    • 84989947045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian Crime Commission (2014). 2013–2014 Illicit drug data report, Illicit drug data report. Canberra, Australia.
    • Australian Crime Commission (2014). 2013–2014 Illicit drug data report, Illicit drug data report. Canberra, Australia.
  • 4
    • 84924649433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National drug strategy household survey detailed report 2013. Drug statistics series no. 28. Cat. no. PHE 183
    • AIHW Canberra
    • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, National drug strategy household survey detailed report 2013. Drug statistics series no. 28. Cat. no. PHE 183., 2014, AIHW, Canberra.
    • (2014)
    • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare1
  • 5
    • 84953410492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concepts of illicit drug quality among darknet market users: Purity, embodied experience, craft and chemical knowledge
    • Bancroft, A., Scott Reid, P., Concepts of illicit drug quality among darknet market users: Purity, embodied experience, craft and chemical knowledge. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2015, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.11.008.
    • (2015) International Journal of Drug Policy
    • Bancroft, A.1    Scott Reid, P.2
  • 6
    • 84856707624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silk Road: Ebay for drugs
    • Barratt, M.J., Silk Road: Ebay for drugs. Addiction, 107(3), 2012, 683, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03709.x.
    • (2012) Addiction , vol.107 , Issue.3 , pp. 683
    • Barratt, M.J.1
  • 7
    • 84898048028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of Silk Road, the online drug marketplace, in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States
    • Barratt, M.J., Ferris, J., Winstock, A.R., Use of Silk Road, the online drug marketplace, in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States. Addiction 109:5 (2014), 774–783, 10.1111/add.12470.
    • (2014) Addiction , vol.109 , Issue.5 , pp. 774-783
    • Barratt, M.J.1    Ferris, J.2    Winstock, A.R.3
  • 9
    • 17844386612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet and psychoactive substance use among innovative drug users
    • Boyer, E.W., Shannon, M., Hibberd, P.L., The Internet and psychoactive substance use among innovative drug users. Pediatrics 115:2 (2005), 302–305, 10.1542/peds.2004-1199.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , Issue.2 , pp. 302-305
    • Boyer, E.W.1    Shannon, M.2    Hibberd, P.L.3
  • 10
    • 84989967308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TOR black-market-related arrests
    • Retrieved 16th of November, 2015, from
    • Branwen, G., TOR black-market-related arrests. 2015 Retrieved 16th of November, 2015, from http://www.gwern.net/Black-market%20arrests.
    • (2015)
    • Branwen, G.1
  • 11
    • 84904554484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring drug markets in the Internet age and the evolution of drug monitoring systems in Australia
    • Burns, L., Roxburgh, A., Bruno, R., Van Buskirk, J., Monitoring drug markets in the Internet age and the evolution of drug monitoring systems in Australia. Drug Testing and Analysis 6:7–8 (2014), 840–845, 10.1002/dta.1613.
    • (2014) Drug Testing and Analysis , vol.6 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 840-845
    • Burns, L.1    Roxburgh, A.2    Bruno, R.3    Van Buskirk, J.4
  • 12
    • 34249941026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price and purity analysis for illicit drug: Data and conceptual issues
    • Caulkins, J.P., Price and purity analysis for illicit drug: Data and conceptual issues. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 90:Suppl. 1 (2007), S61–S68, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.014.
    • (2007) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.90 , pp. S61-S68
    • Caulkins, J.P.1
  • 13
    • 58249087123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating drug abuse and addiction in the criminal justice system: Improving public health and safety
    • Chandler, R.K., Fletcher, B.W., Volkow, N.D., Treating drug abuse and addiction in the criminal justice system: Improving public health and safety. JAMA 301:2 (2009), 183–190, 10.1001/jama.2008.976.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-190
    • Chandler, R.K.1    Fletcher, B.W.2    Volkow, N.D.3
  • 15
    • 84989895581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2011, 01/06/2011). The underground website where you can buy any drug imaginable. Retrieved 27th of July, 2015, from.
    • Chen, A. (2011, 01/06/2011). The underground website where you can buy any drug imaginable. Retrieved 27th of July, 2015, from http://gawker.com/the-underground-website-where-you-can-buy-any-drug-imag-30818160.
    • Chen, A.1
  • 17
    • 84893082821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traveling the Silk Road: A measurement analysis of a large anonymous online marketplace
    • Working Paper retrieved from
    • Christin, N., Traveling the Silk Road: A measurement analysis of a large anonymous online marketplace. Paper presented at the World Wide Web conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2013 Working Paper retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.7139.
    • (2013) Paper presented at the World Wide Web conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    • Christin, N.1
  • 18
    • 84897763067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond drug dealing: Developing and extending the concept of ‘social supply’ of illicit drugs to ‘minimally commercial supply’
    • Coomber, R., Moyle, L., Beyond drug dealing: Developing and extending the concept of ‘social supply’ of illicit drugs to ‘minimally commercial supply’. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy 21:2 (2014), 157–164, 10.3109/09687637.2013.798265.
    • (2014) Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-164
    • Coomber, R.1    Moyle, L.2
  • 19
    • 84957431677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug users’ satisfaction with drug control by the Police in China
    • Dai, M., Gao, H., Drug users’ satisfaction with drug control by the Police in China. Asian Journal of Criminology 9:3 (2014), 205–219.
    • (2014) Asian Journal of Criminology , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-219
    • Dai, M.1    Gao, H.2
  • 20
    • 84989835338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ‘Our purity is above 99%’: the Chinese labs churning out legal highs for the west
    • Retrieved 31st of August, 2015, from
    • Davison, N., ‘Our purity is above 99%’: the Chinese labs churning out legal highs for the west. 2015 Retrieved 31st of August, 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/may/01/chinese-labs-legal-highs-west-drugs.
    • (2015)
    • Davison, N.1
  • 22
    • 0000709819 scopus 로고
    • Export marketing research in practice: A comparison of users and non-users
    • Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B.B., Allpress, C., Export marketing research in practice: A comparison of users and non-users. Journal of Marketing Management 6:3 (1990), 257–273, 10.1080/0267257X.1990.9964131.
    • (1990) Journal of Marketing Management , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-273
    • Diamantopoulos, A.1    Schlegelmilch, B.B.2    Allpress, C.3
  • 23
    • 84881348071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union drug markets report: a strategic analysis
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Lisbon
    • EMCDDA, European Union drug markets report: a strategic analysis., 2013, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon.
    • (2013)
    • EMCDDA1
  • 24
    • 84911389392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European drug report
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Luxembourg
    • EMCDDA, European drug report., 2015, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Luxembourg.
    • (2015)
    • EMCDDA1
  • 26
    • 61749087965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed effects, random effects and GEE: What are the differences?
    • Gardiner, J.C., Luo, Z., Roman, L.A., Fixed effects, random effects and GEE: What are the differences?. Statistics in Medicine 28:2 (2009), 221–239, 10.1002/sim.3478.
    • (2009) Statistics in Medicine , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-239
    • Gardiner, J.C.1    Luo, Z.2    Roman, L.A.3
  • 27
    • 85011107186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State marijuana laws map
    • Retrieved 31st of August, 2015, from
    • Governing, State marijuana laws map. 2015 Retrieved 31st of August, 2015, from http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html.
    • (2015)
    • Governing1
  • 28
    • 84930820613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use in the USA
    • Hall, W., Weier, M., Assessing the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use in the USA. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 97:6 (2015), 607–615, 10.1002/cpt.110.
    • (2015) Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics , vol.97 , Issue.6 , pp. 607-615
    • Hall, W.1    Weier, M.2
  • 29
    • 77955918003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription drug abuse: Insight into the epidemic
    • Hernandez, S.H., Nelson, L.S., Prescription drug abuse: Insight into the epidemic. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 88:3 (2010), 307–317, 10.1038/clpt.2010.154.
    • (2010) Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-317
    • Hernandez, S.H.1    Nelson, L.S.2
  • 30
    • 85052608244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug misuse: findings from the 2014/15 crime survey for England and Wales statistical bulletin 03/15
    • Home Office London
    • Home Office, Drug misuse: findings from the 2014/15 crime survey for England and Wales statistical bulletin 03/15. 2015, Home Office, London.
    • (2015)
    • Home Office1
  • 31
    • 84874002897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical overdose deaths, United States, 2010
    • Jones, C.M., Mack, K.A., Paulozzi, L.J., Pharmaceutical overdose deaths, United States, 2010. JAMA 309:7 (2013), 657–659, 10.1001/jama.2013.272.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , Issue.7 , pp. 657-659
    • Jones, C.M.1    Mack, K.A.2    Paulozzi, L.J.3
  • 32
    • 84994165255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs on the dark net: how cryptomarkets are transforming the global trade in illicit drugs
    • Palgrave Pivot New York
    • Martin, J., Drugs on the dark net: how cryptomarkets are transforming the global trade in illicit drugs. 2014, Palgrave Pivot, New York.
    • (2014)
    • Martin, J.1
  • 33
    • 84988825207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DrugFacts: nationwide trends from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)
    • Retrieved 29th of July, 2015, from
    • National Institute on Drug Abuse, DrugFacts: nationwide trends from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). 2015 Retrieved 29th of July, 2015, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trends.
    • (2015)
    • National Institute on Drug Abuse1
  • 34
    • 84856728825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian trends in ecstasy and related drug markets 2011. Findings from the Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS). Australian Drug Trend Series No. 82
    • National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney
    • Sindicich, N., Burns, L., Australian trends in ecstasy and related drug markets 2011. Findings from the Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS). Australian Drug Trend Series No. 82., 2012, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.
    • (2012)
    • Sindicich, N.1    Burns, L.2
  • 35
    • 84856728825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian trends in ecstasy and related drug markets 2014. Findings from the Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS). Australian Drug Trend Series No. 136
    • National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney
    • Sindicich, N., Burns, L., Australian trends in ecstasy and related drug markets 2014. Findings from the Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS). Australian Drug Trend Series No. 136., 2015, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.
    • (2015)
    • Sindicich, N.1    Burns, L.2
  • 36
    • 84903801437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability and supply of novel psychoactive substances
    • P. Dargan D. Wood Elsevier Academic Press Amsterdam, Netherlands
    • Smith, S., Garlich, F., Availability and supply of novel psychoactive substances. Dargan, P., Wood, D., (eds.) Novel psychoactive sustances: classification, pharmacology and toxicology, 2013, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    • (2013) Novel psychoactive sustances: classification, pharmacology and toxicology
    • Smith, S.1    Garlich, F.2
  • 40
    • 84975454073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total population (in number of people)
    • Retrieved 24th of July, 2015, from
    • The World Bank, Total population (in number of people). 2015 Retrieved 24th of July, 2015, from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.
    • (2015)
    • The World Bank1
  • 41
    • 84989858534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World drug report 2014 (Vol. E.14. XI.7)
    • United Nations Vienna, Austria
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World drug report 2014 (Vol. E.14. XI.7)., 2014, United Nations, Vienna, Austria.
    • (2014)
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime1
  • 42
    • 84942200411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and the Internet, Issue 1
    • National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Sydney, Australia
    • Van Buskirk, J., Roxburgh, A., Bruno, R., Burns, L., Drugs and the Internet, Issue 1. 2013, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, Australia.
    • (2013)
    • Van Buskirk, J.1    Roxburgh, A.2    Bruno, R.3    Burns, L.4
  • 43
    • 84942200411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and the Internet, Issue 2
    • National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Sydney, Australia
    • Van Buskirk, J., Roxburgh, A., Bruno, R., Burns, L., Drugs and the Internet, Issue 2. 2014, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, Australia.
    • (2014)
    • Van Buskirk, J.1    Roxburgh, A.2    Bruno, R.3    Burns, L.4
  • 44
    • 84942200411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and the Internet, Issue 3
    • National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Sydney, Australia
    • Van Buskirk, J., Roxburgh, A., Bruno, R., Burns, L., Drugs and the Internet, Issue 3. 2014, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, Australia.
    • (2014)
    • Van Buskirk, J.1    Roxburgh, A.2    Bruno, R.3    Burns, L.4
  • 45
    • 84942200411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and the Internet, Issue 4
    • National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Sydney, Australia
    • Van Buskirk, J., Roxburgh, A., Bruno, R., Burns, L., Drugs and the Internet, Issue 4. 2015, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, Australia.
    • (2015)
    • Van Buskirk, J.1    Roxburgh, A.2    Bruno, R.3    Burns, L.4
  • 46
    • 84942194716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A response to Dolliver's “Evaluating drug trafficking on the Tor network”
    • Van Buskirk, J., Roxburgh, A., Naicker, S., Burns, L., A response to Dolliver's “Evaluating drug trafficking on the Tor network”. International Journal of Drug Policy 26:11 (2015), 1126–1127, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.07.001.
    • (2015) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 1126-1127
    • Van Buskirk, J.1    Roxburgh, A.2    Naicker, S.3    Burns, L.4
  • 47
    • 84989310714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ‘Surfing the Silk Road’: A study of users’ experiences
    • Van Hout, M.C., Bingham, T., ‘Surfing the Silk Road’: A study of users’ experiences. International Journal of Drug Policy 21 (2013), 359–363.
    • (2013) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.21 , pp. 359-363
    • Van Hout, M.C.1    Bingham, T.2
  • 48
    • 84896083006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responsible vendors, intelligent consumers: Silk Road, the online revolution in drug trading
    • Van Hout, M.C., Bingham, T., Responsible vendors, intelligent consumers: Silk Road, the online revolution in drug trading. International Journal of Drug Policy 25:2 (2014), 183–189, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.10.009.
    • (2014) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-189
    • Van Hout, M.C.1    Bingham, T.2
  • 49
    • 79958809443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs, the Internet and change
    • Walsh, C., Drugs, the Internet and change. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 43:1 (2011), 55–63, 10.1080/02791072.2011.566501.
    • (2011) Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-63
    • Walsh, C.1
  • 50
    • 84887259083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • Whiteford, H.A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A.J., Ferrari, A.J., Erskine, H.E., Vos, T., Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet 382:9904 (2013), 1575–1586, 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61611-6.
    • (2013) The Lancet , vol.382 , Issue.9904 , pp. 1575-1586
    • Whiteford, H.A.1    Degenhardt, L.2    Rehm, J.3    Baxter, A.J.4    Ferrari, A.J.5    Erskine, H.E.6    Vos, T.7
  • 51
    • 84922740654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of mental, neurological and substance use disorders: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2010
    • Whiteford, H.A., Ferrari, A.J., Degenhardt, L., Feigin, V., Vos, T., The global burden of mental, neurological and substance use disorders: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2010. PLoS One, 10(2), 2015, e0116820, 10.1371/journal.pone.0116820.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. e0116820
    • Whiteford, H.A.1    Ferrari, A.J.2    Degenhardt, L.3    Feigin, V.4    Vos, T.5
  • 52
    • 84961403660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Global drug survey 2015 findings
    • Retrieved 19th of October, 2015, from
    • Winstock, A.R., The Global drug survey 2015 findings. 2015 Retrieved 19th of October, 2015, from http://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/the-global-drug-survey-2015-findings/.
    • (2015)
    • Winstock, A.R.1
  • 53
    • 84989937249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ‘Legal Highs’: The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances. TNI/IDPC Transnational Institute Series on Legislative Reform of Drug Policies (Vol. 16).
    • Winstock, A. R., & Wilkins, C. (2011). ‘Legal Highs’: The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances. TNI/IDPC Transnational Institute Series on Legislative Reform of Drug Policies (Vol. 16).
    • (2011)
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Wilkins, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.