War is the enemy of health pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine in war-torn Syria

Annals of the American Thoracic Society

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 147-155

  Sahloul, Mohammed Z ^a,b   Monla Hassan, Jaber ^c   Sankari, Abdulghani ^d   Kherallah, Mazen ^e   Atassi, Bassel ^f   Badr, Safwan ^d   Abbara, Aula ^g   Sparrow, Annie ^h  

^a ADVOCATE CHRIST MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^c BLOUNT MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^f Chicago Medical School   (United States)

^g IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^h MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Attacks on healthcare; Chemical weapons; Crisis; Disasters; Syrian crisis

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; DRUG;

ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; ELECTRICITY; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH STATUS; HOSPITAL PLANNING; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; LUNG DISEASE; MORTALITY; NEONATOLOGY; PEDIATRICS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SLEEP MEDICINE; SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC; TELEMEDICINE; TUBERCULOSIS; WAR; ADVERSE EFFECTS; CHEMICAL WARFARE; DEVICES; DISASTER; HEALTH CARE MANPOWER; HEALTH SERVICE; LUNG NEOPLASMS; POWER SUPPLY; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PUBLIC HEALTH; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; PULMONOLOGY; RELIEF WORK; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; SMOKING; SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY; WAR EXPOSURE;

CHEMICAL WARFARE; CRITICAL CARE; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; DISASTERS; ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLIES; EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES; HEALTH FACILITIES; HEALTH MANPOWER; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MOBILE HEALTH UNITS; NEONATOLOGY; PEDIATRICS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; PUBLIC HEALTH; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; PULMONARY MEDICINE; RELIEF WORK; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; SLEEP MEDICINE SPECIALTY; SMOKING; SYRIA; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY; WAR EXPOSURE;

EID: 84988962844     PISSN: 23256621     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201510-661PS     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Guha-Sapir D, Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Hicks MH, Donneau AF, Coutts A, Lillywhite L, Fouad FM. Civilian deaths from weapons used in the Syrian conflict. BMJ 2015;351:h4736.
2. United Nations Relief and Works Agency. Alienation and violence: impact of the Syrian crisis in 2014 [accessed 2016 Jan 12]. Available from: http://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/alienation-andviolence-impact-syria-crisis-2014
3. Cousins S. Syrian crisis: health experts say more can be done. Lancet 2015;385:931-934.
4. Syrian American Medical Society. Slow death: life and death in Syrian communities under siege. 2015 [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.sams-usa.net/foundation/images/PDFs/ Slow%20Death-Syria%20Under%20Siege.pdf
5. Shi L. Remote sensing research of Syria conflict on UN's briefing [2015 Jun 30; accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: http://en.whu. edu.cn/info/1081/1946.htm
6. Syrian American Medical Society. Syrian medical voices from the ground: the ordeal of Syria's healthcare professionals. 2015 [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.sams-usa.net/ foundation/images/PDFs/Syrian%20Medical%20Voices%20from% 20the%20Ground-F.pdf
7. Cousins S. Under attack: Aleppo's hospitals. Lancet 2014;384: 221-222.
8. Physicians for Human Rights. Anatomy of a crisis: a map of attacks on health care in Syria [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: https://s3. amazonaws.com/PHR-syria-map/web/index.html
9. Sankari A, Atassi B, Sahloul MZ. Syrian field hospitals: a creative solution in urban military conflict combat in Syria. Avicenna J Med 2013;3:84-86.
10. Alsadat R, Dakak A, Mazlooms M, Ghadhban G, Fattoom S, Betelmal I, Abouchala N, Kherallah M. Characteristics and outcome of critically ill patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza infection in Syria. Avicenna J Med 2012;2:34-37.
11. Whelan L, Justice W, Goodloe JM, Dixon JD, Thomas SH. Trauma ultrasound in civilian tactical medicine. Emerg Med Int 2012; 2012:781570.
12. McNeil CR, McManus J, Mehta S. The accuracy of portable ultrasonography to diagnose fractures in an austere environment. Prehosp Emerg Care 2009;13:50-52.
13. Shorter M, Macias DJ. Portable handheld ultrasound in austere environments: use in the Haiti disaster. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012;27:172-177.
14. Dean AJ, Ku BS, Zeserson EM. The utility of handheld ultrasound in an austere medical setting in Guatemala after a natural disaster. Am J Disaster Med 2007;2:249-256.
15. Ajami S, Lamoochi P. Use of telemedicine in disaster and remote places. J Educ Health Promot 2014;3:26.
16. Garshnek V, Burkle FM Jr. Telecommunications systems in support of disaster medicine: applications of basic information pathways. Ann Emerg Med 1999;34:213-218.
17. Navein J, Hagmann J, Ellis J. Telemedicine in support of peacekeeping operations overseas: an audit. Telemed J 1997;3: 207-214.
18. Calcagni DE, Clyburn CA, Tomkins G, Gilbert GR, Cramer TJ, Lea RK, Ehnes SG, Zajtchuk R. Operation Joint Endeavor in Bosnia: telemedicine systems and case reports. Telemed J 1996;2:211-224.
19. Simmons S, Alverson D, Poropatich R, D'Iorio J, DeVany M, Doarn CR. Applying telehealth in natural and anthropogenic disasters. Telemed J E Health 2008;14:968-971.
20. Alajlani M, Clarke M. Effect of culture on acceptance of telemedicine in Middle Eastern countries: case study of Jordan and Syria. Telemed J E Health 2013;19:305-311.
21. Syrian American Medical Society. Syrian American Medical Society Annual Report 2014-2015. 2015 [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.sams-usa.net/foundation/images/Syrian% 20American%20Medical%20Society%20Annual%20Report% 202015
22. Donaldson RI, Mulligan DA, Nugent K, Cabral M, Saleeby ER, Ansari W, Tajer S, Gausche-Hill M. Using tele-education to train civilian physicians in an area of active conflict: certifying Iraqi physicians in Pediatric Advanced Life Support from the United States. J Pediatr 2011;159:507-509.e1.
23. Sparrow A. Syria: death from Assad's chlorine. New York Rev Books 2015;62:40-42.
24. Khattab A, Javaid A, Iraqi G, Alzaabi A, Ben Kheder A, Koniski ML, Shahrour N, Taright S, Idrees M, Polatli M, et al.; BREATHE Study Group. Smoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE study. Respir Med 2012;106:S16-S24.
25. Tageldin MA, Nafti S, Khan JA, Nejjari C, Beji M, Mahboub B, Obeidat NM, Uzaslan E, Sayiner A, Wali S, et al.; BREATHE Study Group. Distribution of COPD-related symptoms in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE study. Respir Med 2012;106: S25-S32.
26. Maziak W, Rastam S, Mzayek F, Ward KD, Eissenberg T, Keil U. Cardiovascular health among adults in Syria: a model from developing countries. Ann Epidemiol 2007;17:713-720.
27. Ben Taleb Z, Bahelah R, Fouad FM, Coutts A, Wilcox M, Maziak W. Syria: health in a country undergoing tragic transition. Int J Public Health 2015;60:S63-S72.
28. Coutts A, Fouad F, Abbara A, Sibai AM, Sahloul Z, Blanchet K. Responding to the Syrian health crisis: the need for data and research. Lancet Respir Med 2015;3:e8-e9.
29. Murugen J. Syria's other crisis. 2013 [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/09/30/ syrias-other-crisis
30. Spiegel P, Khalifa A, Mateen FJ. Cancer in refugees in Jordan and Syria between 2009 and 2012: challenges and the way forward in humanitarian emergencies. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:e290-e297.
31. Cousins S. Experts sound alarm as Syrian crisis fuels spread of tuberculosis. BMJ 2014;349:g7397.
32. Cookson ST, Abaza H, Clarke KR, Burton A, Sabrah NA, Rumman KA, Odeh N, Naoum M. Impact of and response to increased tuberculosis prevalence among Syrian refugees compared with Jordanian tuberculosis prevalence: case study of a tuberculosis public health strategy. Confl Health 2015;9:18.
33. Burki TK. Syria: the ongoing crisis. Lance Respir Med 2015;3:103.
34. UNHCR. At a glance: health data for Syrian refugees: Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon. Annual Report. 2013 [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: https://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=5635
35. Cousins S. Syrian crisis: health experts say more can be done. Lancet 2015;385:931-934.
36. Mirrakhimov AE, Sooronbaev T, Mirrakhimov EM. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in Asian adults: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Pulm Med 2013;13:10.
37. World Health Organization. Syria crisis funding still critically low for the WHO and partners [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: http:// www.emro.who.int/jor/jordan-news/syria-crisis-funding.html
38. Kerry J. Remarks at the 2015 Global Diaspora Week launch event: partnering for global impact. October 2015 [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2015/10/ 248072.htm
39. Syrian American Medical Society Foundation. Annual report, 2014-2015 [accessed 2015 Oct 2]. Available from: www.sams-usa.net/ foundation/images/SAMS-Annual-Report-for-web.pdf