Questioning the use of ‘degradation’ in climate mitigation: A case study of a forest carbon CDM project in Uganda

Land Use Policy

Volumn 59, Issue , 2016, Pages 412-422

  Hajdu, Flora ^a   Penje, Oskar ^a   Fischer, Klara ^a  

^a Department of Urban and Rural Development ^*  (Sweden)

Author keywords

CDM; Climate change; Deforestation; Degradation; Narrative; Remote sensing

Indexed keywords

CARBON SINK; CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM; CLIMATE CHANGE; DEFORESTATION; LAND DEGRADATION; LAND USE CHANGE; PLANTATION FORESTRY; REMOTE SENSING;

UGANDA;

EID: 84988731391     PISSN: 02648377     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.09.016     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Barrett, G., Brooks, S., Josefsson, J., Zulu, N., Starting the conversation: land issues and critical conservation studies in post-colonial Africa. J. Contemp. Afr. Stud. 31:3 (2013), 336–344.
2. Cavanagh, C., Benjaminsen, T.A., Virtual nature: violent accumulation: the ‘spectacular failure'of carbon offsetting at a Ugandan National Park. Geoforum 56 (2014), 55–65.
3. Chaudhry, M.A., Silim, S., Agri-silviculture in Uganda: a case for kachung forest. Unasylva, 32(21–25), 1980 (accessed 09.07.16) http://www.fao.org/docrep/n8595e/n8595e05.htm.
4. Fairhead, J., Leach, M., Misreading the African Landscape: Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic, vol 90, 1996, Cambridge University Press.
5. Fairhead, J., Leach, M., Reframing Deforestation: Global Analyses and Local Realities with Studies in West Africa. 1998, Psychology Press.
6. Fairhead, J., Leach, M., Science, Society and Power: Environmental Knowledge and Policy in West Africa and the Caribbean. 2003, Cambridge University Press.
7. Fairhead, J., Scoones, I., Local knowledge and the social shaping of soil investments: critical perspectives on the assessment of soil degradation in Africa. Land Use Policy 22:1 (2005), 33–41.
8. Frewer, T., Chan, S., GIS and the ‘Usual suspects’-[Mis] understanding land use change in Cambodia. Hum. Ecol. 42:2 (2014), 267–281.
9. Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) and Goddard Space Flight Center, (GSFC), GLCF Forest Cover Change 2000–2005. 2014, Global Land Cover Facility, University of Maryland, College Park.
10. Hajdu, F., Questioning homogenous degradation narratives in Transkei: Livelihoods and natural resource use in two Pondoland villages. Guyot, S., Dellier, J., (eds.) Rethinking the Wild Coast, South Africa: Eco-frontiers vs livelihoods in Pondoland., 2009, VDM Verlag.
11. Hajdu, F., Fischer, K., Problems, causes and solutions in the forest carbon discourse: a framework for analysing degradation narratives. Clim. Dev., 2016, 10.1080/17565529.2016.1174663.
12. Holling, C.S., Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 4 (1973), 1–23.
13. Holmgren, S., Governing Forests in a Changing Climate: Exploring Patterns of Thought at the Climate Change-forest Policy Intersection. PhD Theis. 2015, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae, 1652–6880 (61).
14. Kamanyire, M., Sustainability indicators for natural resource management & policy. Working Paper 3, Natural Resource Management and Policy in Uganda: Overview Paper, 2000, Economic Policy Research Centre, Kampala ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/agll/kageradocs/08case_studies/ug_nrm_overview_paper.pdf.
15. Kavallin Giertta, F., What Are Trees For? An Ethnographic Study of Local Firewood Practices in Uganda in the Context of Deforestation and Climate Change Discourses MSc Thesis. 2016, Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
16. Keeley, J., Scoones, I., Understanding Environmental Policy Processes: Cases from Africa. 2003, Earthscan.
17. Kull, C., Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar. 2004, California University Press Berkeley.
18. Lambin, E.F., Turner, B.L., Geist, H.J., Agbola, S.B., Angelsen, A., Bruce, J.W., Coomes, O.T., Dirzo, R., Fischer, G., Folke, C., George, P.S., Homewood, K., Imbernon, J., Leemans, R., Xiubin, L., Moran, E.F., Mortimore, M., Ramakrishnan, P.S., Richards, J.F., Skånes, H., Steffen, W., Svedin, U., Veldkamp, T.A., Vogel, C., Xu, J., The causes of land-use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths. Global Environ. Change 11:4 (2001), 261–269.
19. Leach, M., Scoones, I., Carbon Conflicts and Forest Landscapes in Africa. 2015, Routledge.
20. Lillesand, T., Kiefer, R.W., Chipman, J., Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. 7th ed., 2015, Wiley (March 2015).
21. Locher, M., Müller-Böker, U., Investors are good, if they follow the rules–power relations and local perceptions in the case of two European forestry companies in Tanzania. Geogr. Helv. 69 (2014), 249–258.
22. Lyons, K., Westoby, P., Carbon colonialism and the new land grab: plantation forestry in Uganda and its livelihood impacts. J. Rural Stud. 36 (2014), 13–21.
23. Maddox, G., ‘Degradation narratives' and ‘population time bombs': Myths and realities about African environments. Dovers, S., Edgecombe, R., Guest, B., (eds.) South Africa's Environmental History: Cases and Comparisons, 2002, Ohio University Press, David Philip Publishers, Athens, Cape Town, 250–259.
24. Namanya, B., Challenges to CDM implementation in Uganda: a critical analysis of legal and policy barriers. Int. J. Green Energy 5 (2008), 255–267.
25. Nel, A., Sequestering Market Environmentalism: Geographies of Carbon Forestry and Unevenness in Uganda Phd Thesis. 2014, University of Otago.
26. Nel, A., ‘Zones of awkward engagement’ in Ugandan carbon forestry. Leach, M., Scoones, I., (eds.) Carbon Conflicts and Forest Landscapes in Africa, 2015, Routledge, London and New York (94–107).
27. PDD, Project Design Document Form for Afforestation and Reforestation Project Activities (CDM-AR-PDD). Version 8, 4th September 2012. Kachung Forest Project: Afforestation on Degraded Lands. UNFCCC/CCNUCC. Available online: https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/TUEV-SUED1301918616.32/view.
28. Pistorius, T., From RED to REDD+: the evolution of a forest-based mitigation approach for developing countries. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 4:6 (2012), 638–645.
29. Reenberg, A., Insistent dryland narratives: portraits of knowledge about human-environmental interactions in Sahelian environment policy documents. West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol. 20:1 (2013), 97–111.
30. Rohde, R.F., Moleele, N.M., Mphale, M., Allsopp, N., Chanda, R., Hoffman, M.T., Magole, L., Young, E., Dynamics of grazing policy and practice: environmental and social impacts in three communal areas of southern Africa. Environ. Sci. Policy 9:3 (2006), 302–316, 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.11.009.
31. SEA, Swedish Energy Authority, 2012. Sveriges CDM och JI-program. Stöd till internationella klimatprojekt. Available for free at www.energimyndigheten.se, ET2012:13.
32. Sasaki, N., Putz, F.E., Critical need for new definitions of forest and forest degradation in global climate change agreements. Conserv. Lett. 2:5 (2009), 226–232.
33. Sexton, J.O., Song, X.-P., Feng, M., Noojipady, P., Anand, A., Huang, C., Kim, D.-H., Collins, K.M., Channan, S., DiMiceli, C., Townshend, J.R.G., Global, 30-m resolution continuous fields of tree cover: landsat-based rescaling of MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields with lidar-based estimates of error. Int. J. Digital Earth, 2013, 10.1080/17538947.2013.786146 130321031236007.
34. Stringer, L.C., Testing the orthodoxies of land degradation policy in Swaziland. Land Use Policy 26:2 (2009), 157–168, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.01.008.
35. Turyahabwe, N., Banana, A.Y., An overview of history and development of forest policy and legislation in Uganda. Int. For. Rev. 10:4 (2008), 641–656 (16).
36. UNFCCC, UNFCCC, (eds.) Afforestation and Reforestation Projects Under the Clean Development: A Reference Manual Mechanism, 2013, Bonn: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
37. UNFCCC. (AR-AM0004/Version 04) Approved afforestation and reforestation baseline and monitoring methodology AR-AM0004 Reforestation or afforestation of land currently under agricultural use.
38. UNFCCC, EB 50 Report, Annex 21 version 01. Available online: https://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/050/eb50_repan21. pdf.
39. Waide, J., Forest ecosystem stability: revision of the resistance-resilience model in relation to observable macroscopic properties of ecosystems. Forest Hydrology and Ecology at Coweeta, 1988, Springer, 383–405.
40. Wilson Rowe, E., Locating international REDD+ power relations: debating forests and trees in international climate negotiations. Geoforum 66 (2015), 64–74.