Biological Function and Dysfunction

The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 878-902

  Wakefield, Jerome C ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological function; Evolutionary psychology; Harmful dysfunction analysis; Mental disorder

Indexed keywords

EID: 84987792949     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470939376.ch31     Document Type: Chapter

References (60)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Andrews, P. W., Gangestad, S. W., & Matthews, D. (2002). Adaptationism, exaptationism, and evolutionary behavioral science. Behavior and Brain Sciences, 25, 534-547.
3. Ausubel, D. P. (1971). Personality disorder is disease. American Psychologist, 16, 59-74.
4. Bedau, M. (1993). Naturalism and teleology. In S. J. Wagner & R. Warner (Eds.), Naturalism: A critical appraisal (pp. 23-52). Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
5. Bickman, L., Guthrie, P. R., Foster, E. M., Lambert, E. W., Summerfelt, W. T., Breda, C., et al. (1995). Managed care in mental health: The Fort Bragg experiment. New York: Plenum Publishing.
6. Boorse, C. (1975). On the distinction between disease and illness. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 5, 49-68.
7. Brandon, R. N. (1990). Adaptation and environment. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8. Buller, D. J. (1999). Introduction: Natural teleology. In D. Buller (Ed.), Function, selection, and design (pp. 1-27). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
9. Buss, D. M., Haselton, M. M. G., Shackelford, T. K., Bleske, A., & Wakefield, J. C. (1998). Adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels. American Psychologist, 53, 533-548.
10. Caplan, A. L. (1981). The "unnaturalness" of aging: A sickness unto death. In A. L. Caplan, H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., & J. J. McCartney (Eds.), Concepts of health and disease: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 725-738). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
11. Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1999). Toward an evolutionary taxonomy of treatable conditions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 453-464.
12. Dawkins, R. (1986). The blind watchmaker. London: Longman.
13. Foucault, M. (1965). Madness and civilization: A history of insanity in the Age of Reason (Trans. R. Howard). New York: Pantheon.
14. Godfrey-Smith, P. (1999a). A modern history theory of functions. In D. Buller (Ed.), Function, selection, and design (pp. 199-220). Albany, NY: SUNY Press. (Reprinted from Nous 28, pp. 344-362, 1994.).
15. Godfrey-Smith, P. (1999b). Functions: Consensus without unity. In D. Buller (Ed.), Function, selection, and design (pp. 185-197). Albany, NY: SUNY Press. (Reprinted from Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 74, pp. 196-208, 1993.).
16. Gotthelf, A. (1999). Darwin on Aristotle. Journal of the History of Biology, 32, 3-30.
17. Gould, S. J. (1991). Exaptation: A crucial tool for evolutionary analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 47, 43-65.
18. Gould, S. J., & Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The Spandrels of San Marcos and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 205, 581-598.
19. Gould, S. J., & Vrba, E. S. (1982). Exaptation: A missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology, 8, 4-15.
20. Griffiths, P. E. (1996). The historical turn in the study of adaptation. British Journal for Philosophy of Science, 47, 511-532.
21. Griffiths, P. E. (1999). Functional analysis and proper functions. In D. Buller (Ed.), Function, selection, and design (pp. 143-158). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
22. Hempel, C. G. (1965). The logic of functional analysis. In C. G. Hempel (Ed.), Aspects of scientific explanation and other essays in the philosophy of science (pp. 297-330). New York: Free Press.
23. Houts, A. C. (2001). Harmful dysfunction and the search for value neutrality in the definition of mental disorder: Response to Wakefield, part 2. Behavior Research and Therapy, 39, 1099-1132.
24. Hull, D. L. (1990). The metaphysics of evolution. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
25. Kendell, R. E. (1975). The concept of disease and its implications for psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 305-315.
26. Kendell, R. E. (1986). What are mental disorders? In A. M. Freedman et al. (Eds.), Issues in classification: Science, practice, and social policy (pp. 23-45). New York: Human Science Press.
27. Kitcher, P. (1999). Function and design. In D. Buller (Ed.), Function, selection, and design (pp. 159-183). Albany, NY: SUNY Press. (Reprinted from Midwest Studies in Philosophy 18, pp. 379-397, 1993.).
28. Klein, D. F. (1978). A proposed definition of mental illness. In R. L. Spitzer & D. F. Klein (Eds.), Critical issues in psychiatric diagnosis (pp. 41-71). New York: Raven Press.
29. Klein, D. F. (1993). False suffocation alarms, spontaneous panics, and related conditions: An integrative hypothesis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 306-317.
30. Lewontin, R. C. (1979). Sociobiology as an adaptationist program. Behavioral Sciences, 24, 5-14.
31. Lilienfeld, S. O., & Marino, L. (1995). Mental disorder as a Roschian concept: A critique of Wakefield's "harmful dysfunction" analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 411-420.
32. Lilienfeld, S. O., & Marino, L. (1999). Essentialism revisitied: Evolutionary theory and the concept of mental disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 400-411.
33. Macklin, R. (1981). Mental health and mental illness: Some problems of definition and concept formation. In A. L. Caplan, H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., & J. J. McCartney (Eds.), Concepts of health and disease: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 391-418). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
34. McNally, R. J. (1994). Panic disorder: A conceptual analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
35. Millikan, R. G. (1984). Language, thought, and other biological categories. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Moore, M. S. (1978). Discussion of the Spitzer-Endicott and Klein proposed definitions of mental disorder (illness). In R. L. Spitzer & D. F. Klein (Eds.), Critical issues in psychiatric diagnosis (pp. 85-104). New York: Raven Press.
37. Neander, K. (1991). Functions as selected effects: The conceptual analyst's defense. Philosophy of Science, 58, 168-184.
38. Nesse, R. M. (1991). What good is feeling bad? The Sciences, 31, 30-37.
39. Orzack, S. E., & Sober, E. (1994). Optimality models and the test of adaptationism. American Naturalist, 143, 361-380.
40. Putnam, H. (1975). The meaning of meaning. In H. Putnam (Ed.), Mind, language, and reality: Philosophical papers (Vol. 2, pp. 215-271). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
41. Ruse, M. (1973). The philosophy of biology. London: London University Press.
42. Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality: An essay in philosophy of mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43. Sedgwick, P. (1982). Psycho politics. New York: Harper & Row.
44. Sober, E. (1984). The nature of selection. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
45. Spitzer, R. L., & Endicott, J. (1978). Medical and mental disorder: Proposed definition and criteria. In R. L. Spitzer & D. F. Klein (Eds.), Critical issues in psychiatric diagnosis (pp. 15-39). New York: Raven Press.
46. Szasz, T. S. (1974). The myth of mental illness: Foundations of a theory of personal conduct (Revised edition).New York: Harper & Row.
47. Tinbergen, N. (1963). On aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 20, 410-433.
48. Wakefield, J. C. (1992a). The concept of mental disorder: On the boundary between biological facts and social values. American Psychologist, 47, 373-388.
49. Wakefield, J. C. (1992b). Disorder as harmful dysfunction: A conceptual critique of DSM-III-R's definition of mental disorder. Psychological Review, 99, 232-247.
50. Wakefield, J. C. (1997). Diagnosing DSM: Pt. 1. DSM and the concept of mental disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 633-650.
51. Wakefield, J. C. (1999a). Disorder as a black box essentialist concept. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 465-472.
52. Wakefield, J. C. (1999b). Evolutionary versus prototype analyses of the concept of disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 374-399.
53. Wakefield, J. C. (2000). Spandrels, vestigial organs, and such: Reply to Murphy and Woolfolk's "The harmful dysfunction analysis of mental disorder." Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, 7, 253-270.
54. Wakefield, J. C. (2004). The myth of open concepts: Meehl's analysis of construct meaning versus black box essentialism. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 11, 77-82.
55. Wakefield, J. C., & First, M. (2003). Clarifying the distinction between disorder and non-disorder: Confronting the overdiagnosis ("false positives") problem in DSM-V. In K. A. Phillips, M. B. First, & H. A. Pincus (Eds.), Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in psychiatric diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
56. Wakefield, J. C., Pottick, K. J., & Kirk, S. A. (2002). Should the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder consider social context? American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 380-386.
57. Williams, G. C. (1966). Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
58. Williams, G. C. (1992). Natural selection: Domains, levels, and challenges. New York: Oxford University Press.
59. Wright, L. (1973). Functions. Philosophical Review, 82, 139-168.
60. Wright, L. (1976). Teleological explanations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.