EAN guidelines on central neurostimulation therapy in chronic pain conditions

European Journal of Neurology

Volumn 23, Issue 10, 2016, Pages 1489-1499

  Cruccu, G ^a,b   Garcia Larrea, L ^c   Hansson, P ^a,d,e   Keindl, M ^f   Lefaucheur, J P ^g   Paulus, W ^h   Taylor, R ⁱ   Tronnier, V ^j,k   Truini, A ^b   Attal, N ^a,l  

^a EAN Scientific Panel Pain   (Austria)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^d KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^e OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^f DANUBE UNIVERSITY KREMS   (Austria)

^g HENRI MONDOR HOSPITAL   (France)

^h UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF EXETER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^j UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN   (Germany)

^k IASP Special Interest Group on Neuromodulation   (United States)

^l INSERM U 987   (France)

more..

Author keywords

chronic pain; complex regional pain syndrome; fibromyalgia; neuromodulation; neuropathic pain; neurostimulation; post surgical chronic back and leg pain

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CHRONIC PAIN; COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME TYPE I; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; EPIDURAL MOTOR CORTEX STIMULATION; FAILED BACK SURGERY SYNDROME; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMAN; INTRACTABLE PAIN; META ANALYSIS; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REOPERATION; SPINAL CORD INJURY PAIN; SPINAL CORD STIMULATION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

EID: 84987754304     PISSN: 13515101     EISSN: 14681331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ene.13103     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Dworkin RH, O'Connor AB, Kent J, et al. Interventional management of neuropathic pain: NeuPSIG recommendations. Pain 2013; 154: 2249–2261.
2. Cruccu G, Aziz TZ, Garcia-Larrea L, et al. EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14: 952–970.
3. Brainin M, Barnes M, Baron JC, et al. Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces – revised recommendations 2004. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11: 577–581.
4. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Schünemann HJ, et al. GRADE guidelines: a new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64: 380–382.
5. Leone MA, Keindl M, Schapira AH, Deuschl G, Federico A. Practical recommendations for the process of proposing, planning and writing a neurological management guideline by EAN task forces. Eur J Neurol 2015; 22: 1505–1510.
6. Frey ME, Manchikanti L, Benyamin RM, Schultz DM, Smith HS, Cohen SP. Spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome: a systematic review. Pain Physician 2009; 12: 379–397.
7. Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration 2011. Available at: www.cochrane.org/training/cochrane-handbook (accessed 23/12/2015).
8. Kumar K, Buchser E, Linderoth B, Meglio M, Van Buyten JP. Avoiding complications from spinal cord stimulation: practical recommendations from an international panel of experts. Neuromodulation 2007; 10: 24–33.
9. Linderoth B, Foreman R. Physiology of spinal cord stimulation: review and update. Neuromodulation 1999; 3: 150–164.
10. Oakley J, Prager J. Spinal cord stimulation: mechanism of action. Spine 2002; 27: 2574–2583.
11. Taylor RS, Van Buyten JP, Buchser E. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in the management of failed back surgery syndrome. Spine 2005; 30: 152–160.
12. Taylor RS, Desai MJ, Rigoard P, Taylor RJ. Predictors of pain relief following spinal cord stimulation in chronic back and leg pain and failed back surgery syndrome: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Pain Pract 2014; 14: 489–505.
13. Kumar K, Taylor RS, Jacques L, et al. Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndrome. Pain 2007; 132: 179–188.
14. North RB, Kidd DH, Farrokhi F, et al. Spinal cord stimulation versus repeated lumbosacral spine surgery for chronic pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurosurgery 2005; 56: 98–106.
15. Kemler MA, Barendse GA, van Kleef M, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 618–624.
16. Kemler MA, de Vet HC, Barendse GA, van den Wildenberg FA, van Kleef M. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy – five-year follow-up. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2394–2396.
17. Boccard SG, Pereira EA, Aziz TZ. Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22: 1537–1543.
18. Pereira EA, Aziz TZ. Neuropathic pain and deep brain stimulation. Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11: 496–507.
19. Rasche D, Rinaldi PC, Young RF, Tronnier VM. Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of various chronic pain syndromes. Neurosurg Focus 2006; 21: E8.
20. Yamamoto T, Katayama Y, Obuchi T, et al. Thalamic sensory relay nucleus stimulation for the treatment of peripheral deafferentation pain. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2006; 84: 180–183.
21. Adams JE, Hosobuchi Y, Fields HL. Stimulation of internal capsule for relief of chronic pain. J Neurosurg 1974; 41: 740–744.
22. Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, Hirayama T, Koyama S. Chronic motor cortex stimulation in patients with chronic pain. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 393–401.
23. Cha M, Ji Y, Masri R. Motor cortex stimulation activates the incertothalamic pathway in an animal model of spinal cord injury. J Pain 2013; 14: 260–269.
24. Garcia-Larrea L, Peyron R, Mertens P, et al. Electrical stimulation of motor cortex for pain control: a combined PET-scan and electrophysiological study. Pain 1999; 83: 259–273.
25. Pagano RL, Assis DV, Clara JA, et al. Transdural motor cortex stimulation reverses neuropathic pain in rats: a profile of neuronal activation. Eur J Pain 2011; 15: 268.e1-14.
26. Pagano RL, Fonoff ET, Dale CS, Ballester G, Teixeira MJ, Britto LR. Motor cortex stimulation inhibits thalamic sensory neurons and enhances activity of PAG neurons: possible pathways for antinociception. Pain 2012; 153: 2359–2369.
27. Jiang L, Ji Y, Voulalas PJ, et al. Motor cortex stimulation suppresses cortical responses to noxious hindpaw stimulation after spinal cord lesion in rats. Brain Stimul 2014; 7: 182–189.
28. Peyron R, Faillenot I, Mertens P, Laurent B, Garcia-Larrea L. Motor cortex stimulation in neuropathic pain. Correlations between analgesic effect and hemodynamic changes in the brain. A PET study. NeuroImage 2007; 34: 310–321.
29. Garcia-Larrea L, Peyron R. Motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic pain: from phenomenology to mechanisms. NeuroImage 2007; 37(Suppl. 1): 71–79.
30. Maarrawi J, Peyron R, Mertens P, et al. Motor cortex stimulation for pain control induces changes in the endogenous opioid system. Neurology 2007; 69: 827–834.
31. Maarrawi J, Peyron R, Mertens P, et al. Brain opioid receptor density predicts motor cortex stimulation efficacy for chronic pain. Pain 2013; 154: 2563–2568.
32. Fonoff ET, Dale CS, Pagano RL, et al. Antinociception induced by epidural motor cortex stimulation in naive conscious rats is mediated by the opioid system. Behav Brain Res 2009; 196: 63–70.
33. Lefaucheur JP, Drouot X, Cunin P, et al. Motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of refractory peripheral neuropathic pain. Brain 2009; 132: 1463–1471.
34. Hosomi K, Saitoh Y, Kishima H, et al. Electrical stimulation of primary motor cortex within the central sulcus for intractable neuropathic pain. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119: 993–1001.
35. André-Obadia A, Mertens P, Lelekov-Boissard A, Afif A, Magnin M, Garcia-Larrea L. Is life better after motor cortex stimulation for pain control? Results at long-term and their prediction by preoperative rTMS. Pain Physician 2014; 17: 53–62.
36. Nuti C, Peyron R, Garcia-Larrea L, et al. Motor cortex stimulation for refractory neuropathic pain: four year outcome and predictors of efficacy. Pain 2005; 118: 43–52.
37. Sears NC, Machado AG, Nagel SJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of spinal cord stimulation with paddle leads in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome and failed back surgery syndrome. Neuromodulation 2011; 14: 312–318.
38. Nguyen JP, Velasco F, Brugières P, et al. Treatment of chronic neuropathic pain by motor cortex stimulation: results of a bicentric controlled crossover trial. Brain Stimul 2008; 1: 89–96.
39. Lefaucheur JP, Ménard-Lefaucheur I, Goujon C, Keravel Y, Nguyen JP. Predictive value of rTMS in the identification of responders to epidural motor cortex stimulation therapy for pain. J Pain 2011; 12: 1102–1111.
40. André-Obadia N, Peyron R, Mertens P, Mauguière F, Laurent B, Garcia-Larrea L. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain control. Double-blind study of different frequencies against placebo, and correlation with motor cortex stimulation efficacy. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117: 1536–1544.
41. Mylius V, Borckardt JJ, Lefaucheur JP. Non-invasive cortical modulation of experimental pain. Pain 2012; 153: 1350–1363.
42. Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125: 2150–2206.
43. Lefaucheur JP, Drouot X, Keravel Y, Nguyen JP. Pain relief induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of precentral cortex. NeuroReport 2001; 12: 2963–2965.
44. André-Obadia N, Mertens P, Gueguen A, Peyron R, Garcia-Larrea L. Pain relief by rTMS: differential effect of current flow but no specific action on pain subtypes. Neurology 2008; 71: 833–840.
45. Lefaucheur JP, Drouot X, Nguyen JP. Interventional neurophysiology for pain control: duration of pain relief following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. Neurophysiol Clin 2001; 31: 247–252.
46. Khedr EM, Kotb H, Kamel NF, Ahmed MA, Sadek R, Rothwell JC. Long lasting antalgic effects of daily sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in central and peripheral neuropathic pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 833–838.
47. Passard A, Attal N, Benadhira R, et al. Effects of unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex on chronic widespread pain in fibromyalgia. Brain 2007; 130: 2661–2670.
48. Mhalla A, Baudic S, Ciampi de Andrade D, et al. Long-term maintenance of the analgesic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in fibromyalgia. Pain 2011; 152: 1478–1485.
49. Hodaj H, Alibeu JP, Payen JF, Lefaucheur JP. Treatment of chronic facial pain including cluster headache by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex with maintenance sessions: a naturalistic study. Brain Stimul 2015; 8: 801–807.
50. Irlbacher K, Kuhnert J, Röricht S, Meyer BU, Brandt SA. Central and peripheral deafferent pain: therapy with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Nervenarzt 2006; 77: 1196–1203.
51. Fricová J, Klírová M, Masopust V, Novák T, Vérebová K, Rokyta R. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic orofacial pain. Physiol Res 2013; 62(Suppl. 1): S125–S134.
52. Hosomi K, Shimokawa T, Ikoma K, et al. Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex for neuropathic pain: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, crossover, sham-controlled trial. Pain 2013; 154: 1065–1072.
53. Yılmaz B, Kesikburun S, Yaşar E, Tan AK. The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on refractory neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2014; 37: 397–400.
54. Boyer L, Dousset A, Roussel P, et al. rTMS in fibromyalgia: a randomized trial evaluating QoL and its brain metabolic substrate. Neurology 2014; 82: 1231–1238.
55. Picarelli H, Teixeira MJ, de Andrade DC, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious as an add-on to pharmacological therapy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I. J Pain 2010; 11: 1203–1210.
56. Sampson S, Rome JD, Rummans TA. Slow-frequency rTMS reduces fibromyalgia pain. Pain Med 2006; 7: 115–118.
57. Reid P, Pridmore S. Improvement in chronic pain with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2001; 35: 252.
58. Avery DH, Holtzheimer PE 3rd, Fawaz W, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces pain in patients with major depression: a sham-controlled study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2007; 195: 378–381.
59. Short EB, Borckardt JJ, Anderson BS, et al. Ten sessions of adjunctive left prefrontal rTMS significantly reduces fibromyalgia pain: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Pain 2011; 152: 2477–2484.
60. Sampson SM, Kung S, McAlpine DE, Sandroni P. The use of slow-frequency prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in refractory neuropathic pain. J ECT 2011; 27: 33–37.
61. Borckardt JJ, Smith AR, Reeves ST, et al. A pilot study investigating the effects of fast left prefrontal rTMS on chronic neuropathic pain. Pain Med 2009; 10: 840–849.
62. de Oliveira RA, de Andrade DC, Mendonça M, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left premotor/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex does not have analgesic effect on central poststroke pain. J Pain 2014; 15: 1271–1281.
63. O'Connell NE, Wand BM, Marston L, Spencer S, Desouza LH. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 4: CD008208.
64. Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Ridding M. Transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation: technique and paradigms. Handb Clin Neurol 2013; 116: 329–342.
65. Nitsche MA, Muller-Dahlhaus F, Paulus W, Ziemann U. The pharmacology of neuroplasticity induced by non-invasive brain stimulation: building models for the clinical use of CNS active drugs. J Physiol 2012; 590: 4641–4662.
66. Caty G, Hu L, Legrain V, Plaghki L, Mouraux A. Psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence for nociceptive dysfunction in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2013; 154: 2521–2528.
67. Üçeyler N, Zeller D, Kahn AK, et al. Small fibre pathology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Brain 2013; 136(Pt 6): 1857–1867.
68. Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14: 162–173.
69. De Ridder D, Plazier M, Kamerling N, Menovsky T, Vanneste S. Burst spinal cord stimulation for limb and back pain. World Neurosurg 2013; 80: 642–649.
70. Kapural L, Yu C, Doust MW, et al. Novel 10-kHz high-frequency therapy (HF10 therapy) is superior to traditional low-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back and leg pain: the SENZA-RCT randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology 2015; 123: 851–860.
71. Perruchoud C, Eldabe S, Batterham AM, et al. Analgesic efficacy of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Neuromodulation 2013; 16: 363–369.
72. Forget P, Boyer T, Steyaert A, Masquelier E, Deumens R, Le Polain de Waroux B. Clinical evidence for dorsal root ganglion stimulation in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. A review. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2015; 66: 37–41.
73. Onesti E, Gabriele M, Cambieri C, et al. H-coil repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain relief in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2013; 17: 1347–1356.