Exercise and fitness modulate cognitive function in older adults

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 842-848

  Chu, Chien Heng ^a   Chen, Ai Guo ^b   Hung, Tsung Min ^c   Wang, Chun Chih ^a   Chang, Yu Kai ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN SPORT UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b YANGZHOU UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c NATIONAL TAIWAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Aerobic exercise; Cognition; Executive function; Inhibition; Stroop test

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AEROBIC EXERCISE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN; STROOP TEST; AGED; AGING; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FITNESS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; READING;

AGED; AGING; COGNITION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICAL FITNESS; READING; STROOP TEST;

EID: 84986310084     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: 19391498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000047     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (9th ed.). New York, NY: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
2. Angevaren, M., Aufdemkampe, G., Verhaar, H. J., Aleman, A., & Vanhees, L. (2008). Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2008(3): CD005381.
3. Aron, A. R., Durston, S., Eagle, D. M., Logan, G. D., Stinear, C. M., & Stuphorn, V. (2007). Converging evidence for a fronto-basal-ganglia network for inhibitory control of action and cognition. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 11860-11864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI .3644-07.2007
4. Barella, L. A., Etnier, J. L., & Chang, Y.-K. (2010). The immediate and delayed effects of an acute bout of exercise on cognitive performance of healthy older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 18, 87-98.
5. Boot, W. R., Simons, D. J., Stothart, C., & Stutts, C. (2013). The pervasive problem with placebos in psychology: Why active control groups are not sufficient to rule out placebo effects. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 445-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691613491271
6. Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14, 377-381. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1249/00005768-198205000-00012
7. Brisswalter, J., Collardeau, M., & René, A. (2002). Effects of acute physical exercise characteristics on cognitive performance. Sports Medicine (Auckland, NZ), 32, 555-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256- 200232090-00002
8. Bugg, J. M., Jacoby, L. L., & Toth, J. P. (2008). Multiple levels of control in the Stroop task. Memory & Cognition, 36, 1484-1494. http://dx.doi .org/10.3758/MC.36.8.1484
9. Chang, Y.-K., Chi, L., Etnier, J. L., Wang, C.-C., Chu, C.-H., & Zhou, C. (2014). Effect of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive performance: Role of cardiovascular fitness. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 464- 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.04.007
10. Chang, Y.-K., & Etnier, J. L. (2015). Acute exercise and cognitive function: Emerging research issues. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4, 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.12.001
11. Chang, Y.-K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Brain Research, 1453, 87-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02 .068
12. Chang, Y.-K., Tsai, C.-L., Huang, C.-C., Wang, C.-C., & Chu, I.-H. (2014). Effects of acute resistance exercise on cognition in late middleaged adults: General or specific cognitive improvement? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17, 51-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j .jsams.2013.02.007
13. Chang, Y.-K., Tsai, C.-L., Hung, T.-M., So, E. C., Chen, F.-T., & Etnier, J. L. (2011). Effects of acute exercise on executive function: A study with a Tower of London task. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 847-865.
14. Chu, C.-H., Alderman, B. L., Wei, G.-X., & Chang, Y.-K. (2015). Effects of acute aerobic exercise on motor response inhibition: An ERP study using the stop-signal task. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4, 73-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.12.002
15. Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97, 332-361. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1037/0033-295X.97.3.332
16. Colcombe, S. J., Erickson, K. I., Raz, N., Webb, A. G., Cohen, N. J., McAuley, E., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Aerobic fitness reduces brain tissue loss in aging humans. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58, M176-M180. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/gerona/58.2.M176
17. Colcombe, S. J., Kramer, A. F., Erickson, K. I., Scalf, P., McAuley, E., Cohen, N. J., Elavsky, S. (2004). Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 3316-3321. http://dx.doi .org/10.1073/pnas.0400266101
18. Erickson, K. I., Prakash, R. S., Voss, M. W., Chaddock, L., Hu, L., Morris, K. S., Kramer, A. F. (2009). Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans. Hippocampus, 19, 1030-1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20547
19. Etgen, T., Sander, D., Huntgeburth, U., Poppert, H., Förstl, H., & Bickel, H. (2010). Physical activity and incident cognitive impairment in elderly persons: The INVADE study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, 186- 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.498
20. Etnier, J. L., & Chang, Y.-K. (2009). The effect of physical activity on executive function: A brief commentary on definitions, measurement issues, and the current state of the literature. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 469-483.
21. Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G. J., Amsterdam, E. A., Chaitman, B., Eckel, R., Fleg, J., Bazzarre, T. (2001). Exercise standards for testing and training: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 104, 1694-1740. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1161/hc3901.095960
22. Golding, L. A. (1989). YMCA fitness testing and assessment manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
23. Gorman, M. (2002). Global ageing-The non-governmental organization role in the developing world. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 782-785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.4.782
24. Hasher, L., Chung, C., May, C. P., & Foong, N. (2002). Age, time of testing, and proactive interference. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, 200-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0087397
25. Heo, S., Prakash, R. S., Voss, M. W., Erickson, K. I., Ouyang, C., Sutton, B. P., & Kramer, A. F. (2010). Resting hippocampal blood flow, spatial memory and aging. Brain Research, 1315, 119-127. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.020
26. Hillman, C. H., Snook, E. M., & Jerome, G. J. (2003). Acute cardiovascular exercise and executive control function. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48, 307-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167- 8760(03)00080-1
27. Hogan, M., Kiefer, M., Kubesch, S., Collins, P., Kilmartin, L., & Brosnan, M. (2013). The interactive effects of physical fitness and acute aerobic exercise on electrophysiological coherence and cognitive performance in adolescents. Experimental Brain Research, 229, 85-96. http://dx.doi .org/10.1007/s00221-013-3595-0
28. Hyodo, K., Dan, I., Suwabe, K., Kyutoku, Y., Yamada, Y., Akahori, M., Soya, H. (2012). Acute moderate exercise enhances compensatory brain activation in older adults. Neurobiology of Aging, 33, 2621-2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.022
29. Ide, K., & Secher, N. H. (2000). Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Progress in Neurobiology, 61, 397-414. http://dx.doi .org/10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00057-X
30. Jernigan, T. L., Archibald, S. L., Fennema-Notestine, C., Gamst, A. C., Stout, J. C., Bonner, J., & Hesselink, J. R. (2001). Effects of age on tissues and regions of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Neurobiology of Aging, 22, 581-594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(01)00217-2
31. Kamijo, K., Nishihira, Y., Higashiura, T., & Kuroiwa, K. (2007). The interactive effect of exercise intensity and task difficulty on human cognitive processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65, 114-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.04.001
32. Lambourne, K., & Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: A meta-regression analysis. Brain Research, 1341, 12-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010 .03.091
33. Liotti, M., Woldorff, M. G., Perez, R., & Mayberg, H. S. (2000). An ERP study of the temporal course of the Stroop color-word interference effect. Neuropsychologia, 38, 701-711.
34. McMorris, T., Sproule, J., Turner, A., & Hale, B. J. (2011). Acute, intermediate intensity exercise, and speed and accuracy in working memory tasks: A meta-analytical comparison of effects. Physiology & Behavior, 102, 421-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.12 .007
35. Milham, M. P., Erickson, K. I., Banich, M. T., Kramer, A. F., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., & Cohen, N. J. (2002). Attentional control in the aging brain: Insights from an fMRI study of the Stroop task. Brain and Cognition, 49, 277-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1501
36. Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ cogp.1999.0734
37. Netz, Y., Argov, E., & Inbar, O. (2009). Fitness's moderation of the facilitative effect of acute exercise on cognitive flexibility in older women. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 17, 154-166.
38. Netz, Y., Tomer, R., Axelrad, S., Argov, E., & Inbar, O. (2007). The effect of a single aerobic training session on cognitive flexibility in late middle-aged adults. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 82- 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924027
39. Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 220-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.220
40. Ogoh, S., & Ainslie, P. N. (2009). Cerebral blood flow during exercise: Mechanisms of regulation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 107, 1370- 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00573.2009
41. Pesce, C., & Audiffren, M. (2011). Does acute exercise switch off switch costs? A study with younger and older athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 609-626.
42. Pesce, C., Cereatti, L., Forte, R., Crova, C., & Casella, R. (2011). Acute and chronic exercise effects on attentional control in older road cyclists. Gerontology, 57, 121-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000314685
43. Salthouse, T. A. (2004). What and when of cognitive aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 140-144.
44. Sibley, B. A., Etnier, J. L., & Le Masurier, G. C. (2006). Effects of an acute bout of exercise on cognitive aspects of Stroop performance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 285-299.
45. Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Hoffman, B. M., Cooper, H., Strauman, T. A., Welsh-Bohmer, K., Sherwood, A. (2010). Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 239-252. http://dx.doi .org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d14633
46. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1037/h0054651
47. Tam, N. D. (2013). Improvement of processing speed in executive function immediately following an increase in cardiovascular activity. Cardio-vascular Psychiatry and Neurology, 2013: 212767. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1155/2013/212767
48. Wechsler, D. (1997). WAIS-III: Administration and scoring manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
49. West, R., & Alain, C. (1999). Event-related neural activity associated with the Stroop task. Cognitive Brain Research, 8, 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S0926-6410(99)00017-8
50. Yanagisawa, H., Dan, I., Tsuzuki, D., Kato, M., Okamoto, M., Kyutoku, Y., & Soya, H. (2010). Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test. NeuroImage, 50, 1702-1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j .neuroimage.2009.12.023