A new perspective in the evaluation of the mixing of biopolymer solutions with different coaxial mixers comprising of two dispersing impellers and a wall scraping anchor

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

Volumn 114, Issue , 2016, Pages 202-219

  Kazemzadeh, Argang ^a   Ein Mozaffari, Farhad ^a   Lohi, Ali ^a   Pakzad, Leila ^b  

^a RYERSON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Coaxial mixer; Computational fluid dynamics (CFD); Mixing; Multiple impellers; Non Newtonian yield pseudoplastic fluids; Tomography

Indexed keywords

BIOMOLECULES; DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS; FLUID DYNAMICS; IMPELLERS; MIXERS (MACHINERY); MIXING; NON NEWTONIAN FLOW; NON NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS; SHEAR FLOW; SHEAR STRAIN; STRAIN RATE; TOMOGRAPHY; TURBINES; TURBOMACHINE BLADES;

DUAL PITCHED BLADE TURBINES; ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TOMOGRAPHY; EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES; HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE; MULTIPLE IMPELLERS; PSEUDOPLASTIC FLUID; RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY; TANGENTIAL VELOCITIES;

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS;

EID: 84985986766     PISSN: 02638762     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.08.017     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Alvarez, M.M., Arriata, P.E., Muzzio, F.J., Laminar mixing in eccentric stirred tank systems. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 80 (2002), 546–557.
2. Bao, Y., Bo, Y., Gao, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, T., Gao, X., Power demand and mixing performance of coaxial mixers in non-Newtonian fluids. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 44 (2011), 57–66.
3. Baudou, C., Xuereb, C., Bertrand, J., 3-D hydrodynamics generated in stirred vessel by a multiple-propeller system. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 75 (1997), 653–663.
4. Bates, R.L., Fondy, P.L., Corpstein, R.R., An examination of some geometric parameters of impeller power. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process. Des. Dev. 2 (1963), 310–314.
5. Bates, R.L., Fondy, Fenic, J.G., Uhl, V., Gray, J.B., (eds.) Mixing – Theory and Practice, vol. 1, 1966, Academic Press, New York, 143.
6. Buwa, V., Dewan, A., Nasser, A.F., Durst, F., Fluid dynamics and mixing of single-phase flow in stirred vessel with a grid disc impeller: experimental and numerical investigations. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61 (2006), 2815–2822.
7. Bertrand, F., Tanguy, P.A., Britto-De La Fuente, E., A new perspective for the mixing of yield stress fluids with anchor impellers. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 29 (1996), 51–58.
8. Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., Lightfoot, E.N., Transport Phenomena. 3rd ed., 2007, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
9. Box, G., Behnken, D., Some new three level designs for the study of quantitative variables. Technometrics 2 (1960), 455–475.
10. Brucato, A., Ciofalo, M., Crisfi, F., Micale, G., Numerical prediction of new fields in baffled stirred vessels: a comparison of alternative modeling approaches. Chem. Eng. Sci. 53 (1998), 3653–3684.
11. Bonnot, S., Cabaret, F., Fradette, L., Tanguy, P.A., Characterization of mixing patterns in a coaxial mixer. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 85 (2007), 1129–1135.
12. Bujalski, W., Jaworski, Z., Nienow, A.W., CFD study of homogenization with dual Rushton turbine – comparison with experimental results. Part II: the multiple reference frame. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 80 (2002), 97–104.
13. Cronin, D.G., Nienow, A.W., Moody, G.W., An experimental study of mixing in a protofermenter agitated by dual Rushton turbines. Trans. IChemE Part C: Foods Bioprod. Process. 72 (1994), 35–40.
14. Cullen, P.J., Food Mixing: Principles and Applications. 2009, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex.
15. Delaplace, G., Thakur, R.K., Bouvier, L., Andre, C., Torrez, C., Dimensional analysis for planetary mixer: mixing time and Reynolds number. Chem. Eng. Sci. 62 (2007), 1442–1447.
16. Dubois, C., Thibault, F., Tanguy, P.A., Ait-Kadi, A., Characterization of viscous mixing in twin intermeshing conical helical mixers. I. Chem. E. Symp. 140 (1996), 972–977.
17. Farhat, M., Rivera, C., Fradette, L., Heniche, M., Tanguy, P.A., Numerical and experimental study of dual-shaft coaxial mixer with viscus fluids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 46 (2007), 5021–5031.
18. Farhat, M., Fradette, L., Tanguy, P.A., Revisiting the performance of a coaxial mixer. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47 (2008), 3562–3567.
19. Fathi Roudsari, S., Dhib, R., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Using a novel CFD model to assess the effect of mixing parameters on emulsion polymerization. Macromol. React. Eng. 10:2 (2016), 108–122.
20. Ford, C., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Bennington, C.P.J., Taghipour, F., Simulation of mixing dynamics in agitated pulp stuck chests using CFD. AIChE J. 52 (2006), 3562–3569.
21. Fort, I., Flow and turbulence in vessels with axial impellers. Uhl, V.W., Gray, J.B., (eds.) Mixing III, 1986, Academic Press, New York.
22. Foucault, S., Acanio, G., Tanguy, P.A., Coaxial mixer hydrodynamics with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Chem. Eng. Technol. 27 (2004), 324–329.
23. Foucault, S., Acanio, G., Tanguy, P.A., Power characteristics in coaxial mixing: Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44 (2005), 5036–5043.
24. Foucault, S., Ascanio, G., Tanguy, P.A., Mixing time in coaxial mixers with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45 (2006), 352–359.
25. Herschel, W.E., Bulkley, R., Measurements of consistency as applied to rubber-benzene solutions. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mater. 26 (1926), 621–633.
26. Hiraoka, S., Kato, Y., Tada, Y., Ozaki, N., Murakami, Y., Lee, Y.S., Power consumption and mixing time in an agitated vessel with double impellers. Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Mixing in Industrial Processes, PROGEP, Toulouse, 2001, 92–97.
27. Hudcova, V., Machon, V., Nienow, A.W., Gas–liquid dispersion with dual Rushton turbine impellers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 34 (1989), 617–628.
28. Ihejirika, I., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Using CFD and ultrasonic velocimetry to study the mixing of fluids with a helical ribbon impeller. Chem. Eng. Technol. 30 (2007), 606–614.
29. Jaworski, Z., Bujalski, W., Otomo, N., Nienow, A.W., CFD study of homogenization with dual Rushton turbines – comparison with experimental results. Part I: initial studies. Trans. IChemE Part A: Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 78 (2000), 327–333.
30. Khayet, M., Zahrim, A.Y., Hilal, N., Modelling and optimization of coagulation of highly concentrated industrial grade leather dye by response surface methodology. Chem. Eng. J. 167 (2011), 77–83.
31. Kazemzadeh, A., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Lohi, A., Pakzad, L., Effect of the rheological properties on the mixing of Herschel-Bulkley fluids with the coaxial mixers: applications of tomography, CFD, and response surface methodology. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 2016, 10.1002/cjce.22601.
32. Kazemzadeh, A., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Lohi, A., Pakzad, L., Investigation of hydrodynamic performances of coaxial mixers in agitation of yield-pseudoplasitc fluids: single and double central impellers in combination with the anchor. Chem. Eng. J. 294 (2016), 417–430.
33. Khopkar, A.R., Fradette, L., Tanguy, P.A., Hydrodynamics of a dual shaft mixer with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 85 (2007), 867–871.
34. Kohler, S., Hemmerle, W., Analysis of the power characteristic of coaxial agitator with varied diameter and speed ratio of inner and outer mixing device. Proc. 11th Eur. Conf. Mixing, Bamberg, Germany, 2003, 14–17.
35. Komori, S., Murakami, Y., Turbulent mixing in baffled stirred tanks with vertical-blade impellers. AIChE J. 34 (1988), 932–937.
36. Kresta, S.M., Wood, P.E., The mean flow field produced by a 45° pitched blade turbine: changes in the circulation pattern due to off bottom clearance. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 71 (1993), 42–53.
37. Letellier, B., Xuereb, C., Swaels, P., Hobbes, P., Scale-up in laminar and transient regimes of multi-stage stirrer, a CFD approach. Chem. Eng. Sci. 57 (2002), 4617–4632.
38. Luo, J.Y., Gosman, A.D., Issa, R.I., Prediction of impeller induced flows in mixing vessels using multiple frames of reference. Inst. Chem. Eng. Symp. 136 (1994), 549–556.
39. Luo, J.Y., Gosman, A.D., Issa, R.I., Middleton, J.C., Fitzgerald, M.K., Full flow field computation of mixing in baffled stirred vessels. Trans. IChemE 71 (1993), 342–344.
40. Mahamoudi, S.M.S., Yanneskis, M., The variation of flow pattern and mixing time with impeller spacing in stirred vessels with two Rushton impellers. Bruxelmane, M., Froment, G., (eds.) Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Mixing, K-VIV, Antwerp, 1991, 17–24.
41. Mishra, V., Joshi, J., Flow generated by disc turbine. IV: Multiple impellers. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 72 (1994), 657–668.
42. Magelli, F., Fajner, D., Pasquali, G., Nocentini, M., Fluid-dynamic behavior and mixing times of multiple impeller stirred tanks with low viscosity liquids. Proceedings of 5th Yugoslavian–Austrian–Italian Chemical Engineering Conference, Kardelj University, Ljubljana, 1986, 323–330.
43. Montante, G., Magelli, F., Liquid homogenization characteristics in vessels with multiple Rushton turbines mounted at different spacing: CFD study and comparison with experimental data. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 82 (2004), 1179–1187.
44. Montante, G., Magelli, F., Modeling of solids distribution in stirred tanks: analysis of simulation strategies and comparison with experimental data. Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 19 (2005), 253–262.
45. Montante, G., Bakker, A., Pagalianti, A., Magelli, F., Effects of the shaft eccentricity on the hydrodynamics of unbaffled stirred tank. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61 (2006), 2807–2814.
46. Movafagh, H., Turcotte, G., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Using tomography images to study the mixing of wheat straw slurries. Biofuels, 2016, 10.1080/17597269.2015.1138038.
47. Mukataka, S., Kataoka, H., Takahashi, J., Circulation time and degree of fluid exchange between upper and lower circulation regions in a stirred vessel with a dual impeller. J. Ferment. Technol. 59 (1981), 303–307.
48. Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments. 2nd ed., 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
49. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Chan, P., Using computational fluid dynamics modeling to study the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller. Chem. Eng. Proc. 47 (2008), 2218–2227.
50. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Chan, P., Using electrical resistance tomography and computational fluid dynamics modeling to study the formation of cavern in the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress. Chem. Eng. Sci. 63 (2008), 2508–2522.
51. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Chan, P., Measuring mixing time in the agitation of non-Newtonian fluids through electrical resistance tomography. Chem. Eng. Technol. 12 (2008), 1838–1845.
52. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Upreti, S.R., Lohi, A., Characterization of the mixing of non-Newtonian fluids with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller through ERT and CFD. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 2013, 1–11.
53. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Upreti, S.R., Lohi, A., Agitation of Herschel-Bulkley fluids with the Scaba-anchor coaxial mixers. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91, 2013, 761.
54. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Upreti, S.R., Lohi, A., Evaluation of the mixing of non-Newtonian biopolymer solutions in the reactors equipped with coaxial mixers through tomography and CFD. Chem. Eng. J. 215–216 (2013), 279–296.
55. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Upreti, S.R., Lohi, A., Using tomography to assess the efficiency of the coaxial mixers in agitation of yield-pseudoplastic fluids. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 91:9 (2013), 1715–1724.
56. Pakzad, L., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Upreti, S.R., Lohi, A., Experimental and numerical studies on mixing of yield-pseudoplastic fluids with a coaxial mixer. Chem. Eng. Commun. 200:12 (2013), 1553–1577.
57. Parajapati, P., Ein-Mozaffari, F., CFD investigation of the mixing of yield-pseudoplastic fluids with anchor impeller. Chem. Eng. Technol. 32 (2009), 1211–1218.
58. Patankar, S.V., Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid flow. 1980, Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
59. Patel, D., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Mehrvar, M., Effect of rheological parameters on non-ideal flows in the continuous-flow mixing of biopolymer solutions. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 100 (2015), 126–134.
60. Ranade, V.V., Computational Flow Modeling for Chemical Reactor Engineering. 2002, Academic Press, San Diego.
61. Rivera, C., Foucault, S., Heniche, M., Espinosa-Slares, T., Tanguy, P.A., Mixing analysis in a coaxial mixer. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61 (2006), 2895–2907.
62. Rudolph, L., Schaefer, M., Atiemo-Obeng, V., Kraume, M., Experimental and numerical analysis of power consumption for mixing of high viscosity fluids with a coaxial mixer. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 85:A5 (2007), 568–575.
63. Rudolph, L., Atiemo-Obeng, V., Schaefer, M., Kraume, M., Power consumption and blend time of coaxial tank mixing systems in non-Newtonian fluids. Proceedings of the 13th European Conference Mixing, London, United Kingdom, 2009, 439–446.
64. Rutherford, K., Lee, K.V., Mahmoudi, S.M.S., Yianneskis, M., Hydrodynamic characteristics of dual Rushton impeller stirred vessels. AIChE J. 42 (1996), 332–346.
65. Saeed, S., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Upreti, S.R., Using computational fluid dynamics and ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry to study pulp suspension mixing. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 46 (2007), 2172–2179.
66. Saeed, S., Ein-Mozaffari, F., Upreti, S.R., Using computational fluid dynamics to study the dynamic behavior of the continuous mixing of Herschel-Bulkley fluids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47 (2008), 7465–7475.
67. Solomon, J., Elson, T.P., Nienow, A.W., Cavern sizes in agitated fluids with a yield stress. Chem. Eng. Commun. 11 (1981), 143–164.
68. Tanguy, P.A., Lacroix, R., Bertrand, F., Choplin, L., Brito de Fuente, E., MIXING 7, KVI (Belgium), 1991, 507.
69. Tanguy, P.A., Thibault, F., Brito-De La Fuente, E., A new investigation of the Metzner-Otto concept for anchor mixing impellers. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 74 (1996), 222–228.
70. Tanguy, P.A., Bertrand, F., Dubois, C., Ait-Kadi, A., Mixing hydrodynamics in a planetary mixers. Trans. IChemE 77 (1999), 318–324.
71. Taguchi, H., Kimura, T.T., Studies on geometric parameters in fermenter design. I. Effect of impeller spacing on power consumption and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient. J. Ferment. Technol. 48 (1970), 117–124.
72. Thibaut, F., Tanguy, P.A., Power draw analysis of coaxial mixer with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in the laminar regime. Chem. Eng. Sci. 57 (2002), 3861–3872.
73. Zlokarnik, M., Stirring: Theory and Practice. 2001, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany.