Performance of rapid diagnostic test, blood-film microscopy and PCR for the diagnosis of malaria infection among febrile children from Korogwe District, Tanzania

Malaria Journal

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Mahende, Coline ^a,b   Ngasala, Billy ^b   Lusingu, John ^a,c   Yong, Tai Soon ^d   Lushino, Paminus ^a   Lemnge, Martha ^a   Mmbando, Bruno ^a   Premji, Zul ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Tanzania)

^b MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^d Yonsei University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Children; Febrile; Korogwe; Malaria; Malaria rapid diagnostic test; Microscopy; Outpatient; Plasmodium falciparum; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Tanzania

Indexed keywords

HISTIDINE;

ARTICLE; BLOOD FILM MICROSCOPY; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHILD; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALARIA FALCIPARUM; MALE; MICROSCOPY; OUTPATIENT CARE; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREVALENCE; QUALITY CONTROL; SCHOOL CHILD; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TANZANIA; BLOOD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EVALUATION STUDY; IMMUNOAFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARASITOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

BLOOD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, ROUTINE; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMANS; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY; INFANT; MALARIA; MALE; MICROSCOPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TANZANIA;

EID: 84984945064     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14752875     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1450-z     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. WHO: World malaria report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
2. Murray CJ, Rosenfeld LC, Lim SS, Andrews KG, Foreman KJ, Haring D, et al. Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2012;379:413-31.
3. Strom GE, Haanshuus CG, Fataki M, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Challenges in diagnosing paediatric malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Malar J. 2013;12:228.
4. Lundgren IS, Heltshe SL, Smith AL, Chibwana J, Fried MW, Duffy PE. Bacteremia and malaria in Tanzanian children hospitalized for acute febrile illness. J Trop Pediatr. 2015;61:81-5.
5. WHO. Intergrated Management of Childhood Illness. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
6. Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Carneiro I, Mwakasungula E, Mwerinde O, et al. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ. 2004;329:1212.
7. WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
8. Okell LC, Bousema T, Griffin JT, Ouedraogo AL, Ghani AC, Drakeley CJ. Factors determining the occurrence of submicroscopic malaria infections and their relevance for control. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1237.
9. Ngasala B, Mubi M, Warsame M, Petzold MG, Massele AY, Gustafsson LL, et al. Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial. Malar J. 2008;7:199.
10. Wilson ML. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria: conventional and rapid diagnostic methods. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013;137:805-11.
11. WHO. Universal access to malaria diagnostic testing. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
12. Mtove G, Nadjm B, Amos B, Hendriksen IC, Muro F, Reyburn H. Use of an HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test to guide treatment of children admitted to hospital in a malaria-endemic area of north-east Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health. 2011;16:545-50.
13. Bejon P, Andrews L, Hunt-Cooke A, Sanderson F, Gilbert SC, Hill AV. Thick blood film examination for Plasmodium falciparum malaria has reduced sensitivity and underestimates parasite density. Malar J. 2006;5:104.
14. Cordray MS, Richards-Kortum RR. Emerging nucleic acid-based tests for point-of-care detection of malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87:223-30.
15. Mosha JF, Sturrock HJ, Greenhouse B, Greenwood B, Sutherland CJ, Gadalla N, et al. Epidemiology of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infection: implications for detection of hotspots with imperfect diagnostics. Malar J. 2013;12:221.
16. Xu W, Morris U, Aydin-Schmidt B, Msellem MI, Shakely D, Petzold M, et al. SYBR Green real-time PCR-RFLP assay targeting the Plasmodium cytochrome B gene - a highly sensitive molecular tool for malaria parasite detection and species determination. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0120210.
17. Lo E, Zhou G, Oo W, Afrane Y, Githeko A, Yan G. Low parasitemia in submicroscopic infections significantly impacts malaria diagnostic sensitivity in the highlands of Western Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0121763.
18. Mmbando BP, Vestergaard LS, Kitua AY, Lemnge MM, Theander TG, Lusingu JP. A progressive declining in the burden of malaria in north-eastern Tanzania. Malar J. 2010;9:216.
19. National Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance Tanzania. Tanzania: Population and housing census; 2013.
20. Rutta AS, Francis F, Mmbando BP, Ishengoma DS, Sembuche SH, Malecela EK, et al. Using community-owned resource persons to provide early diagnosis and treatment and estimate malaria burden at community level in north-eastern Tanzania. Malar J. 2012;11:152.
21. Kho WG, Chung JY, Sim EJ, Kim MY, Kim DW, Jongwutiwes S, et al. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction for a differential diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Parasitol Int. 2003;52:229-36.
22. Riley EM, Wagner GE, Akanmori BD, Koram KA. Do maternally acquired antibodies protect infants from malaria infection? Parasite Immunol. 2001;23:51-9.
23. Pasvol G, Weatherall DJ, Wilson RJ. Effects of foetal haemoglobin on susceptibility of red cells to Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 1977;270:171-3.
24. McGregor IA. Epidemiology, malaria and pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1984;33:517-25.
25. Shakely D, Elfving K, Aydin-Schmidt B, Msellem MI, Morris U, Omar R, et al. The usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests in the new context of low malaria transmission in Zanzibar. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e72912.
26. Bisoffi Z, Sirima SB, Menten J, Pattaro C, Angheben A, Gobbi F, et al. Accuracy of a rapid diagnostic test on the diagnosis of malaria infection and of malaria-attributable fever during low and high transmission season in Burkina Faso. Malar J. 2010;9:192.
27. Koita OA, Doumbo OK, Ouattara A, Tall LK, Konare A, Diakite M, et al. False-negative rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and deletion of the histidine-rich repeat region of the hrp2 gene. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;86:194-8.
28. Cheng Q, Gatton ML, Barnwell J, Chiodini P, McCarthy J, Bell D, et al. Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3: a review and recommendations for accurate reporting. Malar J. 2014;13:283.
29. Ishengoma DS, Shayo A, Mandara CI, Baraka V, Madebe RA, Ngatunga D, et al. The role of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in screening of patients to be enrolled in clinical trials in low malaria transmission settings. Health Syst Policy Res. 2016;3:2.
30. Kumar N, Pande V, Bhatt RM, Shah NK, Mishra N, Srivastava B, et al. Genetic deletion of HRP2 and HRP3 in Indian Plasmodium falciparum population and false negative malaria rapid diagnostic test. Acta Trop. 2013;125:119-21.
31. Gamboa D, Ho MF, Bendezu J, Torres K, Chiodini PL, Barnwell JW, et al. A large proportion of P. falciparum isolates in the Amazon region of Peru lack pfhrp2 and pfhrp3: implications for malaria rapid diagnostic tests. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e8091.
32. Johansson EW, Kitutu FE, Mayora C, Awor P, Peterson SS, Wamani H, et al. It could be viral but you don't know, you have not diagnosed it: health worker challenges in managing non-malaria paediatric fevers in the low transmission area of Mbarara District, Uganda. Malar J. 2016;15:197.
33. Global Malaria Programme. False-negative RDT results and implications of new reports of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
34. Harchut K, Standley C, Dobson A, Klaassen B, Rambaud-Althaus C, Althaus F, et al. Over-diagnosis of malaria by microscopy in the Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania: an evaluation of the utility and cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests. Malar J. 2013;12:159.
35. Bisoffi Z, Sirima SB, Meheus F, Lodesani C, Gobbi F, Angheben A, et al. Strict adherence to malaria rapid test results might lead to a neglect of other dangerous diseases: a cost benefit analysis from Burkina Faso. Malar J. 2011;10:226.
36. McMorrow ML, Aidoo M, Kachur SP. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in elimination settings - can they find the last parasite? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17:1624-31.
37. Golassa L, Enweji N, Erko B, Aseffa A, Swedberg G. Detection of a substantial number of sub-microscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections by polymerase chain reaction: a potential threat to malaria control and diagnosis in Ethiopia. Malar J. 2013;12:352.
38. Mwingira F, Genton B, Kabanywanyi AN, Felger I. Comparison of detection methods to estimate asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence and gametocyte carriage in a community survey in Tanzania. Malar J. 2014;13:433.
39. Mmbando BP, Segeja MD, Msangeni HA, Sembuche SH, Ishengoma DS, Seth MD, et al. Epidemiology of malaria in an area prepared for clinical trials in Korogwe, north-eastern Tanzania. Malar J. 2009;8:165.
40. Manjurano A, Okell L, Lukindo T, Reyburn H, Olomi R, Roper C, et al. Association of sub-microscopic malaria parasite carriage with transmission intensity in north-eastern Tanzania. Malar J. 2011;10:370.
41. Mboera LE, Kamugisha ML, Rumisha SF, Kisinza WN, Senkoro KP, Kitua AY. Malaria and mosquito net utilisation among schoolchildren in villages with or without healthcare facilities at different altitudes in Iringa District, Tanzania. Afr Health Sci. 2008;8:114-9.
42. Doctor SM, Liu Y, Anderson OG, Whitesell AN, Mwandagalirwa MK, Muwonga J, et al. Low prevalence of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale mono-infections among children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a population-based, cross-sectional study. Malar J. 2016;15:350.