Functional Three-Dimensional Graphene/Polymer Composites

ACS Nano

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2016, Pages 7231-7247

  Wang, Meng ^a,b   Duan, Xidong ^c   Xu, Yuxi ^a   Duan, Xiangfeng ^d  

^a FUDAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CHINA   (China)

^c HUNAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

composites; energy; environment; graphene; polymer; sensor; three dimensional

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITE MATERIALS; POLYMERS; SENSORS; THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER GRAPHICS;

CONDUCTING COMPOSITES; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENT; GRAPHENE-BASED COMPOSITES; HIERARCHICAL POROSITY; SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION; TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHENE;

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84983638228     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03349     Document Type: Article

References (141)

1. Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Science 2004, 306, 666-669 10.1126/science.1102896
2. Weiss, N. O.; Zhou, H.; Liao, L.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, S.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X. Graphene: An Emerging Electronic Materials Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 5782-5825 10.1002/adma.201201482
3. Novoselov, K. S.; Fal'ko, V. I.; Colombo, L.; Gellert, P. R.; Schwab, M. G.; Kim, K. A Roadmap for Graphene Nature 2012, 490, 192-200 10.1038/nature11458
4. Shao, Y.; El-Kady, M. F.; Wang, L. J.; Zhang, H.; Li, Y.; Wang, H.; Mousavi, M. F.; Kaner, R. B. Graphene-Based Materials for Flexible Supercapacitors Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 3639-3665 10.1039/C4CS00316K
5. Huang, X.; Zeng, Z.; Fan, Z.; Liu, J.; Zhang, H. Graphene-Based Electrodes Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 5979-6004 10.1002/adma.201201587
6. Papandrea, B.; Xu, X.; Xu, Y.; Chen, C.-Y.; Lin, Z.; Wang, G.; Luo, Y.; Liu, M.; Huang, Y.; Mai, L.; Duan, X. Three-Dimensional Graphene Framework with Ultra-High Sulfur Content for a Robust Lithium-Sulfur Battery Nano Res. 2016, 9, 240-248 10.1007/s12274-016-1005-1
7. Bi, H.; Xie, X.; Yin, K.; Zhou, Y.; Wan, S.; He, L.; Xu, F.; Banhart, F.; Sun, L.; Ruoff, R. S. Spongy Graphene As a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Sorbent for Oils and Organic Solvents Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 4421-4425 10.1002/adfm.201200888
8. Xu, Y.; Chen, C.-Y.; Zhao, Z.; Lin, Z.; Lee, C.; Xu, X.; Wang, C.; Huang, Y.; Shakir, M. I.; Duan, X. Solution Processable Holey Graphene Oxide and Its Derived Macrostructures for High-Performance Supercapacitors Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 4605-4610 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01212
9. Hu, H.; Zhao, Z.; Wan, W.; Gogotsi, Y.; Qiu, J. Ultralight and Highly Compressible Graphene Aerogels Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2219-2223 10.1002/adma.201204530
10. Cao, X.; Shi, Y.; Shi, W.; Lu, G.; Huang, X.; Yan, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, H. Preparation of Novel 3D Graphene Networks for Supercapacitor Applications Small 2011, 7, 3163-3168 10.1002/smll.201100990
11. Yavari, F.; Chen, Z.; Thomas, A. V.; Ren, W.; Cheng, H.-M.; Koratkar, N. High Sensitivity Gas Detection Using a Macroscopic Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam Network Sci. Rep. 2011, 1, 166 10.1038/srep00166
12. Fan, D.; Liu, Y.; He, J.; Zhou, Y.; Yang, Y. Porous Graphene-Based Materials by Thermolytic Cracking J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 1396-1402 10.1039/C1JM13947A
13. Zhang, X.; Ziemer, K. S.; Zhang, K.; Ramirez, D.; Li, L.; Wang, S.; Hope-Weeks, L. J.; Weeks, B. L. Large-Area Preparation of High-Quality and Uniform Three-Dimensional Graphene Networks Through Thermal Degradation of Graphene Oxide-Nitrocellulose Composites ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 1057-1064 10.1021/am508909h
14. Liu, W.; Li, H.; Zeng, Q.; Duan, H.; Guo, Y.; Liu, X.; Sun, C.; Liu, H. Fabrication of Ultralight Three-Dimensional Graphene Networks with Strong Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 3739-3747 10.1039/C4TA06091A
15. Xue, M.; Chen, D.; Wang, X.; Chen, J.; Chen, G. F. Carbonized Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Graphene Oxide with Three-Dimensional Multiscale-Pore Architecture As an Advanced Electrode Material J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 7715-7718 10.1039/C4TA06875K
16. Peng, Q.; Li, Y.; He, X.; Gui, X.; Shang, Y.; Wang, C.; Wang, C.; Zhao, W.; Du, S.; Shi, E.; Li, P.; Wu, D.; Cao, A. Graphene Nanoribbon Aerogels Unzipped from Carbon Nanotube Sponges Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 3241-3247 10.1002/adma.201305274
17. Zhang, Y.; Zhen, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Lao, J.; Wei, J.; Wang, K.; Kang, F.; Zhu, H. In-situ Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Composite Sponge and Its Application As Compressible Supercapacitor Electrode Electrochim. Acta 2015, 157, 134-141 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.084
18. Zhang, R.; Cao, Y.; Li, P.; Zang, X.; Sun, P.; Wang, K.; Zhong, M.; Wei, J.; Wu, D.; Kang, F.; Zhu, H. Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene Sponges Assembled with the Combination of Surfactant and Freeze-Drying Nano Res. 2014, 7, 1477-1487 10.1007/s12274-014-0508-x
19. Huang, M.; Pascal, T. A.; Kim, H.; Goddard, W. A.; Greer, J. R. Electronic-Mechanical Coupling in Graphene from in situ Nanoindentation Experiments and Multiscale Atomistic Simulations Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1241-1246 10.1021/nl104227t
20. Wang, L. J.; El-Kady, M. F.; Dubin, S.; Hwang, J. Y.; Shao, Y.; Marsh, K.; McVerry, B.; Kowal, M. D.; Mousavi, M. F.; Kaner, R. B. Flash Converted Graphene for Ultra-High Power Supercapacitors Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1500786 10.1002/aenm.201500786
21. Luo, B.; Zhi, L. Design and Construction of Three Dimensional Graphene-Based Composites for Lithium Ion Battery Applications Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 456-477 10.1039/C4EE02578D
22. Yu, M.; Huang, Y.; Li, C.; Zeng, Y.; Wang, W.; Li, Y.; Fang, P.; Lu, X.; Tong, Y. Building Three-Dimensional Graphene Frameworks for Energy Storage and Catalysis Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 324-330 10.1002/adfm.201402964
23. Chen, K.; Li, C.; Chen, Z.; Shi, L.; Reddy, S.; Meng, H.; Ji, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Z. Bioinspired Synthesis of CVD Graphene Flakes and Graphene-Supported Molybdenum Sulfide Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Nano Res. 2016, 9, 249-259 10.1007/s12274-016-1013-1
24. Gonçalves, G. A. B.; Pires, S. M. G.; Simoes, M. M. Q.; Neves, M. G. P. M. S.; Marques, P. A. A. P. Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide: a Promising Green and Sustainable Catalyst for Oxidation Reactions at Room Temperature Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 7673-7676 10.1039/c4cc02092h
25. Yang, G.; Lee, C.; Kim, J. Three-Dimensional Graphene Network-Based Chemical Sensors on Paper Substrate J. Electrochem. Soc. 2013, 160, B160-B163 10.1149/2.089309jes
26. Nardecchia, S.; Carriazo, D.; Ferrer, M. L.; Gutiérrez, M. C.; del Monte, F. Three Dimensional Macroporous Architectures and Aerogels Built of Carbon Nanotubes and/or Graphene: Synthesis and Applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 794-830 10.1039/C2CS35353A
27. Liu, F.; Piao, Y.; Choi, J. S.; Seo, T. S. Three-Dimensional Graphene Micropillar Based Electrochemical Sensor for Phenol Detection Biosens. Bioelectron. 2013, 50, 387-392 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.055
28. Ni, Y.; Chen, L.; Teng, K.; Shi, J.; Qian, X.; Xu, Z.; Tian, X.; Hu, C.; Ma, M. Superior Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced by 3D Interconnected Graphene Skeleton ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 11583-11591 10.1021/acsami.5b02552
29. Longo, S.; Mauro, M.; Daniel, C.; Musto, P.; Guerra, G. Rayleigh Scattering by Graphene-Oxide in Syndiotactic Polystyrene Aerogels Carbon 2014, 77, 896-905 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.06.003
30. Yang, T.; Zhang, H.; Wang, Y.; Li, X.; Wang, K.; Wei, J.; Wu, D.; Li, Z.; Zhu, H. Interconnected Graphene/Polymer Micro-Tube Piping Composites for Liquid Sensing Nano Res. 2014, 7, 869-876 10.1007/s12274-014-0448-5
31. Yang, J.; Zhang, E.; Li, X.; Zhang, Y.; Qu, J.; Yu, Z.-Z. Cellulose/Graphene Aerogel Supported Phase Change Composites with High Thermal Conductivity and Good Shape Stability for Thermal Energy Storage Carbon 2016, 98, 50-57 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.082
32. Shaeli lessa, K. H.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, G.; Xiao, F.; Wang, S. Conductive Porous Sponge-Like Ionic Liquid-Graphene Assembly Decorated with Nanosized Polyaniline As Active Electrode Material for Supercapacitor J. Power Sources 2016, 302, 92-97 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.10.036
33. Zhu; Teng, K.; Shi, J.; Chen, L.; Xu, Z. A Facile Assembly of 3D Robust Double Network Graphene/Polyacrylamide Architectures via γ-Ray Irradiation Compos. Sci. Technol. 2016, 123, 276-285 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.11.007
34. Xu, Y.; Sheng, K.; Li, C.; Shi, G. Self-Assembled Graphene Hydrogel via a One-Step Hydrothermal Process ACS Nano 2010, 4, 4324-4330 10.1021/nn101187z
35. Xu, Y.; Shi, G.; Duan, X. Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Graphene Macrostructures: Synthesis and Applications in Supercapacitors Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 1666-1675 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00117
36. Li, D.; Müller, M. B.; Gilje, S.; Kaner, R. B.; Wallace, G. G. Processable Aqueous Dispersions of Graphene Nanosheets Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 101-105 10.1038/nnano.2007.451
37. Huang, L.; Li, C.; Yuan, W.; Shi, G. Strong Composite Films with Layered Structures Prepared by Casting Silk Fibroin-Graphene Oxide Hydrogels Nanoscale 2013, 5, 3780-3786 10.1039/c3nr00196b
38. Ye, S.; Feng, J.; Wu, P. Highly Elastic Graphene Oxide-Epoxy Composite Aerogels via Simple Freeze-Drying and Subsequent Routine Curing J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 3495-3502 10.1039/c2ta01142e
39. Wan, W.; Li, L.; Zhao, Z.; Hu, H.; Hao, X.; Winkler, D. A.; Xi, L.; Hughes, T. C.; Qiu, J. Ultrafast Fabrication of Covalently Cross-Linked Multifunctional Graphene Oxide Monoliths Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 4915-4921 10.1002/adfm.201303815
40. Ji, X.; Cui, L.; Xu, Y.; Liu, J. Non-Covalent Interactions for Synthesis of New Graphene Based Composites Compos. Sci. Technol. 2015, 106, 25-31 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.10.018
41. Bai, H.; Li, C.; Wang, X.; Shi, G. A pH-Sensitive Graphene Oxide Composite Hydrogel Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 2376-2378 10.1039/c000051e
42. Vickery, J. L.; Patil, A. J.; Mann, S. Fabrication of Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites With High-Order Three-Dimensional Architectures Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 2180-2184 10.1002/adma.200803606
43. Tao, Y.; Kong, D.; Zhang, C.; Lv, W.; Wang, M.; Li, B.; Huang, Z.-H.; Kang, F.; Yang, Q.-H. Monolithic Carbons with Spheroidal and Hierarchical Pores Produced by the Linkage of Functionalized Graphene Sheets Carbon 2014, 69, 169-177 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.003
44. Bai, H.; Li, C.; Wang, X.; Shi, G. On the Gelation of Graphene Oxide J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 5545-5551 10.1021/jp1120299
45. Li, C.; Shi, G. Functional Gels Based on Chemically Modified Graphenes Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 3992-4012 10.1002/adma.201306104
46. Xu, Y.; Wu, Q.; Sun, Y.; Bai, H.; Shi, G. Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Graphene Oxide and DNA into Multifunctional Hydrogels ACS Nano 2010, 4, 7358-7362 10.1021/nn1027104
47. Chen, Y.; Qi, Y.; Yan, X.; Ma, H.; Chen, J.; Liu, B.; Xue, Q. Green Fabrication of Porous Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite Xerogels for Drug Delivery J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 596-602 10.1002/app.40006
48. Ouyang, W.; Sun, J.; Memon, J.; Wang, C.; Geng, J.; Huang, Y. Scalable Preparation of Three-Dimensional Porous Structures of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Cellulose Composites and Their Application in Supercapacitors Carbon 2013, 62, 501-509 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.06.049
49. Wan, Y.; Chen, X.; Xiong, G.; Guo, R.; Luo, H. Synthesis and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene Oxide/Sodium Alginate Scaffolds with Enhanced Mechanical Properties Mater. Express 2014, 4, 429-434 10.1166/mex.2014.1188
50. Guo, W.; Wang, S.; Yu, X.; Qiu, J.; Li, J.; Tang, W.; Li, Z.; Mou, X.; Liu, H.; Wang, Z. Construction of a 3D rGO-Collagen Hybrid Scaffold for Enhancement of the Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Nanoscale 2016, 8, 1897-1904 10.1039/C5NR06602F
51. Xu, Y.; Lin, Z.; Zhong, X.; Huang, X.; Weiss, N. O.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X. Holey Graphene Frameworks for Highly Efficient Capacitive Energy Storage Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4554-4561 10.1038/ncomms5554
52. Xu, Y.; Lin, Z.; Zhong, X.; Papandrea, B.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X. Solvated Graphene Frameworks As High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 5345-5350 10.1002/anie.201500677
53. Zhao, Y.; Hu, C.; Hu, Y.; Cheng, H.; Shi, G.; Qu, L. A Versatile, Ultralight, Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Framework Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 11371-11375 10.1002/anie.201206554
54. Xu, Y.; Lin, Z.; Huang, X.; Liu, Y.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X. Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors Based on Three-Dimensional Graphene Hydrogel Films ACS Nano 2013, 7, 4042-4049 10.1021/nn4000836
55. Xu, Y.; Lin, Z.; Huang, X.; Wang, Y.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X. Functionalized Graphene Hydrogel-Based High-Performance Supercapacitors Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 5779-5784 10.1002/adma.201301928
56. Qin, Y.; Peng, Q.; Ding, Y.; Lin, Z.; Wang, C.; Li, Y.; Xu, F.; Li, J.; Yuan, Y.; He, X.; Li, Y. Light-weight, Super-elastic, and Mechanically Flexible Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposite Foam for Strain Sensor Application ACS Nano 2015, 9, 8933-8941 10.1021/acsnano.5b02781
57. Hu, N.; Zhang, L.; Yang, C.; Zhao, J.; Yang, Z.; Wei, H.; Liao, H.; Feng, Z.; Fisher, A.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, Z. J. Three-Dimensional Skeleton Networks of Graphene Wrapped Polyaniline Nanofibers: an Excellent Structure for High-Performance Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 19777 10.1038/srep19777
58. Liu, X.; Shang, P.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, X.; Fan, Z.; Wang, B.; Zheng, Y. Three-Dimensional and Stable Polyaniline-Grafted Graphene Hybrid Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 15273-15278 10.1039/C4TA03077J
59. Ye, S.; Feng, J. Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Graphene/Polypyrrole Nanotube Hybrid Aerogel and Its Application for Supercapacitors ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 9671-9679 10.1021/am502077p
60. Yang, F.; Xu, M.; Bao, S.; Wei, H.; Chai, H. Self-Assembled Hierarchical Graphene/Polyaniline Hybrid Aerogels for Electrochemical Capacitive Energy Storage Electrochim. Acta 2014, 137, 381-387 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.017
61. Gu, X.; Yang, Y.; Hu, Y.; Hu, M.; Huang, J.; Wang, C. Facile Fabrication of Graphene-Polypyrrole-Mn Composites As High-Performance Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 5866-5874 10.1039/C4TA06646D
62. Zhou, Q.; Li, Y.; Huang, L.; Li, C.; Shi, G. Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene/Polyaniline Composites for High-Rate Electrochemical Capacitors J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 17489-17494 10.1039/C4TA03639E
63. Shen, W.; Wang, Y.; Yan, J.; Wu, H.; Guo, S. Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Iron(II) Phosphate Modified Cooperatively via Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Electrochim. Acta 2015, 173, 310-315 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.071
64. Sun, R.; Chen, H.; Li, Q.; Song, Q.; Zhang, X. Spontaneous Assembly of Strong and Conductive Graphene/Polypyrrole Hybrid Aerogels for Energy Storage Nanoscale 2014, 6, 12912-12920 10.1039/C4NR03322A
65. Fu, S.; Li, N.; Wang, K.; Zhang, Q.; Fu, Q. Reduction of Graphene Oxide with the Presence of Polypropylene Micro-Latex for Facile Preparation of Polypropylene/Graphene Nanosheet Composites Colloid Polym. Sci. 2015, 293, 1495-1503 10.1007/s00396-015-3526-7
66. Zhao, P.; Luo, Y.; Yang, J.; He, D.; Kong, L.; Zheng, P.; Yang, Q. Electrically Conductive Graphene-Filled Polymer Composites with Well Organized Three-Dimensional Microstructure Mater. Lett. 2014, 121, 74-77 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.01.100
67. Luo, Y.; Zhao, P.; Yang, Q.; He, D.; Kong, L.; Peng, Z. Fabrication of Conductive Elastic Nanocomposites via Framing Intact Interconnected Graphene Networks Compos. Sci. Technol. 2014, 100, 143-151 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.05.037
68. Ye, S.; Feng, J. Towards Three-Dimensional, Multi-Functional Graphene-Based Nanocomposite Aerogels by Hydrophobicity-Driven Absorption J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 10365-10369 10.1039/c4ta01392a
69. Yu, M.; Ma, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, S. Polyaniline Nanocone Arrays Synthesized on Three-Dimensional Graphene Network by Electrodeposition for Supercapacitor Electrodes Carbon 2015, 87, 98-105 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.017
70. Chen, K.; Chen, L.; Chen, Y.; Bai, H.; Li, L. Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene-Based Composite Materials: Electrochemical Synthesis and Application J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 20968-20976 10.1039/c2jm34816k
71. Wang, M.; Yuan, W.; Yu, X.; Shi, G. Picomolar Detection of Mercury (II) Using a Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene/Polypyrrole Composite Electrode Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2014, 406, 6953-6956 10.1007/s00216-014-7871-z
72. Tang, G.; Jiang, Z.-G.; Li, X.; Zhang, H.-B.; Dasari, A.; Yu, Z.-Z. Three Dimensional Graphene Aerogels and Their Electrically Conductive Composites Carbon 2014, 77, 592-599 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.05.063
73. Wu, C.; Huang, H.; Wu, X.; Qian, R.; Jiang, P. Mechanically Flexible and Multifunctional Polymer-Based Graphene Foams for Elastic Conductors and Oil-Water Separators Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 5658-5662 10.1002/adma.201302406
74. Fan, W.; Zhang, C.; Tjiu, W. W.; Pramoda, K. P.; He, C.; Liu, T. Graphene-Wrapped Polyaniline Hollow Spheres As Novel Hybrid Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 3382-3391 10.1021/am4003827
75. Trung, N. B.; Tam, T. V.; Kim, H. R.; Hur, S. H.; Kim, E. J.; Choi, W. M. Three-Dimensional Hollow Balls of Graphene-Polyaniline Hybrids for Supercapacitor Application Chem. Eng. J. 2014, 255, 89-96 10.1016/j.cej.2014.06.028
76. Luo, J.; Ma, Q.; Gu, H.; Zheng, Y.; Liu, X. Three-Dimensional Graphene-Polyaniline Hybrid Hollow Spheres by Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Application in Supercapacitor Electrochim. Acta 2015, 173, 184-192 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.053
77. Woltornist, S. J.; Carrillo, J.-M. Y.; Xu, T. O.; Dobrynin, A. V.; Adamson, D. H. Polymer/Pristine Graphene Based Composites: From Emulsions to Strong, Electrically Conducting Foams Macromolecules 2015, 48, 687-693 10.1021/ma5024236
78. Woltornist, S. J.; Oyer, A. J.; Carrillo, J.-M. Y.; Dobrynin, A. V.; Adamson, D. H. Conductive Thin Films of Pristine Graphene by Solvent Interface Trapping ACS Nano 2013, 7, 7062-7066 10.1021/nn402371c
79. Coleman, J. N. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Nanotubes and Graphene Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 3680-3695 10.1002/adfm.200901640
80. Li, H.; Liu, L.; Yang, F. Covalent Assembly of 3D Graphene/Polypyrrole Foams for Oil Spill Cleanup J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 3446-3453 10.1039/c3ta00166k
81. Li, R.; Chen, C.; Li, J.; Xu, L.; Xiao, G.; Yan, D. A Facile Approach to Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Graphene/Polymer Aerogels J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 3057-3064 10.1039/c3ta14262k
82. Hu, H.; Zhao, Z.; Wan, W.; Gogotsi, Y.; Qiu, J. Polymer/Graphene Hybrid Aerogel with High Compressibility, Conductivity, and "Sticky" Superhydrophobicity ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 3242-3249 10.1021/am4050647
83. Hong, J.-Y.; Bak, B. M.; Wie, J. J.; Kong, J.; Park, H. S. Reversibly Compressible, Highly Elastic, and Durable Graphene Aerogels for Energy Storage Devices under Limiting Conditions Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 1053-1062 10.1002/adfm.201403273
84. Sun, H.; Xu, Z.; Gao, C. Multifunctional, Ultra-Flyweight, Synergistically Assembled Carbon Aerogels Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2554-2560 10.1002/adma.201204576
85. Ha, H.; Shanmuganathan, K.; Ellison, C. J. Mechanically Stable Thermally Crosslinked Poly(acrylic acid)/Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogels ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 6220-6229 10.1021/acsami.5b00407
86. Sun, S.; Wu, P. A One-Step Strategy for Thermal- and pH-Responsive Graphene Oxide Interpenetrating Polymer Hydrogel Networks J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 4095-4097 10.1039/c1jm10276a
87. Zhu, C.-H.; Lu, Y.; Peng, J.; Chen, J.-F.; Yu, S.-H. Photothermally Sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels As Remote Light-Controlled Liquid Microvalves Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 4017-4022 10.1002/adfm.201201020
88. Zhu, H.; Chen, D.; Li, N.; Xu, Q.; Li, H.; He, J.; Lu, J. Graphene Foam with Switchable Oil Wettability for Oil and Organic Solvents Recovery Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 597-605 10.1002/adfm.201403864
89. Liang, J.; Cai, Z.; Li, L.; Guo, L.; Geng, J. Scalable and Facile Preparation of Graphene Aerogel for Air Purification RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 4843-4847 10.1039/c3ra45147j
90. Sui, Z.-Y.; Cui, Y.; Zhu, J.-H.; Han, B.-H. Preparation of Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide-Polyethylenimine Porous Materials As Dye and Gas Adsorbents ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 9172-9179 10.1021/am402661t
91. Yang, X.; Li, Y.; Du, Q.; Sun, J.; Chen, L.; Hu, S.; Wang, Z.; Xia, Y.; Xia, L. Highly Effective Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Aqueous Solutions by Anionic Polyacrylamide/Graphene Oxide Aerogels J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2015, 453, 107-114 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.042
92. Javadi, A.; Zheng, Q.; Payen, F.; Javadi, A.; Altin, Y.; Cai, Z.; Sabo, R.; Gong, S. Polyvinyl Alcohol-Cellulose Nanofibrils-Graphene Oxide Hybrid Organic Aerogels ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 5969-5975 10.1021/am400171y
93. Cheng, C.; Deng, J.; Lei, B.; He, A.; Zhang, X.; Ma, L.; Li, S.; Zhao, C. Toward 3D Graphene Oxide Gels Based Adsorbents for High-Efficient Water Treatment via the Promotion of Biopolymers J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 263, 467-478 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.065
94. Cheng, J.-S.; Du, J.; Zhu, W. Facile Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Chitosan-Graphene Mesostructures for Reactive Black 5 Removal Carbohydr. Polym. 2012, 88, 61-67 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.065
95. Wang, J.; Zhao, G.; Jing, L.; Peng, X.; Li, Y. Facile Self-Assembly of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide-Chitosan Composite for Lipase Immobilization Biochem. Eng. J. 2015, 98, 75-83 10.1016/j.bej.2014.11.013
96. Zhang, Y.; Liu, J.-W.; Chen, X.-W.; Wang, J.-H. A Three-Dimensional Amylopectin-Reduced Graphene Oxide Framework for Efficient Adsorption and Removal of Hemoglobin J. Mater. Chem. B 2015, 3, 983-989 10.1039/C4TB01792G
97. Liu, W.; Li, H.; Zeng, Q.; Duan, H.; Guo, Y.; Liu, X.; Sun, C.; Liu, H. Fabrication of Ultralight Three-Dimensional Graphene Networks with Strong Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 3739-3747 10.1039/C4TA06091A
98. Wang, C.; Han, X.; Xu, P.; Zhang, X.; Du, Y.; Hu, S.; Wang, J.; Wang, X. The Electromagnetic Property of Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application As Microwave Absorping Material Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98, 072906 10.1063/1.3555436
99. 3 Nanosheet Arrays on Graphene for Electromagnetic Absorption Applications RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 21510-21516 10.1039/c4ra01082e
100. Yu, H.; Wang, T.; Wen, B.; Lu, M.; Xu, Z.; Zhu, C.; Chen, Y.; Xue, X.; Sun, C.; Cao, M. Graphene/Polyaniline Nanorod Arrays: Synthesis and Excellent Electromagnetic Absorption Properties J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 21679-21685 10.1039/c2jm34273a
101. Wu, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, M. Using Organic Solvent Absorption As a Self-Assembly Method to Synthesize Three-Dimensional (3D) Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO)/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Architecture and Its Electromagnetic Absorption Properties RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 49780-49782 10.1039/C4RA08717H
102. Simon, P.; Gogotsi, Y. Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 845-854 10.1038/nmat2297
103. Mao, S.; Lu, G.; Chen, J. Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Composites for Energy Applications Nanoscale 2015, 7, 6924-6943 10.1039/C4NR06609J
104. Zhai, T.; Lu, X.; Wang, H.; Wang, G.; Mathis, T.; Liu, T.; Li, C.; Tong, Y.; Li, Y. An Electrochemical Capacitor with Applicable Energy Density of 7.4 Wh/kg at Average Power Density of 3000 W/kg Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 3189-3194 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00321
105. Ye, S.; Feng, J.; Wu, P. Deposition of Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel on Nickel Foam As a Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrode ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 7122-7129 10.1021/am401458x
106. Song, Y.; Liu, T.-Y.; Xu, X.-X.; Feng, D.-Y.; Li, Y.; Liu, X.-X. Pushing the Cycling Stability Limit of Polypyrrole for Supercapacitors Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 4626-4632 10.1002/adfm.201501709
107. Tai, Z.; Yan, X.; Xue, Q. Three-Dimensional Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Hydrogel As Supercapacitor Electrode J. Electrochem. Soc. 2012, 159, A1702-A1709 10.1149/2.058210jes
108. Chen, C.; Fu, X.; Ma, T.; Fan, W.; Wang, Z.; Miao, S. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Graphene Oxide/Nanosulfur/Polypyrrole Ternary Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Supercapacitors J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 9621-9625 10.1002/app.40814
109. Liu, H.; Wang, Y.; Gou, X.; Qi, T.; Yang, J.; Ding, Y. Three-Dimensional Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Material for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications Mater. Sci. Eng., B 2013, 178, 293-298 10.1016/j.mseb.2012.12.002
110. Wang, J.; Xian, H.; Peng, T.; Sun, H.; Zheng, F. Three-Dimensional Graphene-Wrapped PANI Nanofiber Composite As Electrode Material for Supercapacitors RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 13607-13612 10.1039/C4RA14063J
111. Bora, C.; Dolui, S. K. Fabrication of Polypyrrole/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites by Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Polymerization and Evaluation of Their Optical, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties Polymer 2012, 53, 923-932 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.054
112. Kulkarni, S. B.; Patil, U. M.; Shackery, I.; Sohn, J. S.; Lee, S.; Park, B.; Jun, S. High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Based on a Polyaniline Nanofibers/3D Graphene Framework As an Efficient Charge Transporter J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 4989-4998 10.1039/c3ta14959e
113. Lai, X.; Halpert, J. E.; Wang, D. Recent Advances in Micro-/Nano-Structured Hollow Spheres for Energy Applications: From Simple to Complex Systems Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 5604-5618 10.1039/C1EE02426D
114. 2 Hollow Sphere Hybrid Nanostructures As High-Performance Electrochemical Capacitors J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 25207-25216 10.1039/c2jm35054h
115. Dong, X.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Chan-Park, M. B.; Li, X.; Wang, L.; Huang, W.; Chen, P. Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Three-Dimensional Graphene-Polyaniline Hybrid Mater. Chem. Phys. 2012, 134, 576-580 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.03.066
116. Zhang, J.; Wang, J.; Yang, J.; Wang, Y.; Chan-Park, M. B. Three-Dimensional Macroporous Graphene Foam Filled with Mesoporous Polyaniline Network for High Areal Capacitance ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2014, 2, 2291-2296 10.1021/sc500247h
117. Pu, J.; Wang, X.; Zhang, T.; Li, S.; Liu, J.; Komvopoulos, K. High-Energy-Density, All-Solid-State Microsupercapacitors with Three-Dimensional Interdigital Electrodes of Carbon/Polymer Electrolyte Composite Nanotechnology 2016, 27, 045701 10.1088/0957-4484/27/4/045701
118. Yu, P.; Zhao, X.; Huang, Z.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Q. Free-Standing Three-Dimensional Graphene and Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays Hybrid Foams for High-Performance Flexible and Lightweight Supercapacitors J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 14413-14420 10.1039/C4TA02721C
119. Chi, K.; Zhang, Z.; Xi, J.; Huang, Y.; Xiao, F.; Wang, S.; Liu, Y. Freestanding Graphene Paper Supported Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene-Polyaniline Nanocomposite Synthesized by Inkjet Printing and in Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitor ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 16312-16319 10.1021/am504539k
120. Oren, Y. Capacitive Delonization (CDI) for Desalination and Water Treatment-Past, Present and Future (a Review) Desalination 2008, 228, 10-29 10.1016/j.desal.2007.08.005
121. Yong, Y.-C.; Dong, X.-C.; Chan-Park, M. B.; Song, H.; Chen, P. Macroporous and Monolithic Anode Based on Polyaniline Hybridized Three-Dimensional Graphene for High-Performance Microbial Fuel Cells ACS Nano 2012, 6, 2394-2400 10.1021/nn204656d
122. Li, S.; Shu, K.; Zhao, C.; Wang, C.; Guo, Z.; Wallace, G.; Liu, H. K. One-Step Synthesis of Graphene/Polypyrrole Nanofiber Composites As Cathode Material for a Biocompatible Zinc/Polymer Battery ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 16679-16686 10.1021/am503572w
123. Zhang, J.; Li, R.; Li, Z.; Liu, J.; Gu, Z.; Wang, G. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Graphene Aerogel/Gold Nanoparticles and Its Application for Electrochemical Detection of Hydroquinone and O-Dihydroxybenzene Nanoscale 2014, 6, 5458-5466 10.1039/c4nr00005f
124. Zhang, Z.; Fu, X.; Li, K.; Liu, R.; Peng, D.; He, L.; Wang, M.; Zhang, H.; Zhou, L. One-Step Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensor Based on DNA-Modified Three-Dimensional Reduced Graphene Oxide and Chitosan Nanocomposite for Highly Sensitive Detection of Hg(II) Sens. Actuators, B 2016, 225, 453-462 10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.091
125. Zhao, Z.-Q.; Chen, X.; Yang, Q.; Liu, J.-H.; Huang, X.-J. Selective Adsorption Toward Toxic Metal Ions Results in Selective Response: Electrochemical Studies on a Polypyrrole/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2180-2182 10.1039/C1CC16735A
126. Yang, Y.; Kang, M.; Fang, S.; Wang, M.; He, L.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Z. Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Three-Dimensional Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Nanocomposite for Selective Detection of Mercury Ions Sens. Actuators, B 2015, 214, 63-69 10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.127
127. Yang, T.; Guan, Q.; Li, Q.; Meng, L.; Wang, L.; Liu, C.; Jiao, K. Large-Area, Three-Dimensional Interconnected Graphene Oxide Intercalated with Self-Doped Polyaniline Nanofibers As a Free-Standing Electrocatalytic Platform for Adenine and Guanine J. Mater. Chem. B 2013, 1, 2926-2933 10.1039/c3tb20171f
128. Liu, J.; Wang, X.; Wang, T.; Li, D.; Xi, F.; Wang, J.; Wang, E. Functionalization of Monolithic and Porous Three-Dimensional Graphene by One-Step Chitosan Electrodeposition for Enzymatic Biosensor ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 19997-20002 10.1021/am505547f
129. Liu, J.; He, Z.; Xue, J.; Tan, T. T. Y. A Metal-Catalyst Free, Flexible and Free-Standing Chitosan/Vacuum-Stripped Graphene/Polypyrrole Three Dimensional Electrode Interface for High Performance Dopamine Sensing J. Mater. Chem. B 2014, 2, 2478-2482 10.1039/c3tb21355b
130. 2 Core-Shell Imprinted Composite Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012, 38, 270-277 10.1016/j.bios.2012.05.045
131. Hu, H.; Zhao, Z.; Zhang, R.; Bin, Y.; Qiu, J. Polymer Casting of Ultralight Graphene Aerogels for The Production of Conductive Nanocomposites with Low Filling Content J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 3756-3760 10.1039/c3ta14840h
132. Zheng, Q.; Li, Z.; Yang, J.; Kim, J.-K. Graphene Oxide-Based Transparent Conductive Films Prog. Mater. Sci. 2014, 64, 200-247 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.03.004
133. Fan, Z.; Gong, F.; Nguyen, S. T.; Duong, H. M. Advanced Multifunctional Graphene Aerogel-Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Composites: Experiments and Modeling Carbon 2015, 81, 396-404 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.09.072
134. Wang, Z.; Shen, X.; Garakani, M. A.; Lin, X.; Wu, Y.; Liu, X.; Sun, X.; Kim, J.-K. Graphene Aerogel/Epoxy Composites with Exceptional Anisotropic Structure and Properties ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 5538-5549 10.1021/acsami.5b00146
135. Chen, M.; Zhang, L.; Duan, S.; Jing, S.; Jiang, H.; Li, C. Highly Stretchable Conductors Integrated with a Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Network and 3D Porous Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 7548-7556 10.1002/adfm.201401886
136. Zhu, C.; Guo, S.; Fang, Y.; Dong, S. Reducing Sugar: New Functional Molecules for the Green Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets ACS Nano 2010, 4, 2429-2437 10.1021/nn1002387
137. Chen, Z.; Ren, W.; Gao, L.; Liu, B.; Pei, S.; Cheng, H.-M. Three-Dimensional Flexible and Conductive Interconnected Graphene Networks Grown by Chemical Vapour Deposition Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 424-428 10.1038/nmat3001
138. Chen, M.; Duan, S.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Z.; Li, C. Three-Dimensional Porous Stretchable and Conductive Polymer Composites Based on Graphene Networks Grown by Chemical Vapour Deposition and PEDOT:PSS Coating Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 3169-3172 10.1039/C4CC09367D
139. Zhang, L.; Chen, G.; Hedhili, M. N.; Zhang, H.; Wang, P. Three-Dimensional Assemblies of Graphene Prepared by a Novel Chemical Reduction-Induced Self-Assembly Method Nanoscale 2012, 4, 7038-7045 10.1039/c2nr32157b
140. Xu, R.; Lu, Y.; Jiang, C.; Chen, J.; Mao, P.; Gao, G.; Zhang, L.; Wu, S. Facile Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Composites and Their Potential Application As Strain Sensor ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 13455-13460 10.1021/am502208g
141. Kashani, H.; Chen, L.; Ito, Y.; Han, J.; Hirata, A.; Chen, M. Bicontinuous Nanotubular Graphene-Polypyrrole Hybrid for High Performance Flexible Supercapacitors Nano Energy 2016, 19, 391-400 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.11.029