Recommendations for processing atmospheric attenuated backscatter profiles from Vaisala CL31 ceilometers

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

Volumn 9, Issue 8, 2016, Pages 3769-3791

  Kotthaus, Simone ^a   O'Connor, Ewan ^a,b   Münkel, Christoph ^c   Charlton Perez, Cristina ^a   Haeffelin, Martial ^d   Gabey, Andrew M ^a   Grimmond, C Sue B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^b FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^c Vaisala GmbH   (Germany)

^d ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; BACKSCATTER; BOUNDARY LAYER; CLOUD COVER; DATA PROCESSING; LIDAR; MODEL VALIDATION; NOISE; REMOTE SENSING; SENSOR; SOFTWARE;

EID: 84983450261     PISSN: 18671381     EISSN: 18678548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-3769-2016     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Bromwich, D. H., Nicolas, J. P., Hines, K. M., Kay, J. E., Key, E. L., Lazzara, M. A., Lubin, D., McFarquhar, G. M., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Grosvenor, D. P., Lachlan-Cope, T., and van Lipzig, N. P. M.: Tropospheric clouds in Antarctica, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG1004, doi: 10.1029/2011RG000363, 2012.
2. Campbell, J. R., Hlavka, D. L., Welton, E. J., Flynn, C. J., Turner, D. D., Spinhirne, J. D., Scott, V. S., and Hwang, I. H.: Full-Time, Eye-Safe Cloud and Aerosol Lidar Observation at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Sites: Instruments and Data Processing, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 19, 431-442, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)0192.0.CO;2, 2002.
3. Cao, N., Zhu, C., Kai, Y., and Yan, P.: A method of background noise reduction in lidar data, Appl. Phys. B, 113, 115-123, doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5447-9, 2013.
4. de Haij, M., Wauben, W., and Klein Baltink, H.: Determination of mixing layer height from ceilometer backscatter profiles, edited by: Slusser, J. R., Schäfer, K., and Comerón, A., Remote Sens., 63620R-63620R-12, doi: 10.1117/12.691050, 2006.
5. Emeis, S.: Surface-Based Remote Sensing of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Springer Science & Business Media, doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-9340-0, ISBN-13: 978-90-481-9339-4, 174 pp., 2010.
6. Emeis, S., Schäfer, K., and Münkel, C.: Surface-based remote sensing of the mixing-layer height - A review, Meteorol. Zeitschrift, 17, 621-630, doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0312, 2008.
7. Emeis, S., Schäfer, K., and Münkel, C.: Observation of the structure of the urban boundary layer with different ceilometers and validation by RASS data, Meteorol. Z., 18, 149-154, doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0365, 2009.
8. Emeis, S., Schäfer, K., Münkel, C., Friedl, R., and Suppan, P.: Evaluation of the Interpretation of Ceilometer Data with RASS and Radiosonde Data, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 143, 25-35, doi: 10.1007/s10546-011-9604-6, 2011a.
9. Emeis, S., Forkel, R., Junkermann, W., Schäfer, K., Flentje, H., Gilge, S., Fricke, W., Wiegner, M., Freudenthaler, V., Groß, S., Ries, L., Meinhardt, F., Birmili, W., Münkel, C., Obleitner, F., and Suppan, P.: Measurement and simulation of the 16/17 April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash layer dispersion in the northern Alpine region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2689-2701, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-2689-2011, 2011b.
10. Eresmaa, N., Härkönen, J., Joffre, S. M., Schultz, D. M., Karppinen, A., and Kukkonen, J.: A Three-Step Method for Estimating the Mixing Height Using Ceilometer Data from the Helsinki Testbed, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 51, 2172-2187, doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-058.1, 2012.
11. Gregorio, E., Rocadenbosch, F., and Comeron, A.: Design methodology of a ceilometer lidar prototype, in 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 3162-3165, IEEE, doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423516, 23-28 July 2007.
12. Grimmond, S: London Urban Micrometeorological Observatory, LUMO, available at: Http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/micromet/LUMA/request.html, 2016.
13. Haeffelin, M., Barthès, L., Bock, O., Boitel, C., Bony, S., Bouniol, D., Chepfer, H., Chiriaco, M., Cuesta, J., Delanoë, J., Drobinski, P., Dufresne, J.-L., Flamant, C., Grall, M., Hodzic, A., Hourdin, F., Lapouge, F., Lemaître, Y., Mathieu, A., Morille, Y., Naud, C., Noël, V., O'Hirok, W., Pelon, J., Pietras, C., Protat, A., Romand, B., Scialom, G., and Vautard, R.: SIRTA, a ground-based atmospheric observatory for cloud and aerosol research, Ann. Geophys., 23, 253-275, doi: 10.5194/angeo-23-253-2005, 2005.
14. Haeffelin, M., Bergot, T., Elias, T., Tardif, R., Carrer, D., Chazette, P., Colomb, M., Drobinski, P., Dupont, E., Dupont, J.-C., Gomes, L., Musson-Genon, L., Pietras, C., Plana-Fattori, A., Protat, A., Rangognio, J., Raut, J.-C., Rémy, S., Richard, D., Sciare, J., and Zhang, X.: PARISFOG: Shedding New Light on Fog Physical Processes, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91, 767-783, doi: 10.1175/2009BAMS2671.1, 2010.
15. Haeffelin, M., Angelini, F., Morille, Y., Martucci, G., Frey, S., Gobbi, G. P., Lolli, S., O'Dowd, C. D., Sauvage, L., Xueref- Rémy, I., Wastine, B., and Feist, D. G.: Evaluation of Mixing Height Retrievals from Automatic Profiling Lidars and Ceilometers in View of Future Integrated Networks in Europe, Bound.- Lay. Meteorol., 143, 49-75, doi: 10.1007/s10546-011-9643-z, 2012.
16. Heese, B., Flentje, H., Althausen, D., Ansmann, A., and Frey, S.: Ceilometer lidar comparison: Backscatter coefficient retrieval and signal-to-noise ratio determination, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1763-1770, doi: 10.5194/amt-3-1763-2010, 2010.
17. Hervo, M., Poltera, Y., and Haefele, A.: An empirical method to correct for temperature-dependent variations in the overlap function of CHM15k ceilometers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2947-2959, doi: 10.5194/amt-9-2947-2016, 2016.
18. Hopkin, E., Illingworth, A., Westbrook, C., Charlton-Perez, C., and Ballard, S.: Calibration of the Met Office Network using the Cloud Method, ISARS, Varna, Bulgaria, 6-9 June 2016.
19. Illingworth, A. J., Hogan, R. J., O'Connor, E. J., Bouniol, D., Delanoë, J., Pelon, J., Protat, A., Brooks, M. E., Gaussiat, N., Wilson, D. R., Donovan, D. P., Baltink, H. K., van Zadelhoff, G.- J., Eastment, J. D., Goddard, J. W. F., Wrench, C. L., Haeffelin, M., Krasnov, O. A., Russchenberg, H. W. J., Piriou, J.-M., Vinit, F., Seifert, A., Tompkins, A. M., and Willén, U.: Cloudnet, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 883-898, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-88-6-883, 2007.
20. Illingworth, A. J., Cimini, D., Gaffard, C., Haeffelin, M., Lehmann, V., Löhnert, U., O'Connor, E. J., and Ruffieux, D.: Exploiting existing ground-based remote sensing networks to improve high resolution weather forecasts, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2107- 2125, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00283.1, 2015.
21. Knippertz, P. and Stuut, J.-B. W.: Mineral Dust: A Key Player in the Earth System, edited by: Knippertz, P. and Stuut, J.-B. W., Springer, the Netherlands, doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8978-3, ISBN-13: 978-94-017-8978-3, 509 pp., 2014.
22. Madonna, F., Amato, F., Vande Hey, J., and Pappalardo, G.: Ceilometer aerosol profiling versus Raman lidar in the frame of the INTERACT campaign of ACTRIS, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2207-2223, doi: 10.5194/amt-8-2207-2015, 2015.
23. Manninen, A. J., O'Connor, E. J., Vakkari, V., and Petäjä, T.: A generalised background correction algorithm for a Halo Doppler lidar and its application to data from Finland, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 817-827, doi: 10.5194/amt-9-817-2016, 2016.
24. Markowicz, K. M., Flatau, P. J., Kardas, A. E., Remiszewska, J., Stelmaszczyk, K., and Woeste, L.: Ceilometer Retrieval of the Boundary Layer Vertical Aerosol Extinction Structure, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 25, 928-944, doi: 10.1175/2007JTECHA1016.1, 2008.
25. Martucci, G., Milroy, C., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Detection of Cloud-Base Height Using Jenoptik CHM15K and Vaisala CL31 Ceilometers, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 27, 305-318, doi: 10.1175/2009JTECHA1326.1, 2010.
26. Mattis, I. and Wagner, F.: Glossary of lidar and ceilometer variables, available at: Http://www.eumetnet.eu/sites/default/files/ALC-glossary.pdf (last access: 7 August 2016), 2014.
27. Marzano, F. S., Mereu, L., Montopoli, M., Cimini, D., and Martucci, G.: Volcanic Ash Cloud Observation using Ground-based Ka-band Radar and Near-Infrared Lidar Ceilometer during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption, AG, 57, 1-7, doi: 10.4401/ag-6634, 2014.
28. McKendry, I. G., van der Kamp, D., Strawbridge, K. B., Christen, A., and Crawford, B.: Simultaneous observations of boundary-layer aerosol layers with CL31 ceilometer and 1064/532 nm lidar, Atmos. Environ., 43, 5847-5852, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.063, 2009.
29. Met Office: Met Office LIDARNET Benson Vaisala CL31 ceilometer cloud base and backscatter data, Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, 10 August 2016, availabe at: Http://catalogue. ceda.ac.uk/uuid/cc1a21f1973743949bd9c8cb4fe2d97f, 2015.
30. Mielonen, T., Aaltonen, V., Lihavainen, H., Hyvärinen, A.-P., Arola, A., Komppula, M., and Kivi, R.: Biomass Burning Aerosols Observed in Northern Finland during the 2010 Wildfires in Russia, Atmosphere (Basel), 4, 17-34, doi: 10.3390/atmos4010017, 2013.
31. Münkel, C., Eresmaa, N., Räsänen, J., and Karppinen, A.: Retrieval of mixing height and dust concentration with lidar ceilometer, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 124, 117-128, doi: 10.1007/s10546-006- 9103-3, 2007.
32. Münkel, C., Emeis, S., Schäfer, K., and Brümmer, B.: Improved near-range performance of a low-cost one lens lidar scanning the boundary layer, Proc. SPIE, 7475, 1-10, doi: 10.1117/12.830397, 2009.
33. Nemuc, A., Stachlewska, I. S., Valilescu, J., Górska, A., Nicolae, D., and Talianu, C.: Optical Properties of Long-Range Transported Volcanic Ash over Romania and Poland During Eyjafjallajökull Eruption in 2010, Acta Geophys., 62, 350-366 doi: 10.2478/s11600-013-0180-7, 2014.
34. O'Connor, E. J., Illingworth, A. J., and Hogan, R. J.: A Technique for Autocalibration of Cloud Lidar, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 21, 777-786, doi: 10.1175/1520- 0426(2004)0212.0.CO;2, 2004.
35. O'Connor, E. J., Hogan, R. J., and Illingworth, A. J.: Retrieving Stratocumulus Drizzle Parameters Using Doppler Radar and Lidar, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 14-27, doi: 10.1175/JAM-2181.1, 2005.
36. Rogers, R. R., Lamoureux, M.-F., Bissonnette, L. R., and Peters, R. M.: Quantitative Interpretation of Laser Ceilometer Intensity Profiles, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 14, 396-411, doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)0142.0.CO;2, 1997.
37. Selvaratnam, V., Ordnez, C., and Adam, M.: Comparison of planetary boundary layer heights from Jenoptik ceilometers and the Unified Model, Forecast. Res. Tech. Rep. No. 605, 24, 2015.
38. SIRTA: Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique, available at: Http://www.sirta.fr, 2016.
39. Sokól, P., Stachlewska, I., Ungureanu, I., and Stefan, S.: Evaluation of the boundary layer morning transition using the CL-31 ceilometer signals, Acta Geophys., 62, 367-380, doi: 10.2478/s11600-013-0158-5, 2014.
40. Stachlewska, I. S., Pia?dlowski,M.,Migacz, S., Szkop, A., Zielinska, A. J., and Swaczyna, P. L.: Ceilometer observations of the boundary layer over Warsaw, Poland, Acta Geophys., 60, 1386-1412, doi: 10.2478/s11600-012-0054-4, 2012.
41. Sundström, A.-M., Nousiainen, T., and Petäjä, T.: On the Quantitative Low-Level Aerosol Measurements Using Ceilometer- Type Lidar, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 26, 2340-2352, doi: 10.1175/2009JTECHA1252.1, 2009.
42. Tang, G., Zhang, J., Zhu, X., Song, T., Münkel, C., Hu, B., Schäfer, K., Liu, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Xin, J., Suppan, P., and Wang, Y.: Mixing layer height and its implications for air pol- lution over Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2459-2475, doi: 10.5194/acp-16-2459-2016, 2016.
43. Tsaknakis, G., Papayannis, A., Kokkalis, P., Amiridis, V., Kambezidis, H. D., Mamouri, R. E., Georgoussis, G., and Avdikos, G.: Inter-comparison of lidar and ceilometer retrievals for aerosol and Planetary Boundary Layer profiling over Athens, Greece, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1261-1273, doi: 10.5194/amt-4-1261-2011, 2011.
44. Vande Hey, J. D.: A Novel Lidar Ceilometer: Design, Implementation and Characterisation, Springer, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319- 12613-5, ISBN-13: 978-3-319-12613-5, 158 pp., 2014.
45. van der Kamp, D.: Ceilometer observations of Vancouver's urban boundary layer: Validation and mixed-layer height estimation, Master's thesis, University of British Columbia, available at: Https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0066572, doi: 10.14288/1.0066572, 120 pp., 2008.
46. van der Kamp, D. and McKendry, I.: Diurnal and Seasonal Trends in Convective Mixed-Layer Heights Estimated from Two Years of Continuous Ceilometer Observations in Vancouver, BC, Bound.- Lay. Meteorol., 137, 459-475, doi: 10.1007/s10546-010-9535-7, 2010.
47. Weitkamp, C.: Lidar: Range-Resolved Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Springer, New York, doi: 10.1007/b106786, ISBN-13: 978-0-387-25101-1, 456 pp., 2005.
48. Welch, B. L.: The generalization of "Student's" problem when several different population variances are involved, Biometrika, 34, 28-35, doi: 10.1093/biomet/34.1-2.28, 1947.
49. Wiegner, M. and Gasteiger, J.: Correction of water vapor absorption for aerosol remote sensing with ceilometers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3971-3984, doi: 10.5194/amt-8-3971-2015, 2015.
50. Wiegner, M., Gasteiger, J., Groß, S., Schnell, F., Freudenthaler, V., and Forkel, R.: Characterization of the Eyjafjallajökull ashplume: Potential of lidar remote sensing. Phys. Chem. Earth, 45- 46, 79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2011.01.006, 2012.
51. Wiegner, M., Madonna, F., Binietoglou, I., Forkel, R., Gasteiger, J., Geiß, A., Pappalardo, G., Schäfer, K., and Thomas, W.: What is the benefit of ceilometers for aerosol remote sensing? An answer from EARLINET, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1979-1997, doi: 10.5194/amt-7-1979-2014, 2014.
52. Xie, C. and Zhou, J.: Method and analysis of calculating signal-tonoise ratio in lidar sensing, Spie, Proc. SPIE 5832, Opt. Technol. Atmos. Ocean. Environ. Stud., 738, doi: 10.1117/12.619881, 2005.