메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 88, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 883-898

Cloudnet: Continuous evaluation of cloud profiles in seven operational models using ground-based observations

(24)  Illingworth, Anthony J a   Hogan, R J a   O'Connor, E J a   Bouniol, D b   Brooks, M E c   Delanoe J b   Donovan, D P d   Eastment, J D e   Gaussiat, N c   Goddard, J W F e   Haeffelin, M f   Klein Baltinik, H d   Krasnov, O A g   Pelon, J b   Piriou, J M h   Protat, A b   Russchenberg, H W J g   Seifert, A i   Tompkins, A M j   van Zadelhoff, G J d   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RADIOMETERS;

EID: 34548040817     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-6-883     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (469)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0025247288 scopus 로고
    • Surface-based remote-sensing of the observed and the adiabatic liquid water-content of stratocumulus clouds
    • Albrecht, B. A., C. W. Fairall, D. W. Thomson, A. B. White, J. B. Snider, and W. H. Schubert, 1990: Surface-based remote-sensing of the observed and the adiabatic liquid water-content of stratocumulus clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 89-92.
    • (1990) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.17 , pp. 89-92
    • Albrecht, B.A.1    Fairall, C.W.2    Thomson, D.W.3    White, A.B.4    Snider, J.B.5    Schubert, W.H.6
  • 3
    • 14644412080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deriving turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate within clouds using ground based 94 GHz radar
    • Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Bouniol, D., A. J. Illingworth, and R. J. Hogan, 2003: Deriving turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate within clouds using ground based 94 GHz radar. Proc. of the 31st Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 192-196.
    • (2003) Proc. of the 31st Conf. on Radar Meteorology , pp. 192-196
    • Bouniol, D.1    Illingworth, A.J.2    Hogan, R.J.3
  • 4
    • 27344438306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterizing the difference in cloud fraction defined by area and by volume as observed with radar and lidar
    • Brooks, M. E., R. J. Hogan, and A. J. Illingworth, 2005: Parameterizing the difference in cloud fraction defined by area and by volume as observed with radar and lidar. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2248-2260.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 2248-2260
    • Brooks, M.E.1    Hogan, R.J.2    Illingworth, A.J.3
  • 5
    • 15944389856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved retrievals of cirrus cloud optical properties using a combination of lidar methods
    • Cadet, B., V. Giraud, M. Haeffelin, P. Keckhut, A. Rechou, and S. Baldy, 2005: Improved retrievals of cirrus cloud optical properties using a combination of lidar methods. Appl. Opt., 44, 1726-1734.
    • (2005) Appl. Opt , vol.44 , pp. 1726-1734
    • Cadet, B.1    Giraud, V.2    Haeffelin, M.3    Keckhut, P.4    Rechou, A.5    Baldy, S.6
  • 6
    • 3042770713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BALTEX Bridge Campaign: An integrated approach for a better understanding of clouds
    • Crewell, S., and Coauthors, 2004: The BALTEX Bridge Campaign: An integrated approach for a better understanding of clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 1565-1584.
    • (2004) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.85 , pp. 1565-1584
    • Crewell, S.1
  • 8
    • 35348920170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doms, G., J. Förstner, E. Heise, H.-J. Herzog, M. Raschendorfer, R. Schrodin, T. Reinhardt, and G. Vogel, cited 2004: A description of the nonhydrostatic regional model LM. Part II: Physical parameterization. [Available online at www.cosmo-model.org/public/documentation.htm.].
    • Doms, G., J. Förstner, E. Heise, H.-J. Herzog, M. Raschendorfer, R. Schrodin, T. Reinhardt, and G. Vogel, cited 2004: A description of the nonhydrostatic regional model LM. Part II: Physical parameterization. [Available online at www.cosmo-model.org/public/documentation.htm.].
  • 9
    • 1342310648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice-cloud effective particle size parameterization based on combined lidar, radar reflectivity, and mean Doppler velocity measurements
    • doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003469
    • Donovan, D. P., 2003: Ice-cloud effective particle size parameterization based on combined lidar, radar reflectivity, and mean Doppler velocity measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4573, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003469.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , pp. 4573
    • Donovan, D.P.1
  • 10
    • 0035655736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud effective particle size and water content profile retrievals using combined lidar and radar observations - 2. Comparison with IR radiometer and in situ measurements of ice clouds
    • Donovan, D. P., and Coauthors, 2001: Cloud effective particle size and water content profile retrievals using combined lidar and radar observations - 2. Comparison with IR radiometer and in situ measurements of ice clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27 449-27 464.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res , vol.106
    • Donovan, D.P.1
  • 11
    • 0029412367 scopus 로고
    • Simulations of an observed squall line with a meso-beta scale hydrostatic model
    • Ducrocq, V., and P. Bougeault, 1995: Simulations of an observed squall line with a meso-beta scale hydrostatic model. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 380-399.
    • (1995) Wea. Forecasting , vol.10 , pp. 380-399
    • Ducrocq, V.1    Bougeault, P.2
  • 12
    • 0032046470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical model for the calculation of multiply scattered lidar returns
    • Eloranta, E. W., 1998: Practical model for the calculation of multiply scattered lidar returns. Appl. Opt., 37, 2464-2472.
    • (1998) Appl. Opt , vol.37 , pp. 2464-2472
    • Eloranta, E.W.1
  • 13
    • 35148868900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate liquid water path retrieval from low-cost microwave radiometers using additional information from a lidar ceilometer and operational forecast models
    • in press
    • Gaussiat, N., R. J. Hogan, and A. J. Illingworth, 2007: Accurate liquid water path retrieval from low-cost microwave radiometers using additional information from a lidar ceilometer and operational forecast models. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., in press.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol
    • Gaussiat, N.1    Hogan, R.J.2    Illingworth, A.J.3
  • 14
    • 0028196061 scopus 로고
    • Technique for calibration of meteorological radars using differential phase
    • Goddard, J. W. F., J. Tan, and M. Thurai, 1994: Technique for calibration of meteorological radars using differential phase. Elect. Lett., 30, 166-167.
    • (1994) Elect. Lett , vol.30 , pp. 166-167
    • Goddard, J.W.F.1    Tan, J.2    Thurai, M.3
  • 15
    • 0027835458 scopus 로고
    • A physical retrieval of cloud liquid water over the global oceans using special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) observations
    • Greenwald, T. J., G. L. Stephens, T. H. Vonder Haar, and D. L. Jackson, 1993: A physical retrieval of cloud liquid water over the global oceans using special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) observations. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18 471-18 488.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res , vol.98
    • Greenwald, T.J.1    Stephens, G.L.2    Vonder Haar, T.H.3    Jackson, D.L.4
  • 16
    • 20144388510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SIRTA, a ground-based atmospheric observatory for cloud and aerosol research
    • Haeffelin, M., and Coauthors, 2005: SIRTA, a ground-based atmospheric observatory for cloud and aerosol research. Ann. Geophys., 23, 253-275.
    • (2005) Ann. Geophys , vol.23 , pp. 253-275
    • Haeffelin, M.1
  • 17
    • 0033757660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deriving cloud overlap statistics from radar
    • Hogan, R. J., and A. J. Illingworth, 2000: Deriving cloud overlap statistics from radar. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 2903-2909.
    • (2000) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.126 , pp. 2903-2909
    • Hogan, R.J.1    Illingworth, A.J.2
  • 18
    • 0142189853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterizing ice cloud inhomogeneity and the overlap of inhomogeneities using cloud radar data
    • Hogan, R. J., and A. J. Illingworth, 2003: Parameterizing ice cloud inhomogeneity and the overlap of inhomogeneities using cloud radar data. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 756-767.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 756-767
    • Hogan, R.J.1    Illingworth, A.J.2
  • 19
    • 77749278833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating cloud radar and lidar algorithms: The Cloudnet Instrument Synergy/Target Categorization product
    • documentation, Available online at
    • Hogan, R. J., and E. J. O'Connor, 2006: Facilitating cloud radar and lidar algorithms: The Cloudnet Instrument Synergy/Target Categorization product. Cloudnet documentation. [Available online at www.cloud-net.org/ data/products/categorize.html.]
    • (2006) Cloudnet
    • Hogan, R.J.1    O'Connor, E.J.2
  • 20
    • 0035270027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ECMWF winter-season cloud fraction with radar-derived values
    • Hogan, R. J., C. Jakob, and A. J. Illingworth, 2001: Comparison of ECMWF winter-season cloud fraction with radar-derived values. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 513-525.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.40 , pp. 513-525
    • Hogan, R.J.1    Jakob, C.2    Illingworth, A.J.3
  • 22
  • 23
    • 33645284930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retrieval of ice water content from radar reflectivity factor and temperature and its use in evaluating a mesoscale model
    • Hogan, R. J., M. P. Mittermaier, and A. J. Illingworth, 2006a: The retrieval of ice water content from radar reflectivity factor and temperature and its use in evaluating a mesoscale model. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 301-317.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.45 , pp. 301-317
    • Hogan, R.J.1    Mittermaier, M.P.2    Illingworth, A.J.3
  • 24
    • 33645307100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent evaluation of the ability of spaceborne radar and lidar to retrieve the microphysical and radiative properties of ice clouds
    • Hogan, R. J., D. P. Donovan, C. Tinel, M. A. Brooks, A. J. Illingworth, and J. P. V. Poiares Baptista, 2006b: Independent evaluation of the ability of spaceborne radar and lidar to retrieve the microphysical and radiative properties of ice clouds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 211-227.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.23 , pp. 211-227
    • Hogan, R.J.1    Donovan, D.P.2    Tinel, C.3    Brooks, M.A.4    Illingworth, A.J.5    Poiares Baptista, J.P.V.6
  • 25
    • 0242696062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved strategy for the evaluation of cloud parameterizations in GCMS
    • Jakob, C., 2003a: An improved strategy for the evaluation of cloud parameterizations in GCMS. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 1387-1401.
    • (2003) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.84 , pp. 1387-1401
    • Jakob, C.1
  • 27
    • 33745240404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Krasnov, O. A., and H. W. J. Russchenberg, 2005: A synergetic radar-lidar technique for the LWC retrieval in water clouds: description and application to the Cloudnet data. Preprints, 32d Conf. on Radar Meteorology and 11th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Albuquerque, NM, AMS, 11R.7.
    • Krasnov, O. A., and H. W. J. Russchenberg, 2005: A synergetic radar-lidar technique for the LWC retrieval in water clouds: description and application to the Cloudnet data. Preprints, 32d Conf. on Radar Meteorology and 11th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Albuquerque, NM, AMS, 11R.7.
  • 28
    • 27744526018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of EOS MLS cloud ice measurements with ECMWF analyses and GCM simulations: Initial results
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL023788
    • Li, J.-L., and Coauthors, 2005: Comparisons of EOS MLS cloud ice measurements with ECMWF analyses and GCM simulations: Initial results. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18710, doi:10.1029/2005GL023788.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.32
    • Li, J.-L.1
  • 29
    • 0033827772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward more accurate retrievals of ice water content from radar measurements of clouds
    • Liu, C.-L., and A. J. Illingworth, 2000: Toward more accurate retrievals of ice water content from radar measurements of clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1130-1146.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.39 , pp. 1130-1146
    • Liu, C.-L.1    Illingworth, A.J.2
  • 30
    • 0036749141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-layer overlap characteristics derived from long-term cloud radar data
    • Mace, G. G., and S. Benson-Troth, 2002: Cloud-layer overlap characteristics derived from long-term cloud radar data. J. Climate, 15, 2505-2515.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2505-2515
    • Mace, G.G.1    Benson-Troth, S.2
  • 31
    • 0032523642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of hydrometeor occurrence predicted by the ECMWF model using millimeter wave radar data
    • Mace, G. G., C. Jakob, and K. P. Moran, 1998: Validation of hydrometeor occurrence predicted by the ECMWF model using millimeter wave radar data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1645-1648.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.25 , pp. 1645-1648
    • Mace, G.G.1    Jakob, C.2    Moran, K.P.3
  • 32
    • 34047242875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of error sources in convective planetary boundary layer cloud forecasts using SIRTA observations
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL026001
    • Mathieu, A., J.-M. Piriou, M. Haeffelin, P. Drobinski, F. Vinit, and F. Bouyssel, 2007: Identification of error sources in convective planetary boundary layer cloud forecasts using SIRTA observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19812, doi:10.1029/2006GL026001.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Mathieu, A.1    Piriou, J.-M.2    Haeffelin, M.3    Drobinski, P.4    Vinit, F.5    Bouyssel, F.6
  • 33
    • 0029434680 scopus 로고
    • Ground-based remote sensing of cloud particle sizes during the 26 November 1991 FIRE II cirrus case: Comparisons with in situ data
    • Matrosov, S. Y., A. J. Heymsfield, J. M. Intrieri, B. W. Orr, and J. B. Snider, 1995: Ground-based remote sensing of cloud particle sizes during the 26 November 1991 FIRE II cirrus case: Comparisons with in situ data. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4128-4142.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.52 , pp. 4128-4142
    • Matrosov, S.Y.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Intrieri, J.M.3    Orr, B.W.4    Snider, J.B.5
  • 34
    • 34248325277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STRAT: An automated algorithm to retrieve the structure of the atmosphere from single-channel lidar data
    • in press
    • Morille, Y., M. Haeffelin, P. Drobinski, and J. Pelon, 2007: STRAT: An automated algorithm to retrieve the structure of the atmosphere from single-channel lidar data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., in press.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol
    • Morille, Y.1    Haeffelin, M.2    Drobinski, P.3    Pelon, J.4
  • 36
    • 14644443604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieving stratocumulus drizzle parameters using Doppler radar and lidar
    • O'Connor, E. J., R. J. Hogan, and A. J. Illingworth, 2005: Retrieving stratocumulus drizzle parameters using Doppler radar and lidar. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 14-27.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.44 , pp. 14-27
    • O'Connor, E.J.1    Hogan, R.J.2    Illingworth, A.J.3
  • 37
    • 33746398913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of conditional sampling and instrumental limitations on the statistics of cloud properties derived from cloud radar and lidar at SIRTA
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL025340
    • Protat, A., A. Armstrong, M. Haeffelin, Y. Morille, J. Pelon, J. Delanoë, and D. Bouniol, 2006: The impact of conditional sampling and instrumental limitations on the statistics of cloud properties derived from cloud radar and lidar at SIRTA. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11805, doi:10.1029/2005GL025340.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Protat, A.1    Armstrong, A.2    Haeffelin, M.3    Morille, Y.4    Pelon, J.5    Delanoë, J.6    Bouniol, D.7
  • 38
    • 1542607870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations
    • Rasch, P. J., and J. E. Kristjánsson, 1998: A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations. J. Climate, 11, 1587-1614.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 1587-1614
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Kristjánsson, J.E.2
  • 39
    • 21344480253 scopus 로고
    • A statistical cloud scheme for use in an AGCM
    • Ricard, J. L., and J. F. Royer, 1993: A statistical cloud scheme for use in an AGCM. Ann. Geophys., 11, 1095-1115.
    • (1993) Ann. Geophys , vol.11 , pp. 1095-1115
    • Ricard, J.L.1    Royer, J.F.2
  • 41
    • 0025204961 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model
    • Smith, R. N. B., 1990: A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 435-460.
    • (1990) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.116 , pp. 435-460
    • Smith, R.N.B.1
  • 42
    • 0036994078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CloudSat mission and the A-Train
    • Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2002: The CloudSat mission and the A-Train. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
    • (2002) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.83 , pp. 1771-1790
    • Stephens, G.L.1
  • 43
    • 0028668067 scopus 로고
    • The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed
    • Stokes, G. M., and S. E. Schwartz, 1994: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1201-1221.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.75 , pp. 1201-1221
    • Stokes, G.M.1    Schwartz, S.E.2
  • 44
    • 0027799811 scopus 로고
    • Representation of clouds in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M., 1993: Representation of clouds in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.121 , pp. 3040-3061
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 45
  • 46
    • 0037096559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic parameterization for the subgrid-scale variability of water vapor and clouds in large-scale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover
    • Tompkins, A. M., 2002: A prognostic parameterization for the subgrid-scale variability of water vapor and clouds in large-scale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1917-1942.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 1917-1942
    • Tompkins, A.M.1
  • 47
    • 19144365993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of model predicted liquid water path with ground-based measurements during CLIWA-NET
    • van Meijgaard, E., and S. Crewell, 2005: Comparison of model predicted liquid water path with ground-based measurements during CLIWA-NET. Atmos. Res., 75, 201-226.
    • (2005) Atmos. Res , vol.75 , pp. 201-226
    • van Meijgaard, E.1    Crewell, S.2
  • 48
    • 14744305795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing ice cloud microphysical properties using CloudNET and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program data
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD004967
    • van Zadelhoff, G.-J., D. P. Donovan, H. Klein Baltink, and R. Boers, 2004: Comparing ice cloud microphysical properties using CloudNET and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program data. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24214, doi:10.1029/2004JD004967.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res , vol.109
    • van Zadelhoff, G.-J.1    Donovan, D.P.2    Klein Baltink, H.3    Boers, R.4
  • 49
    • 0034791589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models
    • Webb, M., C. Senior, S. Bony, and J.-J. Morcrette, 2001: Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models. Climate Dyn., 17, 905-922.
    • (2001) Climate Dyn , vol.17 , pp. 905-922
    • Webb, M.1    Senior, C.2    Bony, S.3    Morcrette, J.-J.4
  • 50
    • 19144365715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing model predicted vertical cloud structure and cloud overlap with radar and lidar ceilometer observations for the Baltex Bridge Campaign of CLIWA-NET
    • Willén, U., S. Crewell, H. Klein Baltink, and O. Sievers, 2005: Assessing model predicted vertical cloud structure and cloud overlap with radar and lidar ceilometer observations for the Baltex Bridge Campaign of CLIWA-NET. Atmos. Res., 75, 227-255.
    • (2005) Atmos. Res , vol.75 , pp. 227-255
    • Willén, U.1    Crewell, S.2    Klein Baltink, H.3    Sievers, O.4
  • 51
    • 0032740909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the Meteorological Office Unified Model
    • Wilson, D. R., and S. P. Ballard, 1999: A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the Meteorological Office Unified Model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor., 125, 1607-1636.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor , vol.125 , pp. 1607-1636
    • Wilson, D.R.1    Ballard, S.P.2
  • 52
    • 0043172246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CALIPSO mission: Spaceborne lidar for observation of aerosols and clouds
    • Winker, D. M., J. Pelon, and M. P. McCormick, 2003; The CALIPSO mission: Spaceborne lidar for observation of aerosols and clouds. Proc. SPIE, 4893, 1-11.
    • (2003) Proc. SPIE , vol.4893 , pp. 1-11
    • Winker, D.M.1    Pelon, J.2    McCormick, M.P.3
  • 53
    • 0030357842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semiempirical cloudiness parameterization for use in climate models
    • Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1996: A semiempirical cloudiness parameterization for use in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3084-3102.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.53 , pp. 3084-3102
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Randall, D.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.