Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes

BMC Public Health

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  D'Ruiz, Carl D ^a   Graff, Donald W ^b   Robinson, Edward ^c  

^a Fontem Ventures   (United States)

^b CELERION   (United States)

^c ITG Brands LLC AW Spears Research Center RandD Department of Scientific Affairs   (United States)

Author keywords

Adverse events; Biomarkers of exposure; Clinical trial; Electronic cigarettes; Exclusive and dual use; Nicotine cessation; Urge to smoke

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DANGEROUS GOODS; NICOTINE;

ADULT; ADVERSE EFFECTS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRAVING; DANGEROUS GOODS; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; EXHALATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLISM; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TOBACCO;

ADULT; BIOMARKERS; CRAVING; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES; EXHALATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; MALE; NICOTINE; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; TOBACCO PRODUCTS;

EID: 84978974851     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3236-1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion, office on smoking and health: the health consequences of smoking - 50 years of progress: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DHHS), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
2. Jamal A, Agaku IT, O'Connor E, King BA, Kenemer JB, Neff L. Current cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2005-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(47):1108-12.
3. Cahn Z, Siegel M. Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: a step forward or a repeat of past mistakes. J Public Health Pol. 2011;32(1):16-31.
4. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, Prokopowicz A, Jablonska-Czapla M, Rosik-Dulewska C, Havel C. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23:133-9.
5. Hajek P, Etter J-F, Benowitz N, Eissenberg T, McRobbie H. Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction. 2014;109(11):1801-10. doi: 10.1111/add.12659.
6. Burstyn I. Peering through the mist: systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):18.
7. Polosa R, Rodu B, Caponnetto P, Maglia M, Raciti C. A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: the case for the electronic cigarette. Harm Red J. 2013;10(1):19.
8. Tayyarah R. Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air. Reg Tox Pharma. 2014;70(3):704-10.
9. Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Ther Adv Drug Safety. 2014;5(2):67-86.
10. Pepper JK, Brewer NT. 2013. Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: A systematic review. Tob Control. 2014;23(5):375-84.
11. Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulos S, Voudris V. Characteristics, perceived side effects and benefits of electronic cigarette use: a worldwide survey of more than 19,000 consumers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(4):4356-73.
12. McRobbie H, Bullen C, Hartmann-Boyce J, Hajek P. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD010216. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub2.
13. Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Carmella SG, Zimmerman CL, Losey L, Kramarczuk I, Roe MR, Puumala SS, Li YS, Le C, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK. Effects of reduced cigarette smoking on the uptake of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(2):107-15.
14. McRobbie H, Phillips A, Goniewicz ML, Smith KM, Knight-West O, Przulj D, Hajek P. Effects of switching to electronic cigarettes with and without concurrent smoking on exposure to nicotine, carbon monoxide, and acrolein. Cancer Prev Res. 2015;8(9):873-8.
15. Hecht SS, Yuan J-M, Hatsukami D. Applying tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in product regulation and cancer prevention. Chem Res Tox. 2010;23(6):1001-8.
16. Gregg EO, Minet E, McEwan M. Urinary biomarkers of smokers' exposure to tobacco smoke constituents in tobacco products assessment: a fit for purpose approach. Biomarkers. 2013;18(6):467-86.
17. Polosa R, Caponnetto P, Morjaria JB, Papale G, Campagna D, Russo C. Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e-Cigarette) on smoking reduction and cessation: a prospective 6-month pilot study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):786.
18. Hecht SS, Yuan J-M, Hatsukami D. Applying tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in product regulation and cancer prevention. Toxicant Biomarkers Product Regulation Cancer Prev Chem Res Tox. 2010;23(6):1001-8.
19. Carmella SG, Chen M, Han S, Briggs A, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS. Effects of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers. Chem Res Toxicology. 2009;22(4):734-41.
20. Hecht SS. Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23(6):907-22.
21. Deveci SE, Deveci F, Açik Y, Ozan AT. The measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide in healthy smokers and non-smokers. Resp Med. 2004;98(6):551-6.
22. Kharitonov SA, Robbins RA, Yates D, Keatings V, Barnes PJ. Acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on exhaled nitric oxide. Amer J Resp Criti Care Med. 1995;152(2):609-12.
23. D'Ruiz CD, Graff DW, Yan XS. Nicotine delivery, tolerability and reduction of smoking urge in smokers following short-term use of one brand of electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:991. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2349-2.
24. Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen M, Koch JFD, Miller AT, Murphy SE, Jensen JA, Zimmerman CL, Hatsukami DK. Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation. Cancer Res. 1999;59(3):590-6.
25. Sarkar M, Liu J, Koval T, Wang J, Feng S, Serafin R, Jin Y, Xie Y, Newland K, Roethig HJ. Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers using Marlboro snus. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(2):105-16.
26. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, FAGERSTROM KO. The fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. British J Addiction. 1991;86(9):1119-27.
27. Fagerström K. Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the fagerström test for cigarette dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012;14(1):75-8.
28. Jarvis JM, Rusell MAH, Saloojee Y. Expired air carbon monoxide: a simple breath test of tobacco smoke intake. BMJ. 1980;2:484.
29. Ripoll J, Girauta H, Ramos M, et al. Clinical trial on the efficacy of exhaled carbon monoxide measurement in smoking cessation in primary health care. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:322.
30. West R, Hajek P, Stead L, Stapleton J. Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: proposal for a common standard. Addiction. 2005;100:299-303.
31. Yates DH, Breen H, Thomas PS. Passive smoke inhalation decreases exhaled nitric oxide in normal subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164(6):1043-6.
32. Hogman M, Holmkvist T, Walinder R, Merilainen P, Ludviksdottir D, Hakansson L, Hedenstrom H. Increased nitric oxide elimination from the airways after smoking cessation. Clin Sci (Lond). 2002;103(1):15-9.
33. Robbins RA, Millatmal T, Lassi K, Rennard S, Daughton D. Smoking cessation is associated with an increase in exhaled nitric oxide. Chest. 1997;112(2):313-8.
34. Malinovschi A, Janson C, Holmkvist T, Norbäck D, Meriläinen P, Högman M. Effect of smoking on exhaled nitric oxide and flow-independent nitric oxide exchange parameters. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(2):339-45.
35. Chambers DC, Tunnicliffe WS, Ayres JG. Acute inhalation of cigarette smoke increases lower respiratory tract nitric oxide concentrations. Thorax. 1998;53(8):677-9.
36. Caponnetto P, Auditore R, Russo C, Cappello GC, Polosa R. Impact of an electronic cigarette on smoking reduction and cessation in schizophrenic smokers: a prospective 12-month pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10(2):446-61.
37. Vansickel AR, Cobb CO, Weaver MF, Eissenberg TE. A clinical laboratory model for evaluating the acute effects of electronic "cigarettes": nicotine delivery profile and cardiovascular and subjective effects. Cancer Epidem Biomar. 2010;19(8):1945-53.
38. Farsalinos KE, Spyrou A, Tsimopoulou K, Stefopoulos C, Romagna G, Voudris V: Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: comparison between first and new-generation devices. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4133.
39. Yan XS, D'Ruiz C. Effects of using electronic cigarettes on nicotine delivery and cardiovascular function in comparison with regular cigarettes. Reg Tox Pharma. 2015;71(1):24-34.
40. Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kotandeniya D, Pillsbury ME, Chen M, Ransom BWS, Vogel RI, Thompson E, Murphy SE, Hatsukami DK. Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of E-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(6):704-9.
41. Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation. 2014;129(19):1972-86.